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Genetic diversity of food-medicinal Lycium spp. in China: Insights from chloroplast genome

Chinese Herbal Medicines 2024年第3期16卷 401-411页

作者： Ruyu Yao Bin Wang Michael Heinrich Qiuling Wang Peigen Xiao Institute of Medicinal plant development Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and development of Southern Medicine Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Research group 'Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy' UCL School of PharmacyUniversity of London

Objective:Goji(fruits of Lycium spp.) is commonly consumed as food and medicine.The increasing market demand for goji has led to its wide cultivation and broad breeding,which might cause loss of genetic diversity.This study aims to uncover the genetic diversity of the cultivated and wild Lycium.Methods:The chloroplast genome(CPG) of 34 accessions of Chinese food-medicinal Lycium spp., including the popular cultivars and their wild relatives,was re-sequenced and assembled,based on which the genetic diversity was evaluated.Results:Sequence structural comparison shows that CPG is comparatively conserved within species.Phylogenetic analysis indicates that CPG is sufficient for the discrimination of Lycium species;combined with nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer(Nr ITS) sequences,materials with mixed genetic backgrounds can be identified.Nucleotide diversity analysis reveals that the modern cultivars are probably with a common maternal parent,while the wild accessions are with higher level of genetic diversity.Conclusion:For the first time this study reveals the intraspecies genetic diversity of Lycium spp.using CPG,highlighting the urgent conservation demand of wild genetic resources of Lycium.Our study also demonstrates that CPG provides crucial evidence for identification of Lycium species with mixed genetic backgrounds and highlights the importance of the wild relatives in genetic diversity conservation.This CPG-based technology will contribute to the sustainable development of medicinal plants broadly.

关键词： chloroplast genome cultivar food-medicine genetic diversity goji wild relative

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The challenge of defining rare genetic programs by single-cell RNA sequencing:Insights from phloem studies

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Molecular plant 2024年第1期17卷 22-25页

作者： Xiaomin Liu Pawel Roszak YkäHelariutta State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China The Sainsbury Laboratory University of CambridgeCB21TN CambridgeUK Wood development group University of Helsinki00100 HelsinkiFinland Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science CentreUniversity of Helsinki00100 HelsinkiFinland

Single-cell RNA sequencing technology provides unprecedented opportunities to capture the spatiotemporal aspects of genetic programs that drive cell differentiation.Phloem is a subtype of vascular tissue that is crucial for transporting sugars,proteins,and other organic molecules.Its critical role in the redistribution of carbon between photosynthetically active“source”organs(leaves,shoots)and“sink”tissues/organs incapable of fixing carbon(wood,storage organs,root system,etc.)has made phloem development and its transcriptional regulation a prime research focus.

关键词： organs sugar rare

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Effect of drying-wetting cycles on pore characteristics and mechanical properties of enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation-reinforced sea sand

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第1期16卷 291-302页

作者： Ming Huang Kai Xu Zijian Liu Chaoshui Xu Mingjuan Cui College of Civil Engineering Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China Xiamen Rail Transit Construction and development group Co. Ltd.Xiamen361000China School of Civil Environment and Mining EngineeringThe University of AdelaideAdelaide5005Australia

Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation(EICP)is an emanating,eco-friendly and potentially sound technique that has presented promise in various geotechnical applications.However,the durability and microscopic characteristics of EICP-treated specimens against the impact of drying-wetting(D-W)cycles is under-explored yet.This study investigates the evolution of mechanical behavior and pore charac-teristics of EICP-treated sea sand subjected to D-W cycles.The uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)tests,synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography(micro-CT),and three-dimensional(3D)recon-struction of CT images were performed to study the multiscale evolution characteristics of EICP-reinforced sea sand under the effect of D-W cycles.The potential correlations between microstructure characteristics and macro-mechanical property deterioration were investigated using gray relational analysis(GRA).Results showed that the UCS of EICP-treated specimens decreases by 63.7% after 15 D-W cycles.The proportion of mesopores gradually decreases whereas the proportion of macropores in-creases due to the exfoliated calcium carbonate with increasing number of D-W cycles.The micro-structure in EICP-reinforced sea sand was gradually disintegrated,resulting in increasing pore size and development of pore shape from ellipsoidal to columnar and branched.The gray relational degree suggested that the weight loss rate and UCS deterioration were attributed to the development of branched pores with a size of 100-1000 m m under the action of D-W cycles.Overall,the results in this study provide a useful guidancee for the long-term stability and evolution characteristics of EICP-reinforced sea sand under D-W weathering conditions.

关键词： Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation(EICP) plant-based urease Drying-wetting(D-W)cycles Microstructure

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Establishment of a system for screening and identification of novel bactericide targets in the plant pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae using Tn-seq and SPR

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第5期23卷 1580-1592页

作者： Chaoyue Pang Ling Jin Haoyu Zang Damalk Saint-Claire SKoklannou Jiazhi Sun Jiawei Yang Yongxing Wang Liang Xu Chunyan Gu Yang Sun Xing Chen Yu Chen School of plant Protection Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036China Institute of plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety Anhui Academy of Agricultural SciencesHefei 230031China Anhui Province Laboratory for Green Pesticide development and Application School of Plant ProtectionAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefei230036China Hefei Research Center State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsHefei 230036China Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province School of Plant ProtectionAnhui Agricultural University Hefei230036China Shandong Vicome Greenland Chemical Co. Ltd.Jinan 250204China

Xanthomonas spp. cause severe bacterial diseases. However, effective strategies for prevention and management of these diseases are scarce. Thus, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of control of diseases caused by Xanthomonas. In this study, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae(Xoo), which causes rice bacterial leaf blight, has been studied as a representative. A transposon insertion library of Xoo, comprising approximately 200,000 individual insertion mutants, was generated. Transposon sequencing data indicated that the mariner C9 transposase mapped at 35.7–36.4% of all potential insertion sites, revealing 491 essential genes required for the growth of Xoo in rich media. The results show that, compared to the functions of essential genes of other bacteria, the functions of some essential genes of Xoo are unknown, 25 genes might be dangerous for the Xanthomonas group, and 3 are specific to Xanthomonas. High-priority candidates for developing broad-spectrum, Xanthomonas-specific, and environment-friendly bactericides were identified in this study. In addition, this study revealed the possible targets of dioctyldiethylenetriamine using surface plasmon resonance(SPR) in combination with high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry(HPLC–MS). The study also provided references for the research of some certain bactericides with unknown anti-bacterial mode of action. In conclusion, this study urged a better understanding of Xanthomonas,provided meaningful data for the management of bacterial leaf blight, and disclosed selected targets of a novel bactericide.

关键词： rice bacterial leaf blight Xanthomonas essential genes Tn-seq dioctyldiethylenetriamine

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Experimental Study on Corrosion of Stainless Steel in Low Temperature Multi effect Seawater Desalination

Frontiers of Metallurgical Industry

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Frontiers of Metallurgical Industry 2024年第2期2卷 25-31页

作者： Shiyi Zhang Xinggang Ma Baowu group Shanxi Taigang Stainless Steel Co. Ltd.Cold Rolling Plant

Starting from the corrosion mechanism,this paper analyzes the characteristics of various types of stainless steel and selects the best performance composite plate composite plate stainless steel.Analyze and select the most suitable corrosion detection method based on specific practical multi working conditions,discuss the interference factors that affect metal corrosion during experimental simulation,and the advantages of newly developed sheet metal.The new development of composite board panels,with the substrate and composite materials applying their respective capabilities for MED,will bring breakthrough progress to the scientific research and engineering applica-tion of composite boards.

关键词： seawater desalination corrosion mechanism of stainless steel composite board lamination corrosion rate

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Gibberellin promotes cambium reestablishment during secondary vascular tissue regeneration after girdling in an auxin-dependent manner in Populus

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2024年第1期66卷 86-102页

作者： Yufei Zhang Lingyan Wang Yuexin Wu Donghui Wang Xin‐Qiang He State Key Laboratory of Protein and plant Gene Research School of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Secondary vascular tissue(SVT)development and regeneration are regulated by phytohormones.In this study,we used an in vitro SVT regeneration system to demonstrate that gibberellin(GA)treatment significantly promotes auxin-induced cambium reestablishment.Altering GA content by overexpressing or knocking down ent-kaurene synthase(KS)affected secondary growth and SVT regeneration in poplar.The poplar DELLA gene GIBBERELLIC ACID INSENSITIVE(PtoGAI)is expressed in a specific pattern during secondary growth and cambium regeneration after girdling.Overexpression of PtoGAI disrupted poplar growth and inhibited cambium regeneration,and the inhibition of cambium regeneration could be partially restored by GA application.Further analysis of the PtaDR5:GUS transgenic plants,the localization of PIN-FORMED 1(PIN1)and the expression of auxin-related genes found that an additional GA treatment could enhance the auxin response as well as the expression of PIN1,which mediates auxin transport during SVT regeneration.Taken together,these findings suggest that GA promotes cambium regeneration by stimulating auxin signal transduction.

关键词： auxin cambium gibberellin Populus secondary vascular tissue regeneration

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Unveiling a new regulator: Vacuolar V-ATPase mediates brassinosteroid signaling in Arabidopsis

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Molecular plant 2024年第2期17卷 227-229页

作者： Shikha Malik Justin W.Walley Department of plant Pathology Entomologyand Microbiologylowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA

plant growth and development are intricately regulated by hormones such as auxins,gibberellins,jamonates,cytokinins,and brassinosteroids(BRs).BRs are a group of plant steroid hormones that play a vital role in plant growth and response to the environment.BRs regulate many biological processes including cell elongation,cell division,and male fertility,as well as abiotic and biotic stress responses.

关键词： media fertility brassinosteroid

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Spatiotemporal variation and evaluation of agriculture green development: a case study of Hainan Province, China

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 83-99页

作者： Tianxiang YU Jichen ZHOU Lin MA Fusuo ZHANG Zed RENGEL William JDAVIES Jianbo SHEN Department of plant Nutrition College of Resources and Environmental SciencesCenter for ResourcesEnvironment and Food SecurityKey Laboratory of Plant-Soil interactionsMOENational Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University Sanya 572025China Soil Physics and Land Management group Wageningen UniversityP.O.Box 476700 AA Wageningenthe Netherlands Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources Center for Agricultural Resources ResearchInstitute of Genetic and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang 050021China Soil Science and plant Nutrition UWA School of Agriculture and EnvironmentThe University of Western AustraliaPerth WA 6009Australia Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation 21000 SplitCroatia Lancaster Environment Centre University of LancasterLancaster LA14YQUK

The realization of green and sustainable development of agriculture is the common pursuit all over the world. Agriculture green development(AGD)program has been proposed as a sustainable development strategy in China,but insufficient is known about the quantitative evaluation of spatiotemporal variation in AGD at the regional scale. This study aimed to assess spatiotemporal patterns in AGD at the county/city-based regional level. For this purpose, a systematic index evaluation system was developed to assess the performance of socioeconomic, food production and environmental components in a key economic region(Hainan Province) of China. Hainan improved its AGD index(representing the overall performance toward achieving AGD) from 38.8 in 1988 to 40.9 in 2019. The socioeconomic development and agricultural productivity have improved with time;environmental quality declined due to overuse of chemicals from 1988 to 2013, but steadily improved after 2013, indicating positive effects of reducing chemical input. There was a higher AGD index in the coastal vs. central regions and the southern vs. northern regions. Scenarios featuring improved nutrient management or optimized diet structure and reduced waste improved economic benefits and social productivity while concurrently reducing environmental degradation. These results provide new insights for the future development of green and sustainable agriculture and formulation of agricultural policies in Hainan Province of China and even other developing countries that are facing or will soon face similar challenges.

关键词： Agriculture environmental impact green and sustainable development Hainan Province index evaluation system

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OsWRKY65 enhances immunity against fungal and bacterial pathogens in rice

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The Crop Journal 2024年第2期12卷 470-481页

作者： Seungmin Son Giha Song Suhyeon Nam Jinjeong Lee Duk-Ju Hwang Eun-Jung Suh Sang Ryeol Park National Institute of Agricultural Sciences Rural Development AdministrationJeonju 54874Republic of Korea Department of Agriculture Forestry and BioresourcesPlant Genomics and Breeding InstituteResearch Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology Jeonbuk National UniversityJeonju 54896Republic of Korea

Diverse bacterial and fungal pathogens attack plants,causing biotic stress and severe yield losses globally.These losses are expected to become more serious as climate change improves conditions for many pathogens.Therefore,identifying genes conferring broad-spectrum disease resistance and elucidating their underlying mechanisms provides important resources for plant breeding.WRKY transcription factors affect plant growth and stress responses.However,the functions of many WRKY proteins remain to be elucidated.Here,we demonstrated the role of rice(Oryza sativa)WRKY groupⅢtranscription factor OsWRKY65 in immunity.OsWRKY65 localized to the nucleus and acted as transcriptional repressor.Genetic and molecular functional analyses showed that OsWRKY65 increases resistance to the fungal pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi through downregulation of GA signaling and upregulation of JA signaling.Moreover,OsWRKY65 modulated the expression of the key genes that confer susceptibility or resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae to enhance immunity against the pathogen.In particular,OsWRKY65directly bound to the promoter region of OsSWEET13 and repressed its expression.Taken together,our findings demonstrate that the OsWRKY65 enhances resistance to fungal and bacterial pathogens in rice.

关键词： Bacterial blight Bakanae disease Broad-spectrum disease resistance Oriza sativa OsWRKY65 Rice

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Woody plant cell walls:Fundamentals and utilization

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Molecular plant 2024年第1期17卷 112-140页

作者： Wei Li Ying-Chung Jimmy Lin Ying-Lan Chen Chenguang Zhou Shuang Li Nette De Ridder Dyoni M.Oliveira Lanjun Zhange Baocai Zhang Jack P.Wang Changzheng Xu Xiaokang Fu Keming Luo Ai-Min Wu Taku Demura Meng-Zhu Lu Yihua Zhou Laigeng Li Toshiaki Umezawa Wout Boerjan Vincent L.Chiang State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040China Department of Life Science National Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwanChina Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences College of Bioscience and BiotechnologyNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwanChina Department of plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent UniversityTechnologiepark 719052 GhentBelgium VIB Center for plant Systems Biology Technologiepark 719052 GhentBelgium State Key Laboratory of plant Genomics Insttute of Genetics and developmental Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Forest Biotechnology group Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Chongqing Key Laboratory of plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation Integrative Science Center of Germplasm CreationSchool of Life SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative developmentand Utilization of Forest plant Germplasm College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitecturesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou510642China Center for Digital Green-innovation Nara Institute of Science and TechnologykomaNara 630-0192Japan State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Siviculture College of Forestry and BiotechnologyZhejang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular plant Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences300 Fenglin RoadShanghai 200032China Laboratoryof MetabolicScienceofForest plants and Microorganisms Rsearch Institute for Sustainable HumanosphereKyoto UniversityUjiKyoto 611-0011 Japan

Cell walls in plants,particularly forest trees,are the major carbon sink of the terrestrial ecosystem.Chemical and biosynthetic features of plant cell walls were revealed early on,focusing mostly on herbaceous model species.Recent developments in genomics,transcriptomics,epigenomics,transgenesis,and associated analytical techniques are enabling novel insights into formation of woody cell walls.Here,we review multilevel regulation of cell wall biosynthesis in forest tree species.We highlight current approaches to engineering cell walls as potential feedstock for materials and energy and survey reported field tests of such engineered transgenic trees.We outline opportunities and challenges in future research to better understand cell type biogenesis for more efficient wood cell wall modification and utilization for biomaterials or for enhanced carbon capture and storage.

关键词： regulation of cell wall formation biosynthesis of cell wall components lignin cellulose hemicellulose cell wall utilization

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