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Abnormalities Occurring during Female Gametophyte Development Result in the Diversity of Abnormal Embryo Sacs and Leads to Abnormal Fertilization in indica/japonica Hybrids in Rice

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2009年第1期51卷 3-12页

作者： Yu-Xiang Zeng Chao-Yue Hu Yong-Gen Lu Jin-Quan Li Xiang-Dong Liu ( Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of plant Molecular breeding South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China)

Embryo sac abortion is one of the major reasons for sterility in indicaljaponica hybrids in rice. To clarify the causal mechanism of embryo sac abortion, we studied the female gametophyte development in two indicaljaponica hybrids via an eosin B staining procedure for embryo sac scanning using confocal laser scanning microscope. Different types of abnormalities occurred during megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis were demonstrated. The earliest abnormality was observed in the megasporocyte. A lot of the chalazal-most megaspores were degenerated before the mono-nucleate embryo sac stage. Disordered positioning of nucleus and abnormal nucellus tissue were characteristics of the abnormal female gametes from the mono-nucleate to four-nucleate embryo sac stages. The abnormalities that occurred from the early stage of the eight-nucleate embryo sac development to the mature embryo sac stage were characterized by smaller sizes and wrinkled antipodals. Asynchronous nuclear migration, abnormal positioning of nucleus, and degeneration of egg apparatus were also found at the eight-nucleate embryo sac stage. The abnormalities that occurred during female gametophyte development resulted in five major types of abnormal embryo sacs. These abnormal embryo sacs led to abnormal fertilization. Hand pollination using normal pollens on the spikelets during anthesis showed that normal pollens could not exclude the effect of abnormal embryo sac on seed setting.

关键词： indicaljaponica hybrid megagametogenesis megasporogenesis Oryza sativa whole-mount eosin B-staining confocal laser scanning microscopy.

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Usefulness of LED lightings in cereal breeding on example of wheat,barley and oat seedlings

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2019年第6期12卷 32-37页

作者： Piotr Stefański Patrycja Siedlarz Przemysław Matysik Krystyna Rybka plant breeding Strzelce Ltd.Co. ul.Główna 2099-307 StrzelcePoland plant breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute 05-870 RadzikówPoland

The LED lightings in horticulture are becoming prevalent,due to their physical properties allowing reduction of electricity consumption and on modulation of light spectrum and *** present,LED lightings are not widely used by cereal breeding companies despite the fact that use of greenhouses is very *** is why,the present experiment was run to show the evidence of LED lightings usefulness in a cereal crops breeding *** wheat(Triticum aestivum,L.),spring barley(Hordeum vulgare,L.)and oat(Avena sativa,L.),one cultivar of each species,were used for the 9 week trial conducted in a greenhouse with strictly controlled temperature(22℃)and humidity(80%).As a light source,4 LED illuminators along with a high-pressure sodium and xenon lamps and a natural sunlight in non-shadowed area of the same greenhouse were *** illuminators were characterized by relatively high ratio of blue/red radiation(0.6-1.3)to force the stem shortening,since cereal seedlings with such a growth habit are preferred in greenhouse cultivation of *** was evidenced,that LED illuminators provided light suitable for cereals growth in a greenhouse,however each species had slightly different optimal light *** wheat and barley the best impact on stem shortening and also on time to heading had a LED illuminator with high multi wave-blue radiation whereas on the leaves width the illuminator with lowest blue/red *** oat seedlings a light source with highest light intensity and highest blue/red ratio seemed to be the most *** much differences in seedlings growth and time to heading suggested that there is a chance for construction of one universal type of LED illuminator designed for greenhouse stages of cereal crops breeding.

关键词： greenhouse light emitting diodes cost-effectiveness Triticum aestivum Hordeum vulgare Avena sativa

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From Decision to Commitment： The Molecular Memory of Flowering

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Molecular plant 2009年第4期2卷 628-642页

作者： Jessika Adrian Stefano Torti Franziska Turck Max Planck Institute for plant breeding Research Carl von Linne Weg 10 50829 Koln Germany

During the floral transition the shoot apical meristem changes its identity from a vegetative to an inflorescence state. This change in identity can be promoted by external signals, such as inductive photoperiod conditions or vernalization, and is accompanied by changes in expression of key developmental genes. The change in meristem identity is usually not reversible, even if the inductive signal occurs only transiently. This implies that at least some of the key genes must possess an intrinsic memory of the newly acquired expression state that ensures irreversibility of the process. In this review, we discuss different molecular scenarios that may underlie a molecular memory of gene expression.

关键词： Memory floral commitment floral transition chromatin Polycomb group transcription regulatory network motif.

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Identification and Physical Mapping of New PCR-Based Markers Specific for the Long Arm of Rye(Secale cereale L.) Chromosome 6

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2016年第4期43卷 199-206页

作者： Meng Li Zongxiang Tang Ling Qiu Yangyang Wang Shuyao Tang Shulan Fu Province Key Laboratory of plant breeding and Genetics Sichuan Agricultural University Agronomy College Sichuan Agricultural University

To effectively use elite genes on the long arm of rye chromosome 6（the 6RL arm） in wheat breeding programs,precise and fast identification of 6RL chromatin in wheat backgrounds is ***-based 6RL-specific markers can facilitate the detection of elite genes on 6RL in wheat ***,only a limited number of 6RL-specific markers have been *** the present study.300 new PCR-based 6RL-specific markers were identified using specific length amplified fragment sequencing（SLAF-seq） technology,and were further physically mapped to four regions on the 6RL arm using 6R and 6RL deletion ***,127 of the 300 markers were physically localized to a region from the site between 2.3 and 2.5 to the telomere,the same region where the powdery mildew resistance gene was *** addition,95 of the 300 markers exhibit polymorphisms,which can be used to investigate the diversity of rye 6RL *** markers developed in this study can be used to identify given segments of 6RL in wheat backgrounds and accelerate the utilization of elite genes on 6RL in wheat breeding.

关键词： Wheat Rye 6RL-specific marker Physical mapping SLAF-seq Powdery mildew

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Crossability Barriers in the Interspecific Hybridization between Oryza sativa and ***

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2009年第1期51卷 21-28页

作者： Xue-Lin Fu Yong-Gen Lu Xiang-Dong Liu Jin-Quan Li Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of plant Molecular breeding South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China

Oryza meyeriana Baill （GG genome） is a precious germplasm in the tertiary gene pool of cultivated rice （AA genome）, and possesses important traits such as resistance and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. However, interspeciflc crossability barrier, a critical bottleneck restricting genes transfer from O. meyeriana to cultivars has led to no hybrids through conventional reproduction. Therefore, the reasons underlying incrossability were investigated in the present report. The results showed that：（i） at 3-7 d after pollination （DAP）, many hybrid embryos degenerated at the earlier globular-shaped stage, and could not develop into the later pear-shaped stage. Meanwhile, free endosperm nuclei started to degenerate at 1 DAP, and cellular endosperm could not form at 3 DAP, leading to nutrition starvation for young embryo development; （ii） at 11-13 DAP, almost all hybrid ovaries aborted. Even though 72.22% of hybrid young embryos were produced in the interspecific hybridization between O. sativa and O. meyeriana, young embryos were not able to further develop into hybrid plantlets via culturing in vitro. The main reason for the incrossability was hybrid embryo inviability, presenting as embryo development stagnation and degeneration since 3 DAP. Some possible approaches to overcome the crossability barriers in the interspecific hybridization between O. sativa and O. meyeriana are discussed.

关键词： crossability embryo development interspecific hybridization Oryza sativa O. meyeriana.

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Assessment of genetic effects on important breeding traits in reciprocal DH populations of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第1期17卷 76-85页

作者： Laurencja Szala Teresa Cegielska-Taras Elzbieta Adamska Zygmunt Kaczmarek plant breeding and Acclimatization Institute National Research Institute Poznan 60-479 Poland Institute of plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences Poznan 60-479 Poland

Here we present a study on the genetic effects of agronomic and seed quality traits in double haploid （DH） populations, which were developed by microspore culture from reciprocal F1 hybrids produced between cultivar Californium and DH W-15. Each of the populations consisted of 25 DH lines. The field experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during three growing seasons. Field observations were recorded on seed yield and its structure： the number of branches and pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, the 1 000-seed weight, the content of fat in the seeds, and three unsaturated fatty acids （oleic, linoleic, linolenic） in the seed oil. In order to investigate the influence of cross direction on the studied traits, parental effects were evaluated on the basis of differences between reciprocal DH populations. The maternal effect was revealed on the number of seeds per pod and the effect of the paternal form on linolenic acid content. The occurrence of transgression effects also depended on the direction of crossing and this was particularly noticeable in terms of the number of seeds per pod. The use of multivariate statistical methods allowed for the simultaneous characterization and grouping of tested lines in terms of several traits. Graphic images of the distribution of DH lines in the space of the two first canonical variates showed a great variation between the two reciprocal populations, both in terms of yield and its components, as well as fat and those unsaturated fatty acids.

关键词： DH line reciprocal cross oilseed rape multivariate analysis transgression

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Intra-and interspecific diversity analyses in the genus Eremurus in Iran using genotyping-bysequencing reveal geographic population structure

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 2382-2394页

作者： Hanieh Hadizadeh Bochra A.Bahri Peng Qi H.Dayton Wilde Katrien M.Devos department of Horticulture Faculty of AgricultureTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran Laboratory of Bioaggressors and Integrated Protection in Agriculture The National Agronomic Institute of TunisiaUniversity of Carthage1082 TunisTunisia Institute of plant breeding Genetics and Genomics(Department of Crop and Soil Sciences)and Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA Institute of plant breeding Genetics and Genomics(Department of Horticulture)University of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA Present address:department of plant Pathology University of GeorgiaGriffinGA 30223USA

Eremurus species,better known as‘Foxtail Lily’or‘Desert Candle’,are important worldwide in landscaping and the cutflower *** of the centers of highest diversity of the genus Eremurus is Iran,which has seven ***,little is known about the genetic diversity within the genus *** the advent of genotyping-bysequencing(GBS),it is possible to develop and employ single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers in a costefficient manner in any species,regardless of its ploidy level,genome size or availability of a reference *** structure and phylogeographic analyses of the genus Eremurus in Iran using a minimum of 3002 SNP markers identified either at the genus level or at the species level from GBS data showed longitudinal geographic structuring at the country scale for the genus and for the species *** and ***,and at the regional scale for *** analyses furthermore showed a close genetic relatedness between *** and *** to the extent that they should be considered subspecies within an ***/stenophyllus species *** close genetic relatedness may explain why crosses between these two(sub)species have been found in the wild and are exploited extensively as ***,current species identification,while robust,relies on flower morphology.A subset of seven SNPs with species-specific(private)alleles were selected that differentiate the seven Eremurus *** markers will be especially useful for cultivar protection and in hybrid production,where true hybrids could be identified at the seedling stage.

关键词： structure furthermore centers

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Lipid Production,Oxidative Status,Antioxidant Enzymes and Photosynthetic Efficiency of Coccomyxa chodatii SAG 216-2 in Response to Calcium Oxide Nanoparticles

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第7期92卷 1955-1974页

作者： Huwida A.A.Abdel-Kader Naeima Yousef Mohammad Anwar Hossain Mona F.A.Dawood department of Botany&Microbiology Faculty of ScienceAssiut UniversityAssiut71516Egypt department of Genetics and plant breeding Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh2202Bangladesh

The extensive use of nanoparticles(NPs)in diverse applications causes their localization to aquatic habitats,affecting the metabolic products of primary producers in aquatic ecosystems,such as *** calcium oxide nanoparticles(CaO NPs)are of the scarcely studied ***,the current work proposed that the exposure to CaO NPs may instigate metabolic pathway to be higher than that of normally growing algae,and positively stimulate algal *** this respect,this research was undertaken to study the exposure effect of CaO NPs(0,20,40,60,80,and 100μg mL^(−1))on the growth,photosynthesis,respiration,oxidative stress,antioxidants,and lipid production of the microalga Coccomyxa chodatii SAG *** results showed that the algal growth concomitant with chlorophyll content,photosynthesis,and calcium content increased in response to CaO *** contents of biomolecules such as proteins,amino acids,and carbohydrates were also promoted by CaO NPs with variant ***,lipid production was enhanced by the applied *** NPs induced the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide,while lipid peroxidation was reduced,revealing no oxidative behavior of the applied nanoparticles on ***,CaO NPs have a triggering effect on the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase,catalase,ascorbate peroxidase,and guaiacol *** results recommended the importance of the level of 60μg mL^(−1) CaO NPs on lipid production(with increasing percentage of 65%compared to control)and the highest dry matter acquisition of *** study recommended the feasibility of an integrated treatment strategy of CaO NPs in augmenting biomass,metabolic up-regulations,and lipid accumulation in ***.

关键词： Calcium oxide nanoparticles Coccomyxa chodatii growth hydrogen peroxide metabolic products

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Genetic effects conferring heat tolerance in upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)

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Journal of Cotton Research 2019年第1期2卷 56-63页

作者： SALMAN Muhammad ZIA Zia Ullah RANA Iqrar Ahmad MAQSOOD Rana Haroon AHMAD Saghir BAKHSH Ali AZHAR Muhammad Tehseen department of plant breeding & Genetics University of Agriculture FaisalabadPakistan Cotton Research Institute Multan Pakistan Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan department of plant breeding & Genetics Ghazi University DG Khan Pakistan

Background:Climate change and particularly global warming has emerged as an alarming threat to the crop productivity of field crops and exerted drastic effects on the cropping *** of cotton has been dropped down to one million bales from 1.4 million bales since 2015 in Pakistan due to the increase in temperature at critical growth stages,i.e.,flowering and boll *** in view the importance of cotton in the country,this study was conducted to investigate the genetic effects conferring heat tolerance in six populations(P1,P2,F1,F2,BC1 and BC2)developed from cross-1 and cross-2,i.e.,VH-282×FH-142 and DNH-40×***:The results revealed that cross-1 performed better in heat stress as compared with cross-2 for majority of the traits *** weight and ginning outturn(GO-T)were highly effected under heat stress and had negative correlation with Relative cell injury(RCI).Boll weight,fiber length,fiber strength and fiber fineness were under the control of non-additive gene action,whereas RCI was controlled by additive gene *** values of genetic advance coupled with higher values of broad sense heritability for these traits except RCI confirmed the role of non-additive genetic *** types of epistasis were recorded for fiber strength in cross-1 in normal ***,complementary type of non-allelic interaction was recorded for fiber strength under normal condition,fiber fineness and RCI under heat stressed condition in ***,boll weight,GOT and fiber length in populations derived from cross-2 in normal condition were also under the influence of complementary type of non-allelic *** differences among values of mid parent and better parent heterosis for boll weight in both normal and heat stress condition provided the opportunity to cotton breeders for utilization of this germplasm for improvement of this trait through exploitation of heterosis ***:Cross-1 perfo

关键词： Heat stress Heritability Heterosis Relative cell injury Upland cotton

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Agro-Morphological, Physico-Chemical and Molecular Characterization of Rice Germplasm with Similar Names of Bangladesh

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Rice science 2016年第4期23卷 211-218页

作者： Mir Sharf Uddin AHMED Mohammad KHALEQUZZAMAN Md.Khairul BASHAR Abul Kalam Mohammad SHAMSUDDIN Genetic Resources and Seed Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute HarvestP lus International Centre for Tropical Agriculture department of Genetics and plant breeding Bangladesh Agricultural University

Thirty-one duplicate and similar named rice germplasms of Bangladesh were studied to assess the genetic variation for the agro-morphological and physico-chemical traits and simple sequence repeat banding patterns during 2009–2012 at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute. The range of variations within the cultivar groups showed higher degree. The principal component analysis showed that the first five components with vector values > 1 contributed 82.90% of the total variations. The cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into four clusters, where no duplicate germplasm was found. The highest number(11) of genotypes was constellated in cluster I and the lowest(3) in cluster II. The intra- and inter-cluster distances were the maximum in cluster I(0.93) and between clusters I and IV(24.61), respectively, and the minimum in cluster IV(0.62) and between clusters I and III(5.07), respectively. The cluster mean revealed that the crosses between the genotypes of cluster I with those of clusters II and IV would exhibit high heterosis for maximum good characters. A total of 350 alleles varied from 3(RM277) to 14(RM21) with an average of 7.8 per locus were detected at 45 microsatellite loci across the 31 rice accessions. The gene diversity ranged from 0.48 to 0.90 with an average of 0.77, and the polymorphism information content values from 0.44(RM133) to 0.89(RM206) with an average of 0.74. RM206, RM21, RM55, RM258 and RM433 were considered as the best markers on the basis of their higher polymorphism information content values. The dendrogram from unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average clustering also classified the genotypes into four groups, where group IV comprised of 20 genotypes and group III of one genotype, but no duplicate was found. Finally, similar and duplicate named rice germplasms need to be conserved in gene bank as are distinct from each other.

关键词： diversity simple sequence repeat similar name landrace rice agro-morphological and physico-chemical trait

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