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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2013年第4期3卷 281-289页

作者： Krystyna Zarzyfiska Marianna Szutkowska plant breeding and acclimatization institute-ihar-pib Potato Agronomy Department Jadwisin' 05-140 Serock Poland

In the years 2008-2010, an experiment was conducted Phytophthora infestans under organic and conventional production on four potato cultivars differing in maturity and resistance to systems. During the growing season, plant growth was evaluated by measuring plant height, stem number, leaf and stem biomass and leaf area index （LAI）. Photosynthetic active radiation （PAR） absorption and leaf chlorophyll content were also measured. The rate of late blight development, tuber yield, tuber size, and harvest index was assessed. There were significant differences between the two production systems in the most studied parameters. plants growing in the organic system were characterized by reduced plant development compared to plants growing in the conventional system. As a result of lower plant growth, tuber yield was reduced by 22% and tuber size was smaller. Harvest index did not differ significantly between production systems. A positive effect of the reduced development of aboveground plant parts in the organic system was later appearance of the first symptoms of late blight and slower spread the disease.

关键词： Potato organic production conventional production aboveground biomass tuber yield late blight

Assessment of genetic effects on important breeding traits in reciprocal DH populations of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第1期17卷 76-85页

作者： Laurencja Szala Teresa Cegielska-Taras Elzbieta Adamska Zygmunt Kaczmarek plant breeding and acclimatization institute National Research Institute Poznan 60-479 Poland institute of plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences Poznan 60-479 Poland

Here we present a study on the genetic effects of agronomic and seed quality traits in double haploid （DH） populations, which were developed by microspore culture from reciprocal F1 hybrids produced between cultivar Californium and DH W-15. Each of the populations consisted of 25 DH lines. The field experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during three growing seasons. Field observations were recorded on seed yield and its structure： the number of branches and pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, the 1 000-seed weight, the content of fat in the seeds, and three unsaturated fatty acids （oleic, linoleic, linolenic） in the seed oil. In order to investigate the influence of cross direction on the studied traits, parental effects were evaluated on the basis of differences between reciprocal DH populations. The maternal effect was revealed on the number of seeds per pod and the effect of the paternal form on linolenic acid content. The occurrence of transgression effects also depended on the direction of crossing and this was particularly noticeable in terms of the number of seeds per pod. The use of multivariate statistical methods allowed for the simultaneous characterization and grouping of tested lines in terms of several traits. Graphic images of the distribution of DH lines in the space of the two first canonical variates showed a great variation between the two reciprocal populations, both in terms of yield and its components, as well as fat and those unsaturated fatty acids.

关键词： DH line reciprocal cross oilseed rape multivariate analysis transgression

Efficiency of LED lamps used in cereal crop breeding greenhouses

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2022年第2期15卷 75-83页

作者： Piotr Stefański Patrycja Siedlarz-Słowacka Przemysław Matysik Krystyna Rybka plant breeding Strzelce Ltd.Co. ul.Główna 2099-307 StrzelcePoland plant breeding and acclimatization institute-National Research institute 05-870 RadzikówPoland

LED lamps,which are becoming prevalent in horticulture,are also being installed in greenhouses dedicated to cereal crop ***,the issue arises with the real efficiency of LED *** high-budget programs,the smaller breeding companies in Poland face problems concerning the plant growth under LED lamps and the real costs of their *** experiment was conducted to compare seven different LED lamps and a high-intensity discharge(HID)lamp with a high-pressure sodium lamp(HPS)used as a *** studies,two varieties of wheat,barley,and oat species were *** plants’growth rate was assessed based on elongation growth and earing ***’physiological conditions were evaluated using chlorophyll a(Chl a)fluorescence measured on dark-adapted *** light spectra and intensities of tested lamps in parallel with electricity consumption were also *** results showed that 1)LEDs’physical properties and luminaire construction influence the amount of electricity consumed;2)the cereal crop species differ in lighting *** less light-sensitive was oat opposite barley,with wheat of moderate sensitivity;3)LED-6 lamp(plantaLux S.A,Lublin,Poland)based on white diodes enriched by blue ones was the most cost-efficient and most optimal for studied species.

关键词： greenhouse light-emitting diodes cost-effectiveness cereal Triticum aestivum Hordeum vulgare Avena sativa

Usefulness of LED lightings in cereal breeding on example of wheat,barley and oat seedlings

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2019年第6期12卷 32-37页

作者： Piotr Stefański Patrycja Siedlarz Przemysław Matysik Krystyna Rybka plant breeding Strzelce Ltd.Co. ul.Główna 2099-307 StrzelcePoland plant breeding and acclimatization institute-National Research institute 05-870 RadzikówPoland

The LED lightings in horticulture are becoming prevalent,due to their physical properties allowing reduction of electricity consumption and on modulation of light spectrum and *** present,LED lightings are not widely used by cereal breeding companies despite the fact that use of greenhouses is very *** is why,the present experiment was run to show the evidence of LED lightings usefulness in a cereal crops breeding *** wheat(Triticum aestivum,L.),spring barley(Hordeum vulgare,L.)and oat(Avena sativa,L.),one cultivar of each species,were used for the 9 week trial conducted in a greenhouse with strictly controlled temperature(22℃)and humidity(80%).As a light source,4 LED illuminators along with a high-pressure sodium and xenon lamps and a natural sunlight in non-shadowed area of the same greenhouse were *** illuminators were characterized by relatively high ratio of blue/red radiation(0.6-1.3)to force the stem shortening,since cereal seedlings with such a growth habit are preferred in greenhouse cultivation of *** was evidenced,that LED illuminators provided light suitable for cereals growth in a greenhouse,however each species had slightly different optimal light *** wheat and barley the best impact on stem shortening and also on time to heading had a LED illuminator with high multi wave-blue radiation whereas on the leaves width the illuminator with lowest blue/red *** oat seedlings a light source with highest light intensity and highest blue/red ratio seemed to be the most *** much differences in seedlings growth and time to heading suggested that there is a chance for construction of one universal type of LED illuminator designed for greenhouse stages of cereal crops breeding.

关键词： greenhouse light emitting diodes cost-effectiveness Triticum aestivum Hordeum vulgare Avena sativa

The Impact of High Temperature during Growing Season on Potato Cultivars with Different Response to Environmental Stresses

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American Journal of plant Sciences 2013年第12期4卷 2386-2393页

作者： Krystyna Rykaczewska Department of Potato Agronomy Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—NRI Serock Poland

Potato crop is the fourth main food crops in the world after maize, rice and wheat. It is characterized by specific temperature requirements and develops best at about 20°C. Forecasts of global warming prompt us to study the tolerance of potato genotypes to heat during the growing season. The aim of this work was to assess the response of chosen potato cultivars to high temperature during the different stages of plant growth under conditions of good soil moisture and drought. The impact of high temperature 32°C/25°C on potato plants was determined in pot experiment in three growth stages. A main measure of tolerance of the potato cultivars to high temperature during the growing season was an evaluation of the yield in relation to the Control combination. Here we demonstrated that tested potato cultivar’s response to high temperature during the growing season is dependent on the growth stage. The earlier it occurs, the more negative its impact on the growth and yield of potatoes is.

关键词： Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) Heat Stress during Growing Period Drought Tuber Yield Physiological Defects of Tubers

Relations between Site Conditions and Endophyte Colonization of Grasses in Poland

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Journal of Life Sciences 2011年第10期5卷 831-837页

作者： Barbara Wiewiora Grzegorz Zurek Maria Pronczuk Monika Zurek Jan Schmidt Department of Seed Science and Technology Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute Radzikow Btonie 05-870 Poland Department of Grasses Legumes and Energy Plants Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute Radzikow Btonie 05-870 Poland Department of plant breeding and Genetics Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute Radzikow Btonie 05-870 Poland National Centre for plant Genetic Resources Botanical Garden Bydgoszcz 85-687 Poland

The most important and valuable grass species in Polish grassland swards are known to host symptomless endophytic fungi, from Neotyphodium genera. For agricultural practice, endophyte-plant symbiosis is both positive and negative. Endophyte-infected grasses express range of adaptations to abiotic and biotic stress. However, in certain circumstances endophytes may produce toxic alkaloids that have been linked with animal production and health problems. Intensive research towards identification of endophyte fungi growing symptomless in grasses of semi-natural grasslands was undertaken in Poland. The aims of our studies were to discover endophytes distribution across country with relation to site conditions and few climatic factors. Endophytes were found not to be very frequent, but distributed rather evenly across explored regions. Endophyte fungi were found the most frequently in meadow fescue （Festucapratensis Huds.） plants, which is common fact, as contrary to presence of endophyte hyphae in tufted hairgrass （Deschampsia cespitosa UP.B） and smooth-stalked meadow grass （Poa pratensis L.）. Presence of endophytes in explored regions was related to average longitude of collection site （0.63^＊＊） and number of sunshine hours per year （-0.70^＊＊）. Intensity ofendophyte colonization was related to yearly mean air temperature （-0.69^＊＊） and to the length of winter （0.80^＊＊）. Presence of endophytes was not related to intensity of colonization. The selective pressure of usage intensity towards more frequent endophyte colonization was not confirmed.

关键词： Agro-climatic districts endophyte grass Neotyphodium usage intensity.

IPM Strategies and Their Dilemmas Including an Introduction to www. ***

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第2期13卷 265-281页

作者： Lise Nistrup Jφrgensen Mogens Stφvring Hovmφller Jens Grφnbk Hansen Poul Lassen Bill Clark Rosemary Bayles Bernd Rodemann Kerstin Flath Margot Jahn Tomas Goral Jerzy Czembor J Philip Cheyron Claude Maumene Claude De Pope Rita Ban Ghita Cordsen Nielsen Gunilla Berg Depar tment of Agroecology Aarhus UniversityFlakkebjergFors?gsvej 1Slagelse 4200Denmark Aarhus University FoulumBlichers Allé 20Tjele 8830Denmark NIAB/TAG Huntingdon RoadCambridge CB3 0LEUnited Kingdom Julius Kuehn institute Messerweg 11Braunsweig 38104Germany Julius Kuehn institute Stahndorfer Damm 81Kleinmachnow14532Germany plant breeding and acclimatization institute IHAR-PIB RadzikowBlonie 05-870Poland Arvalis du Vegetal Boigneville 91720France Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Thiverval Grinon 78850France Szent István University Pater K.Street 1Godollo 2100Hungary Knowledge Centre for Agriculture SkejbyAarhus N 8200Denmark Swedish Board of Agriculture Plant Protection CentreAlnarp 23053Sweden

Information about disease management in winter wheat （Triticum aestiva） in eight European countries was collated and analysed by scientists and extension workers within the European Network for the Durable Exploitation of Crop Protection Strategies （ENDURE）. This included information about specific disease thresholds, decision support systems, host varieties, disease prevalence and pathogen virulence. Major differences in disease prevalence and economic importance were observed. Septoria tritici blotch （Mycosphaerella graminicola） was recognized as the most yield reducing disease in countries with intensive wheat production, but also rust diseases （Puccinia striiformis and Puccinia triticina）, powdery mildew （Blumeria graminis） and Fusarium head blight （Fusarium spp.） were seen as serious disease problems. Examples of current integrated pest management （IPM） strategies in different countries have been reported. Disease management and fungicide use patterns showed major differences, with an average input equivalent to 2.3 full dose rates （TFI） in the UK and a TFI of 0.6 in Denmark. These differences are most likely due to a combination of different cropping systems, climatic differences, disease prevalence, and socio-economic factors. The web based information platform *** was used for dissemination of information and results including information on control thresholds, cultural practices which can influence disease attack, fungicide efficacy, fungicide resistance, and pathogen virulence, which are all elements supporting 1PM for disease control in wheat. The platform is open to all users. The target groups of EuroWheat information are researchers, advisors, breeders, and similar partners dealing with disease management in wheat.

关键词： winter wheat IPM fungicides diseases cultural methods

Chemical Composition of Potato Tubers in Relation to Crop Production System and Environmental Conditions

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2013年第10期3卷 689-695页

作者： Krystyna Zarzynska plant breeding and acclimatization institute National Research Institute Potato Agronomy Department Jadw&in Serock 05-140Poland

In the years 2008-2010, a study on the quality of tubers grown in the two crop production systems, i.e., organic and integrated in two locations： Jadwisin--Central and Osiny--South-Eastern of Poland were conducted. The influence of such factors as the crop production system （organic and integrated）, the place of production （soil quality）, variety and years of research on the chemical composition, i.e., tuber dry matter, starch, vitamin C, nitrates and glycoalkaloids were tested. It has been found that the greatest impact on the chemical composition of tubers had the climatic conditions during the growing season and genotype. They affected the contents of all tested components. The place of production affected the contents of dry matter, starch, vitamin C and nitrates. This factor had no effect on the content of glycoalkaloids. The least effect on the chemical tubers composition was in crop production system. It only affected the contents of dry matter, starch and vitamin C. There was no significant effect of this factor on the nitrate and glycoalkaloids content.

关键词： Potato tuber chemical composition crop production system cultivar.

The Effect of Fusarium Inoculation and Fungicide Application on Concentrations of Flavonoids(Apigenin,Kaempferol,Luteolin,Naringenin,Quercetin,Rutin,Vitexin)in Winter Wheat Cultivars

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American Journal of plant Sciences 2014年第25期5卷 3727-3736页

作者： Maciej Busko Tomasz Goral Anna Ostrowska Anna Matysiak Dorota Walentyn-Goral Juliusz Perkowski Department of Chemistry Poznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland Department of plant Pathology Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—NRIBloniePoland

Grain of 30 winter wheat cultivars was screened for the content of seven flavonoids (apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, naringenin, quercetin, rutin, vitexin). In total, 90 samples were analyzed, belonging to three combinations: the control, samples inoculated with Fusarium culmorum, and samples inoculated with Fusarium culmorum and protected with fungicides (Prosaro, Topsin M). Analyzed flavonoids were detected in all tested samples. The highest concentrations were recorded for quercetin (512.9 mg/kg) and luteolin (458.4 mg/kg). Concentration of all compounds was the highest in the inoculated samples, while in the control and in the inoculated samples treated with fungicides their contents were significantly lower and similar, as confirmed by the statistical analysis conducted by multivariate methods. In most cases, significant correlations were obtained between individual flavonoids. Such correlations were observed for all flavonoids in samples covering all the three variants and almost all flavonoids in the inoculated samples. The lowest number of correlations was recorded for samples treated with fungicides.

关键词： Winter Wheat Flavonoids Fusarium Head Blight Inoculation Prothioconazole Thiophanate Methyl

Purified Wheat Gliadin Proteins as Immunoglobulin E Binding Factors in Wheat Mediated Allergies

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American Journal of plant Sciences 2011年第3期2卷 476-483页

作者： Jacek Waga Krystyna Obtulowicz Jerzy Zientarski Ewa Czarnobilska Andrzej Skoczowski Cereals Department Plant Breeding and Acclimatization InstituteKrakowPoland Department of Clinical and Environmental Allergology Collegium Medicum Jagiellonian UniversityKrakowPoland institute of Biology Pedagogical UniversityKrakowPoland

Some wheat gliadin proteins are strong allergens that may cause various symptoms of food allergies and baker’s asthma. The most immunoreactive ω-5 gliadin fractions are the main allergens in wheat dependent exercise induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA). While the allergenicity of ω-5 is quite well understood, knowledge about α, β, γ and ω-1.2 gliadins is much more scanty. This study examines allergenic properties of other fractions as compared to ω-5. Gliadins were extracted from flour of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Ostka strzelecka. Purified samples representing proteins belonging to α, β, γ, ω-1.2 and ω-5 classes were isolated using preparative gel electrophoresis. Immuno-reactivity and allergenic properties of these proteins were analyzed by ELISA using sera from allergic patients with elevated sIgE (> 2KU/L), and by skin prick test (SPT). ELISA showed that ω-5 and ω-1.2 differed considerabely from α-, β- and γ-gliadins in respect of immunoreactivity. Responses of both ω-gliadins were almost twice as high as for other fractions. Significant differences were also observed among individual ω-gliadin fractions as evidenced by ANOVA. SPT showed that patient with symptoms of baker’s asthma and WDEIA had a positive results to all gliadins tested. Another patient with baker’s asthma (but not WDEIA) reacted positively only to ω-5 gliadins. In two patients with skin allergy SPT were negative with all analyzed proteins. Results show ω-1.2 gliadins to be almost as immunorective as ω-5. The α-, β- and γ-gliadins also recognize specific IgE antibodies, but their binding capacity is only about half that of ω-fractions. This kind of immunoreactivity could still be important since a cumulative effect of individual fractions may intensify disease symptoms in allergic patients.

关键词： Allergies Gliadins Immunoreactivity Preparative A-PAGE Wheat