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RLS3, a protein with AAA+ domain localized in chloroplast, sustains leaf longevity in rice

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2016年第12期58卷 971-982页

作者： Yanhui Lin Lubin Tan Lei Zhao Xianyou Sun Chuanqing Sun State Key Laboratory of plant Physiology and Biochemistry National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice) MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding China Agricultural University

Leaf senescence plays an important role in crop developmental processes that dramatically affect crop yield and grain quality. The genetic regulation of leaf senescence is complex, involving many metabolic and signaling pathways. Here, we identified a rapid leaf senescence 3 （rls3） mutant that displayed accelerated leaf senescence, shorter plant height and panicle length, and lower seed set rate than the wild type. Map-based cloning revealed that RLS3 encodes a protein with AAA＋ domain, localizing it to chloroplasts. Sequence analysis found that the rls3 8ene had a single-nucleotide substitution （G--~A） at the splice site of the Ioth intron/11th exon, resulting in the cleavage of the first nucleotide in 11th exon and premature termination of P, LS3 protein translation. Using transmission electron microscope, the chloroplasts of the rls3 mutant were observed to degrade much faster than those of the wild type. The investigation of the leaf senescence process under dark incubation conditions further revealed that the rls3 mutant displayed rapid leaf senescence. Thus, the RLS3 gene plays key roles in sustaining the normal growth of rice, while loss of function in RLS3 leads to rapid leaf senescence. The identification of RLS3 will be helpful to elucidate the mechanisms involved in leaf senescence in rice.

关键词： AAA+ domain rapid leaf senescence rice RLS3

The Relationship Between Developmental Accumulation of Leaf Soluble Proteins and Vernalization Response of Wheat(Triticum aestivum ***. Thell)

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2009年第4期8卷 410-417页

作者： M Majdi G Karimzadeh S Mahfoozi plant breeding and Biotechnology department Faculty of AgricultureTarbiat Modares UniversityP.O.Box 14115-336Tehran ***Iran Physiology-Agronomy Unit of department of Cereals Research Seed and Plant Improvement InstituteKaraj 315854119Iran

The relationship between vernalization requirement and quantitative and qualitative changes in total leaf soluble proteins were determined in one spring （cv. Kohdasht） and two winter （cvs. Sardari and Norstar） cultivars of wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） exposed to 4℃. plants were sampled on days 2, 14, 21 and 35 of exposure to 4℃. The final leaf number （FLN） was determined throughout the vernalization periods （0, 7, 14, 24, and 35 d） at 4℃. The final leaf number decreased until days 24 and 35 in Sardari and Norstar eultivars, respectively, indicating the vernalization saturation at these times. No clear changes were detected in the final leaf number of Kohdash cultivar, verifying no vernalization requirement for this spring wheat cultivar. Comparing with control, clear cold-induced 2-fold increases in proteins quantity occurred after 48 h following the 4℃-treatment in the leaves of the both winter wheat cultivars but, such response was not detected in the spring cultivar. However, the electrophoretic protein patterns showed between-cultivar and between-temperature treatment differences. With increasing exposure time to 4℃, the winter cultivars tended to produce more HMW polypeptides than the spring cultivar. Similar proteins were induced in both Sardari and Norstar winter wheat cultivars, however, the long vernalization requirement in Norstar resulted in high level and longer duration of expression of cold-induced proteins compared to Sardari with a short vernalization requirement. These observations indicate that vernalization response regulates the expression of low temperature （LT） tolerance proteins and determines the duration of expression of LT- induced proteins.

关键词： soluble proteins wheat Triticum aestivum L. final leaf number vernalization cold

Combining QTL mapping and expression profile analysis to identify candidate genes of cold tolerance from Dongxiang common wild rice(Oryza rufipogon Griff.)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第9期15卷 1933-1943页

作者： ZHAO Jie QIN Jing-jing SONG Qian SUN Chuan-qing LIU Feng-xia State Key Laboratory of plant Physiology and Biochemistry National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding China Agricultural University

Rice（Oryza sativa L.）, a tropical and subtropical crop, is susceptible to low temperature stress during seedling, booting, and flowering stages, which leads to lower grain quality levels and decreasing rice yields. Cold tolerance is affected by multiple genetic factors in rice, and the complex genetic mechanisms associated with chilling stress tolerance remain unclear. Here, we detected seven quantitative trait loci（QTLs） for cold tolerance at booting stage and identified one cold tolerant line, SIL157, in an introgression line population derived from a cross between the indica variety Guichao 2, as the recipient, and Dongxiang common wild rice, as the donor. When compared with Guichao 2, SIL157 showed a stronger cold tolerance during different growth stages. Through an integrated strategy that combined QTL-mapping with expression profile analysis, six candidate genes, which were up-regulated under chilling stress at the seedling and booting developmental stages, were studied. The results may help in understanding cold tolerance mechanisms and in using beneficial alleles from wild rice to improve the cold tolerance of rice cultivars through molecular marker-assisted selection.

关键词： common wild rice introgression line low temperature tolerance different growth stages candidate genes

Screening Landraces for Additional Sources of Field Resistance to Cassava Mosaic Disease and Green Mite for Integration into the Cassava Improvement Program

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2008年第3期50卷 311-318页

作者： Adebola Raji Oluseyi Ladeinde Alfred Dixon Root and Tuber Program International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan Nigeria department of plant breeding and Seed Technology University of Agriculture Abeokuta Nigeria

Twelve cassava landraces were evaluated for sources of resistance genes to diseases and pests of major economic importance in Africa. The objective was to assess their levels of field resistance to mosaic disease （ACMD）, bacterial blight （CBB）, anthracnose （CAD）, and green mite （CGM）, compared to TMS30572, an elite cultivar widely adopted in Africa. Considerable genotypic variation was observed among cultivars for resistance to ACMD and CGM but not for CBB and CAD. The lowest mean incidence of 12% and severity of 1.8 on a scale of 1-5 for ACMD was recorded for Atu, a landrace with farmer acceptable qualities. In comparison, the improved cultivar, TMS 30572, had a mean disease incidence of 72% and a severity score of 2.8. Another landrace, MS-20 had the lowest CGM damage score （2.1） while TMS 30572 emerged as one of the susceptible cultivars with a damage score of 3. Additional sources of resistance to ACMD and CGM that may possibly be better than the popular improved cultivar, TMS 30572, were identified in this study. These could serve as novel sources of additional genes to complement existing resources for elite cassava breeding in Africa.

关键词： anthracnose bacterial blight green mite landraces mosaic disease resistance

Use of Selection Indices Based on Multivariate Analysis for Improving Grain Yield in Rice

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Rice science 2008年第4期15卷 303-310页

作者： Hossein SABOURI Babak RABIEI Maryam FAZLALIPOUR department of plant Production Gonbad High Education Center Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources department of Agronomy and plant breeding Giulan University

In order to study selection indices for improving rice grain yield, a cross was made between an Iranian traditional rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety, Tarommahalli and an improved indica rice variety, Khazar in 2006. The traits of the parents (30 plants), F1 (30 plants) and F2 generations (492 individuals) were evaluated at the Rice Research Institute of Iran (RRII) during 2007. Heritabilities of the number of panicles per plant, plant height, days to heading and panicle exsertion were greater than that of grain yield. The selection indices were developed using the results of multivariate analysis. To evaluate selection strategies to maximize grain yield, 14 selection indices were calculated based on two methods (optimum and base) and combinations of 12 traits with various economic weights. Results of selection indices showed that selection for grain weight, number of panicles per plant and panicle length by using their phenotypic and/or genotypic direct effects (path coefficient) as economic weights should serve as an effective selection criterion for using either the optimum or base index.

关键词： rice (Oryza sativa) optimum index base index path analysis heritability grain yield selection index

Mapping of QTLs for Germination Characteristics under Non-stress and Drought Stress in Rice

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Rice science 2013年第6期20卷 391-399页

作者： Zahra MARDANI Babak RABIEI Hossein SABOURI Atefeh SABOURI department of Agronomy and plant breeding Faculty of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Guilan department of plant Production Faculty of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesGonbad Kavous University

Identification of genetic factors controlling traits associated with seed germination under drought stress conditions, leads to identification and development of drought tolerant varieties. Present study by using a population of F2：, derived from a cross between a drought tolerant variety, Gharib （indica） and a drought sensitive variety, Sepidroud （indica）, is to identify and compare QTLs associated with germination traits under drought stress and non-stress conditions. Through QTL analysis, using composite interval mapping, regarding traits such as germination rate （GR）, germination percentage （GP）, radicle length （RL）, plumule length （PL）, coleorhiza length （COL） and coleoptile length （CL）, totally 13 QTLs were detected under pole drought stress （-8 MPa poly ethylene glycol 6000） and 9 QTLs under non-stress conditions. Of the QTLs identified under non-stress conditions, QTLs associated with COL （qCOL-5） and GR （qGR-1） explained 21.28% and 19.73% of the total phenotypic variations, respectively Under drought stress conditions, QTLs associated with COL （qCOL-3） and PL （qPL-5） explained 18.34% and 18.22% of the total phenotypic variations, respectively. A few drought-tolerance-related QTLs identified in previous studies are near the QTLs detected in this study, and several QTLs in this study are novel alleles. The major QTLs like qGR-1, qGP-4, qRL-12 and qCL-4 identified in both conditions for traits GR, GP, RL and CL, respectively, should be considered as the important and stable trait-controlling QTLs in rice seed germination. Those major or minor QTLs could be used to significantly improve drought tolerance by marker-assisted selection in rice.

关键词： rice drought stress seed germination quantitative trait locus

Grapevine Phenological Quantitative Trait SSR Genotyping Using High-Throughput HRM-PCR Analysis

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2020年第4期89卷 905-923页

作者： Murad Awad Photini V.Mylona Alexios N.Polidoros Laboratory of Genetics and plant breeding Faculty of AgricultureForestry and Natural EnvironmentAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki54124Greece Institute of plant breeding&Genetic Resources HAO-DEMETERThermi57001Greece

Discrimination among grapevine varieties based on quantitative traits,such as flowering,veraison and ripening dates is crucial for variety selection in the context of climate change and in breeding *** traits are under complex genetic control for which 6 linked SSR loci(VVS2,VVIn16,VMC7G3,VrZAG29,VMC5G7,and VVIB23)have been *** these markers in HRM-PCR analysis,we assessed genetic diversity among a large collection of 192 grapevine *** grapevine germplasm used encompasses the majority of Greek vineyard with 181 varieties,3 prominent foreign varieties and 11 varieties of Palestinian *** SSR markers used were highly polymorphic,displaying unique melting curves for unusually higher number of samples than generally observed in SSR *** prompted us to examine sequence composition for selected samples and found that variation present as SNPs in the flanking sequences of SSR motifs was responsible for the observed ***,HRM-PCR proved to be a tool of higher analytical power to distinguish genotypes surpassing the discrimination power of conventional gel-based SSR *** study provides a better understanding of genetic variation of SSR marker loci associated to phenological traits in grapevine varieties,signifying an analytical methodology that may be of higher discrimination power in detection of polymorphism for utilization in breeding programs.

关键词： Vitis vinifera L phenological QTLs microsatellites genotyping High-resolution melting

Go green with plant organelle genome editing

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Molecular plant 2021年第9期14卷 1415-1417页

作者： Hongwoo Lee Cheljong Hong Jaewoong Hwang Pil Joon Seo department of Chemistry Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea plant Genomics and breeding Institute Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

Programmable genome-editing technologies that enable efficient and precise genetic manipulation at targeted genomic regions,in eluding zinc fin ger nucleases,tran scripti on activator-like effector nu cleases(TALENs),and clustered regularly in terspaced short palindromic repeat(CRISPR)systems,have become invaluable tools for plant biotech no logy and precision breedi ng(Sedeek et al.,2019).Genome-editing systems have been utilized in a variety of plant species to characterize nuclear gene functions and improve agricultural traits,such as crop yields,nutritional values,and biotic and abiotic stress toleranee(Sedeek et al„2019).

关键词： plant organelle traits

Evaluation of seed quality and oil parameters in native Iranian almond(Prunus ***.) species

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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第1期26卷 115-122页

作者： Soghra Kiani Shakiba Rajabpoor Karim Sorkheh Sezai Ercisli department of Agriculture Payame Noor University department of Biology Payame Noor University department of Agronomy and plant breeding Faculty of Agriculture Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz department of Horticulture Agricultural FacultyAtaturk University

We assessed chemical composition and variation in oil content and seed weight of 40 wild-growing almonds（Prunus L. spp.） accessions collected from different parts of Iran. There were significant differences in kernel weight and oil parameters. Accessions ranged from0.20 to 1.5 g in kernel weight, 0.2–3.0 mm in shell thickness, and 16–55 % in oil content. The predominant vegetable oil components of kernels were 4.6–9.5 % palmitic acid, 0.4–0.8 % palmitoleic acid, 1.0–3.4 % stearic acid,48.8–88.4 % oleic acid and 11.3–33.2 % linoleic *** acid was detected in 15 accessions. High heritability was recorded for all studied traits and was maximum for shell thickness（98.5 %） and minimum for oil content（97.1 %）. Maximum and minimum ‘Euclidean＇pair wise dissimilarities were 17.9 and 0.5, *** 40 accessions were grouped into two major clusters.

关键词： Genetic diversity Kernel quality Oil parameters Wild almond(Prunus L.spp.)