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bZIP Transcription Factor UvATF21 Mediates Vegetative Growth,Conidiation,Stress Tolerance and Is Required for Full Virulence of Rice False Smut Fungus Ustilaginoidea virens

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Rice science 2023年第1期30卷 50-57页

作者： LIU Yueran QU Jinsong WANG Yufu YIN Weixiao LUO Chaoxi Hubei Key laboratory of plant Pathology/College of plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China

bZIP proteins are widely distributed in eukaryotic organisms and regulate a diverse range of physiological *** bZIP proteins have previously been identified in Ustilaginoidea ***,the biological roles of these bZIP proteins in this pathogen are still ***,one of these bZIP protein coding genes,UvATF21,was functionally *** deletion of UvATF21resulted in reduced conidiation and pathogenicity despite of the increased vegetative *** deletion mutants also significantly decreased the sensitivity to osmotic and oxidative ***,deletion of UvATF21 exhibited different performances to cell wall integrity *** results indicated that UvATF21 played crucial roles in vegetative growth,conidiation,stress response,and full virulence in ***.

关键词： Ustilaginoidea virens bZIP protein conidiation stress response pathogenicity

Impact of fluxapyroxad on the microbial community structure and functional diversity in the silty-loam soil

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第1期14卷 114-124页

作者： WU Xiao-hu XU Jun LIU Yong-zhuo DONG Feng-shou LIU Xin-gang ZHANG Wen-wen ZHENG Yong-quan State Key laboratory for Biology of plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The aim of this work was to assess the effect of applying three different doses of fluxapyroxad on microbial activity, community structure and functional diversity as measured by respiration, microbial biomass C, phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） and community-level physiological profiles （CLPPs）. Our results demonstrated that substrate-induced respiration （on day 15） and microbial biomass C （on days 7 and 15） were inhibited by fiuxapyroxad, but stimulation was observed thereafter. In contrast, fluxapyroxad addition increased the basal respiration and metabolic quotients （qCO2） and respiratory quotients （QR）. Analysis of the PLFA profiles revealed that the total and bacterial biomass （both Gram-positive bacteria （GP） and Gram-negative bacteria （GN）） were decreased within the initial 15 days, whereas those as well as the GN/GP ratio were increased at days 30 and 60. Fluxapyroxad input decreased the fungi biomass but increased the bacteria/fungi ratio at all incubation time. Moreover, high fluxapyroxad input （75 mg fluxapyroxad kg-1 soil dry weight） increased the microbial stress level. A principal component analysis （PCA） of the PLFAs revealed that fluxapyroxad treatment significantly shifted the microbial community structure, but all of the observed effects were transient. Biolog results showed that average well color development （AWCD） and functional diversity index （H′） were increased only on day 60. In addition, the dissipation of fluxa- pyroxad was slow in soil, and the degradation half-lives varied from 158 to 385 days depending on the concentration tested.

关键词： fluxapyroxad microbial activity community structure functional diversity

More stressful event does not always depress subsequent life performance

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第10期18卷 2321-2329页

作者： CHEN Ying-ying ZHANG Wei MA Gang MA Chun-sen State Key laboratory for Biology of plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Climate change has led to a substantial increase in intensity and duration of heat waves *** the ecological impacts of hot events should incorporate both immediate and potential carry-over effects in different intensities of heat waves. Previous studies suggested that higher heat dose in early life stage of insect generally decreased immediate survival and depressed adult reproduction through carry-over effects, or unchanged adult performance through recovery effects. However, our previous study showed a different pattern, in which longer heat exposures in larval stage did not always decrease but sometimes increase the subsequent adult maturation success in the diamondback moth. We speculated that it might be another important pattern in the carry-over effects vs. heat dose, and conducted experiments using a global pest, Plutella xylostella. Our present results suggested that heat exposures in early life stage reduced the immediate survival and produced general declines with significant zigzag fluctuating patterns in subsequent body size and reproduction as exposure durations increased. The similar patterns were also validated in other insect taxa and other stresses by reanalyzing the experiment data from literatures. The finding highlights the importance for differentiating the biological effects and consequences of changes in heat dose at fine scales;daily exposure hours of a hot day should be considered to predict population dynamic under climate change.

关键词： climate change Plutella xylostella extreme temperature reproduction carry-over effect

SNARE-RNAi Results in Higher Terpene Emission from Ectopically Expressed Caryophyllene Synthase in Nicotiana benthamiana

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Molecular plant 2015年第3期8卷 454-466页

作者： Hieng-Ming Ting Thierry L. Delatte Pim Kolkman Johana C. Misas-Villamil Renier A.L. van der Hoom Harro J. Bouwmeester Alexander R. van der Krol laboratory of plant Physiology Wageningen University PO Box 658 6700 AR Wageningen The Netherlands plant Chemetics laboratory Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research Carl-von-Linne Weg 10 50829 Cologne Germany plant Chemetics laboratory Department of Plant Sciences University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3RB UK

plants produce numerous terpenes and much effort has been dedicated to the identification and charac- terization of the terpene biosynthetic genes. However, little is known about how terpenes are transported within the cell and from the cell into the apoplast. To investigate a putative role of vesicle fusion in this pro- cess, we used Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient coexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana of an MtVAMP721e-RNAi construct （Vi） with either a caryophyllene synthase or a linalool synthase, respec- tively. Headspace analysis of the leaves showed that caryophyllene or linalool emission increased about five-fold when N. benthamiana VAMP72 function was blocked. RNA sequencing and protein ubiquitination analysis of the agroinflltrated N. benthamiana leaf extracts suggested that increased terpene emissions may be attributed to proteasome malfunction based on three observations： leaves with TPS＋Vi showed （1） a higher level of a DsRed marker protein, （2） a higher level of ubiquitinated proteins, and （3） coordinated induced expression of multiple proteasome genes, presumably caused by the lack of proteasome- mediated feedback regulation. However, caryophyllene or linalool did not inhibit proteasome-related pro- tease activity in the in vitro assays. While the results are not conclusive for a role of vesicle fusion in terpene transport, they do show a strong interaction between inhibition of vesicle fusion and ectopic expression of certain terpenes. The results have potential applications in metabolic engineering.

关键词： terpene transport vesicle-associated membrane proteins (VAMP72) caryophyllene synthase linaloolsynthase proteasome Nicotiana benthamiana

Studies on gene structure, enzymatic activity and regulatory mechanism of acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase from G2 pea

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2003年第4期46卷 389-398页

作者：徐云剑顾雪松李珺李晴 PeterJ.Davies 朱玉贤 The National laboratory of Protein Engineering and plant Genetic Engineering Peking University Department of plant Biology Cornell University Ithaca

The AAIR genomic DNA of G2 pea (Pisum sativum L.) was amplified by PCR method. Sequence analysis showed that it was composed of 8 introns and 9 exons with three of the introns containing specific A/T-rich endogenous promoter regions. Molecular hybridization experiments revealed that the expression of AAIR remained at a high level before and after flowering if grown in short day growth chambers. However, when grown under long day conditions, the level of AAIR expression declined very rapidly after flowering. This variation of AAIR expression is consistent with the change of enzymatic activity of acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase. Functional complementation experiments carried out using an acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase deficient E. coli strain showed that these cells could not grow on M9 medium without addition of branched-chain amino acids unless they were transformed with the AAIR expression vector. Further study revealed that overexpression of the pea AAIR cDNA in acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase deficient E. coli strain enhanced significantly its branched-chain amino acid biosynthetic capacity. Results from gel shift experiments showed that fractions of pea nuclear protein extracts could bind specifically to some A/T rich regions present in introns of the AAIR gene. The A/T-rich-region-binding proteins remained at a steady level in the non-senescing apical buds of short-day grown G2 pea. In the rapid-senescing apical buds of long-day grown G2 pea, the levels of these proteins declined rapidly after flower initiation. Therefore, the nuclear protein binding capacities to endogenous promoter regions may constitute an important mechanism to regulate AAIR gene expression.

关键词： AAIR G2 pea A/T rich region enzymatic activity senescence. D

Progress of the discovery, application, and control technologies of chemical pesticides in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第4期18卷 840-853页

作者： PAN Xing-lu DONG Feng-shou WU Xiao-hu XU Jun LIU Xin-gang ZHENG Yong-quan State Key laboratory for Biology of plant Disease and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Pesticides, which have the dual characteristics of being both helpful and harmful, are important materials for ensuring food security and human health. Therefore, the rational development, scientific application, and effective control of pesticides are very important. In this paper, from the perspectives of pesticide discovery, formulation processing, application mode, residue monitoring, and pollution elimination and prediction, trends in the research progress and development of pesticides in China were systematically summarized to provide an important reference for the development of pesticides with high efficiency and low risk and for the reduction of pesticide application.

关键词： pesticide discovery formulation processing application residue monitoring pollution elimination and prediction

Effects of Droplet Distribution on Insecticide Toxicity to Asian Corn Borers(Ostrinia furnaealis) and Spiders(Xysticus ephippiatus)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第1期13卷 124-133页

作者： YANG Dai-bin ZHANG Lin-na YAN Xiao-jing WANG Zhen-ying YUAN Hui-zhu State Key laboratory for Biology of plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Institute of plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Distribution of horizontal boom produced droplets downwards into maize canopies at flowering period and its effects on the efficacies of emamectin benzoate, lambda-cyhalothrin and chlorantraniliprole against the second generation of Asian corn borer （ACB） larvae and their toxicity to spiders were studied. When insecticides were sprayed downwards into the maize canopies, randomly filtering out droplets by upper leaves led to great variations of droplet coverage and density within the canopies. Consequently, the efficacies of lambda-cyhalothrin and emamectin benzoate against ACB larvae were decreased because of randomly filtering out droplets by upper leaves. But field investigation showed that lambda-cyhalothrin was extremely toxic to hunting spiders, Xysticus ephippiatus, and not suitable to IPM programs in regulation of the second generation of ACB. Therefore, randomly filtering out droplets by upper leaves decreased lambda-cyhalothrin＇s efficacy against ACB larvae, but did little to decrease its toxicity to X. ephippiatus. Amamectin benzoate can reduce the populations of X. ephippiatus by 58.1-61.4%, but the populations can recover at the end of the experiment. Chlorantraniliprole was relatively safe to X. ephippiatus. It only reduced the populations of X. ephippiatus by 22.3-33.0%, and the populations can totally recover 9 d after application.

关键词： droplet distribution insecticide toxicity Asian corn borer spider

Use of chlorophyll fluorescence and P700 absorbance to rapidly detect glyphosate resistance in goosegrass(Eleusine indica)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第4期14卷 714-723页

作者： ZHANG Tai-jie FENG Li TIAN Xing-shan YANG Cai-hong GAO Jia-dong Institute of plant Protection Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection

The rapid detection of glyphosate resistance in goosegrass（Eleusine indica） will enhance our ability to respond to new resistant populations of this major weed. Chlorophyll fluorescence（Fluo） and P700（reaction center chlorophyll of photosystem I） absorbance were analyzed in one biotype of goosegrass that is resistant to glyphosate and in another that remains sensitive to the herbicide. Both biotypes were treated with a foliar spray of glyphosate. Differences in photosystem II maximum quantum yield（Fv/Fm）, effective photochemical quantum yield（Y（II））, and non-photochemical quenching（NPQ） between the biotypes increased over time. Values for Fv/Fm and Y（II） differed between the two biotypes 24 h after treatment（HAT）. Differentiated activities and energy dissipation processes of photosystem II（PSII） and energy dissipation processes of photosystem I（PSI） were manifested in the two biotypes 24 HAT with 20 mmol L–1 glyphosate. Differentiated energy dissipation processes of PSI were still apparent 24 HAT with 200 mmol L–1 glyphosate. These results indicate that the Fluo parameters related to PSII activity and energy dissipation and the P700 parameters related to energy dissipation are suitable indicators that enable rapid detection of glyphosate resistance in goosegrass.

关键词： Eleusine indica glyphosate resistance chlorophyll fluorescence P700

Effects of intercropping vines with tobacco and root extracts of tobacco on grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第7期14卷 1367-1375页

作者： WANG Zhong-yue SU Jun-ping LIU Wei-wei GUO Yu-yuan State Key laboratory for Biology of plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The effects of grape-tobacco intercropping patterns on populations of grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch, as well as on the growth and development of the infested vines were evaluated in the field and the impact of an aqueous tobacco root extract on grape phylloxera was evaluated using a laboratory bioassay. The aqueous tobacco root extract exhibited biological activity against this pest. The egg mortality, nymph mortality, development period, life span and female fecundity were significantly affected. In the field trial, grape phylloxera populations were clearly lower as compared to the monoculture pattern. However, the rates of newly developed roots and newly infested grape roots were significantly higher and lower, in intercropping patterns than in the vine monoculture, respectively. The grape phylloxera population number on the grape roots decreased each year, and the vine trees gradually renewed upon continuous intercropping with tobacco over three years. These results confirmed that intercropping grapes with tobacco can effectively control grape phylloxera in an infested vineyard. The results also indicated that additional crops could be intercropped with grapes and are effective against grape phylloxera, which should be explored as an integrated approach for controlling the pest.

关键词： grape phylloxera tobacco intercropping developmental duration secondary metabolites control method