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Crop phenotyping in a context of global change:What to measure and how to do it

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2022年第2期64卷 592-618页

作者： Jose Luis Araus Shawn Carlisle Kefauver Omar Vergara-Díaz Adrian Gracia-Romero Fatima Zahra Rezzouk Joel Segarra Maria Luisa Buchaillot Melissa Chang-Espino Thomas Vatter Rut Sanchez-Bragado JoséArmando Fernandez-Gallego Maria Dolores Serret Jordi Bort Integrative Crop ecophysiology Group Plant Physiology SectionFaculty of BiologyUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain AGROTECNIO Center LleidaSpain plant ecophysiology and Metabolism Lab ITQB NovaPlant Sciences DivisionOeirasPortugal Programa de Ingeniería Electrónica Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de IbaguéIbaguéColombia

High-throughput crop phenotyping,particularly under field conditions,is nowadays perceived as a key factor limiting crop genetic advance.Phenotyping not only facilitates conventional breeding,but it is necessary to fully exploit the capabilities of molecular breeding,and it can be exploited to predict breeding targets for the years ahead at the regional level through more advanced simulation models and decision support systems.In terms of phenotyping,it is necessary to determined which selection traits are relevant in each situation,and which phenotyping tools/methods are available to assess such traits.Remote sensing methodologies are currently the most popular approaches,even when lab-based analyses are still relevant in many circumstances.On top of that,data processing and automation,together with machine learning/deep learning are contributing to the wide range of applications for phenotyping.This review addresses spectral and red-green-blue sensing as the most popular remote sensing approaches,alongside stable isotope composition as an example of a lab-based tool,and root phenotyping,which represents one of the frontiers for field phenotyping.Further,we consider the two most promising forms of aerial platforms(unmanned aerial vehicle and satellites)and some of the emerging data-processing techniques.The review includes three Boxes that examine specific case studies.

关键词： crop phenotyping deep learning models photosynthesis platforms remote sensing roots satellites sensors stable isotopes

Evolution of wheat architecture,physiology,and metabolism during domestication and further cultivation:Lessons for crop improvement

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The Crop Journal 2023年第4期11卷 1080-1096页

作者： Arturs Katamadze Omar Vergara-Díaz Estefanía Uberegui Ander Yoldi-Achalandabaso José Luis Araus Rubén Vicente plant ecophysiology and Metabolism Group Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaP-2780 OeirasPortugal Genetics and Genomics of plant Complex Traits Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaP-2780 OeirasPortugal FisioClimaCO_(2) Group Department of Plant Biology and EcologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of the Basque CountryE-48940 LeioaSpain Integrative Crop ecophysiology Group Section of Plant PhysiologyFaculty of BiologyUniversity of BarcelonaE-08028 Barcelona&AGROTECNIO-CERCA CenterE-25198 LleidaSpain

In recent decades,genetic advances in yield improvement in the major cereal crops,including wheat,has stagnated or proceeded at a slower rate than is required to meet future global food demand,particularly in the face of climate change.To reverse this situation,and in view of the future climate scenario,there is a need to increase the genetic diversity of wheat to increase its productivity,quality,stability,and adaptation to local agro-environments.The abundant genetic resources and literature are a basis for wheat improvement.However,many species,such as wild relatives,landraces,and old cultivars have not been studied beyond their agronomic characteristics,highlighting the lack of understanding of the physiological and metabolic processes(and their integration) associated with higher productivity and resilience in limiting environments.Retrospective studies using wheat ancestors and modern cultivars may identify novel traits that have not previously been considered,or have been underestimated,during domestication and breeding,but that may contribute to future food security.This review describes existing wheat genetic diversity and changes that occurred during domestication and breeding,and considers whether mining natural variation among wheat ancestors offers an opportunity to enhance wheat agronomic performance,spike architecture,canopy-and organ-level photosynthetic capacity,and responses to abiotic stress,as well as to develop new wheat hybrids.

关键词： Breeding Landraces Photosynthesis Wild relatives Yield

Beating the blues:engineering cryptochrome expression improves soybean yield

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Molecular plant 2021年第2期14卷 202-204页

作者： Ronald Pierik plant ecophysiology Department of BiologyUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 83584 CH Utrechtthe Netherlands

Phytochrome A overexpression can increase harvest index,as was shown 25 years ago in a breakthrough paper on tobacco(Robson et al.,1996).The impact of this important discovery has,however,not been fully developed.plants at high densities often respond strongly to nearby competitors by strong elongation of their internodes and upward bending of their leaves,i.e.,shade avoidance.This is crucial for plants to ascertain access to sunlight,and this navigation through vegetation occurs through light cues that are sensed with various photoreceptors.A spectacular sensitivity is displayed by sun-loving plants that can already sense their nearby competitors even before mutual shading occurs and respond through a first acceleration of shoot elongation.This anticipatory response is triggered through red(R):far-red(FR)light-sensitive phytochrome photoreceptors that detect FR light that is reflected by nearby vegetation.When the vegetation continues to grow and true shading occurs,there is also a significant depletion of red and blue light,since the latter two are absorbed for photosynthesis in the overhead leaves(reviewed in Pierik and Ballaré,2021).plants can respond to blue light depletion,especially when integrating it with signaling of FR enrichment in Arabidopsis(de Wit et al.,2016).

关键词： depletion soybean breakthrough

Heavy soil drying during mid-to-late grain filling stage of the main crop to reduce yield loss of the ratoon crop in a mechanized rice ratooning system

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The Crop Journal 2022年第1期10卷 280-285页

作者： Chang Zheng Yuechao Wang Shen Yuan Sen Xiao Yating Sun Jianliang Huang Shaobing Peng National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryMARA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze RiverCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070HubeiChina

Yield loss(Y_(Loss)) in the ratoon crop due to crushing damage to left stubble from mechanical harvesting of the main crop is a constraint for wide adoption of mechanized rice ratooning technology.Soil drying before the harvest of the main crop has been proposed to overcome this problem.The objective of this study was to determine the effect of soil drying during the mid-to-late grain filling stage of the main crop on grain yield of the ratoon crop in a mechanized rice ratooning system.Field experiments were conducted to compare Y_(Loss) between light(LD) and heavy(HD) soil drying treatments in Hubei province,central China in 2017 and 2018.Y_(Loss) was calculated as the percentage of yield reduction in the ratoon crop with the main crop harvested mechanically,relative to the grain yield of the ratoon crop with the main crop harvested manually.In comparison with LD,soil hardness was increased by 42.8%-84.7% in HD at the 5-20 cm soil depth at maturity of the main crop.Soil hardness at 5 and 10 cm depths reached respectively 4.05 and 7.07 kg cm^(-2) in HD.Soil drying treatment did not significantly affect the grain yield of the main crop.Under mechanical harvesting of the main crop,HD increased the grain yield of the ratoon crop by 9.4% relative to LD.Consequently,Y_(Loss) was only 3.4% in HD,in contrast to 16.3% in LD.The differences in grain yield and Y_(Loos) between the two soil drying treatments were explained mainly by panicles m^(-2),which was increased significantly by HD in the track zone of the ratoon crop compared with LD.These results suggest that heavy soil drying practice during the mid-to-late grain filling stage of the main crop is effective for reducing Y_(Loss) of the ratoon crop in a mechanized rice ratooning system.

关键词： Crushing damage Mechanical harvesting Ratoon rice Soil drying Yield loss

Sustainability of the rice-crayfish farming model in waterlogged land:A case study in Qianjiang County, Hubei Province, China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第4期21卷 1203-1214页

作者： YUAN Peng-li WANG Jin-ping GUO Can GUO Zi-yuan GUO Yao CAO Cou-gui Laboratory of Crop ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of Yangtze River College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070P.R.China Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry Yangtze UniversityJingzhou 434023P.R.China

The rice-crayfish farming model has been rapidly developed and become an economically viable method to supply food in China in recent years.However,its environmental and economic sustainability has not been thoroughly investigated.This study uses a survey in 2016 and a field experiment in 2017 in Qianjiang,Hubei Province,China to assess the relative economics of concurrent rice-wheat(RW),rice-crayfish(RC),and crayfish monoculture(CM)models in waterlogged land areas.Thefield survey indicated that the RC model had a higher benefit-cost ratio(3.5:1)than the RW(2.0:1)and CM(3.1:1)models and the RC model protected farmers’enthusiasm for grain production facing unfavourable weather conditions.The field experiment aimed to explore nitrogen management strategies in RC fields.In the experiment,four levels of nitrogen concentration gradient-0 kg N ha^(-1)(0 N),75 kg N ha^(-1)(75 N),150 kg N ha^(-1)(150 N)and 225 kg N ha^(-1)(225 N),were set in a 2-year-old rice-crayfish(RC2)field,an 8-year-old rice-crayfish(RC8)field,and a RWfield as a control.Thefield experiment results suggested that the peak rice yield in RW,RC2,and RC8 occurred when 225 N,150 N and 75 N were used,respectively.In RC2 and RC8,however,residual feed-nitrogen that was not used by crayfish was utilized by rice plants.Thus,an optimal amount of nitrogen in RCfields was proposed to improve the nitrogen use efficiency and reduce environmental pollution by nitrogen fertilizer.Farmers use less nitrogen but have higher net income in RC than in RW and CM.It is necessary to sustainably develop integrated farming technologies(i.e.,properfield configurations for ricefields)to effectively sustain rice production.The results also showed that the RC farming model was a viable diversification option for rice farmers in waterlogged land.

关键词： rice–crayfish benefit-cost ratio lodging nitrogen application

Border effects of the main and ratoon crops in the rice ratooning system

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第1期22卷 80-91页

作者： ZHENG Chang WANG Yue-chao XU Wen-ba YANG De-sheng YANG Guo-dong YANG Chen HUANG Jian-liang PENG Shao-bing National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Hubei Hongshan Laboratory/MARA Key Laboratory of Crop ecophysiology and Farming Systems in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/College of plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070P.R.China

The border effect(BE)is widely observed in crop field experiments,and it has been extensively studied in many crops.However,only limited attention has been paid to the BE of ratoon rice.We conducted field experiments on ratoon rice in Qichun County,Hubei Province,Central China in 2018 and 2019 to compare the BE in the main and ratoon crops,and to quantify the contribution of BE in the main crop to that in the ratoon crop.The BE of two hybrid varieties was measured for the outermost,second outermost,and third outermost rows in each plot of both crops.To determine the contribution of BE between the two crops,portions of hills in the outermost and second outermost rows were uprooted during the harvest of the main crop so that the second and third outermost rows then became the outermost rows in the ratoon crop.Overall,the BE on grain yield was greater in the main crop than in the ratoon crop.In the main crop,the BE on grain yield was 98.3%in the outermost row,which was explained by the BE on panicles m^(–2),spikelets/panicle,spikelets m^(–2),and total dry weight.In the ratoon crop,the BE on grain yield was reduced to 60.9 and 27.6%with and without the contribution of the BE in the main crop,respectively.Consequently,55.1%of the BE on grain yield in the ratoon crop was contributed from the main crop.High stubble dry weight and non-structural carbohydrate(NSC)accumulation at the harvest of the main crop were responsible for the contribution of BE in the main crop to that in the ratoon crop.Our results suggest that increases in stubble dry weight and NSC accumulation at the harvest of the main crop could be important strategies for developing high-yielding cropping practices in the rice ratooning system.

关键词： border effect grain yield non-structural carbohydrate ratoon rice

Feasibility of Improving Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based Seeding Efficiency by Using Rice Varieties with Low Seed Weight

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Rice science 2022年第4期29卷 299-303页

作者： WANG Xinyu YANG Guodong PAN Xiangcheng XIANG Hongshun PENG Shaobing XU Le National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Hubei Hongshan Laboratory/MARA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China

Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)has offered a promising platform for rice direct seeding that can substantially reduce labor input in the crop establishment process.However,the insufficient payload capacity of UAV-based seeders is currently limiting its intensive and large-scale use for rice direct seeding.This study indicated a large variation in seed weight across varieties,ranging from 15.0 to 36.5 mg and 14.0 to 31.3 mg for inbred and hybrid varieties,respectively,with average seed weights of 25.3 mg for inbred and 24.7 mg for hybrid varieties.Seed weights of 160 out of 4106 inbred varieties and 17 out of 311 hybrid varieties ranged from 15.0 to 20.0 mg.

关键词： varieties weights payload

Grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of an ultrashort-duration variety grown under different nitrogen and seeding rates in direct-seeded and double-season rice in Central China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第4期22卷 1009-1020页

作者： WANG Xin-yu YANG Guo-dong XU Le XIANG Hong-shun YANG Chen WANG Fei PENG Shao-bing National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Hubei Hongshan Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Crop ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070P.R.China

Nitrogen(N) and seeding rates are important factors affecting grain yield and N use efficiency(NUE) in directseeded rice. However, these factors have not been adequately investigated on direct-seeded and double-season rice(DDR) in Central China. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of various N and seeding rates on the grain yield and NUE of an ultrashort-duration variety grown under DDR. Field experiments were conducted in 2018 in Wuxue County and 2019 in Qichun County, Hubei Province, China with four N rates and three seeding rates.The results showed that the grain yield of the ultrashort-duration variety ranged from 6.32 to 8.23 t ha–1with a total growth duration of 85 to 97 days across all treatments with N application. Grain yield was increased significantly by N application in most cases, but seeding rate had an inconsistent effect on grain yield. Furthermore, the response of grain yield to the N rates was much higher than the response to seeding rates. The moderate N rates of 100–150 and 70–120 kg N ha–1in the early and late seasons, respectively, could fully express the yield potential of the ultrashort-duration variety grown under DDR. Remarkably higher N responses and agronomic NUE levels were achieved in the early-season rice compared with the late-season rice due to the difference in indigenous soil N supply capacity(INS) between the two seasons. Seasonal differences in INS and N response should be considered when crop management practices are optimized for achieving high grain yield and NUE in ultrashort-duration variety grown under DDR.

关键词： direct-seeded and double-season rice grain yield nitrogen rate nitrogen use efficiency seeding rate

Grain yield and lodging-related traits of ultrashort-duration varieties for direct-seeded and double-season rice in Central China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第10期21卷 2888-2899页

作者： WANG Xin-yu XU Le LI Xiao-xiao YANG Guo-dong WANG Fei PENG Shao-bing National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Hubei Hongshan Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Crop ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070P.R.China

Lodging is the most common constraint on grain yield of direct-seeded rice.There is limited information about lodging resistance and its related plant traits in direct-seeded and double-season rice(DDR)in Central China.This study aims to identify the plant traits that achieve high lodging resistance in ultrashort-duration varieties(about 95 days)of DDR.Field experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 in Wuxue County,Hubei Province,China,with four ultrashort-duration varieties grown under two nitrogen(N)rates.Lodging-related traits were measured on the 15 th day after heading,and yield and yield attributes were measured at maturity.The grain yield of the four varieties ranged from 4.59 to 7.61 t ha^(-1)across the two N rates,with a total growth duration of 85 to 97 days.Varietal differences in lodging index were mainly explained by the bending moment,which was closely related to plant height.Breaking resistance did not affect the lodging index significantly.Shortening plant height from 95.4 to 80.5 cm decreased the lodging index by 22.4%but did not reduce grain yield.Our results suggested that reducing plant height was effective in improving the lodging resistance of ultrashort-duration varieties of DDR.Lodging resistance should be enhanced by improving breaking resistance rather than reducing plant height to increase DDR grain yield further.

关键词： direct seeding double-season rice lodging plant height ultrashort growth duration