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Phytotoxic effect of Sesbania virgata(Cav.) *** seeds of agronomic and forestry species

Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第2期26卷 339-346页

作者： Vera Lygia El Id Bárbara Vale da Costa Daiane Salete Broch Mignoni Marina Belloni Veronesi Kelly Simoes Marcia Regina Braga Nelson Augusto dos Santos Junior Seed department Institute of Botany plant physiology and Biochemistry department Institute of Botany

Sesbania virgata（Cav.） *** a pioneer species native to South America able to release allelochemicals that affect germination and development of other plant *** aim of this work was to evaluate the allelopathic effect of *** on the germination and development of co-occurring species from gallery forest and on agronomic *** forest native species,Enterolobium contortisiliquum（Vell.） Morong and Sapindus saponaria L.,and two agronomic species（these as control）,Oryza sativa *** Solanum lycopersicum *** used in the lab and greenhouse assays with seeds and leaf extracts of *** species were more affected than native species when co-germinated with seeds of *** germination percentage and speed germination index of the agronomic species were reduced in both in vitro and greenhouse *** the same assays,the seeds of native species showed no significant differences in the parameters ***,the initial growth of the four species assayed was affected,with reduction in plant length and shoot diameter followed by significant reduction in plantlet shoot and root *** the assays with irrigation of *** leaf extracts,no significant inhibitory effects on germination were observed for all *** and shoot diameter of the native species were not affected by the leaf extracts,nor were fresh and dry ***,these parameters increased in the agronomic species as they were irrigated with leaf *** on our data we conclude that seed leachates of *** affect germination and seedling development of other species,suggesting that its invasive behavior is due mainly to seed *** with less pronounced effects on native species,allelopathy of *** might also influence Interspecific competition in its natural environment.

关键词： Allelochemicals Allelopathy Catechin Fabaceae Gallery forest

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Interplay between nitric oxide and sulfur assimilation in salt tolerance in plants

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The Crop Journal 2016年第3期4卷 153-161页

作者： Mehar Fatma Asim Masood Tasir S.Per Faisal Rasheed Nafees A.Khan plant physiology Section Department of BotanyAligarh Muslim University

Nitric oxide(NO),a versatile molecule,plays multiple roles in plant growth and development and is a key signaling molecule in plant response to abiotic *** management strategy is critical for abiotic stress alleviation in ***(S) is important under stress conditions,as its assimilatory products neutralize the imbalances in cells created by excessive generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).NO abates the harmful effects of ROS by enhancing antioxidant enzymes,stimulating S assimilation,and reacting with other target molecules,and regulates the expression of various stress-responsive genes under salt *** review focuses on the role of NO and S in responses of plants to salt stress,and describes the crosstalk between NO and S assimilation in salt *** regulation of NO and/or S assimilation using molecular biology tools may help crops to withstand salinity stress.

关键词： Abiotic stress Antioxidant system Glutathione plant hormones Sulfur Signaling

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Nitrogen in Relation to Photosynthetic Capacity and Accumulation of Osmoprotectant and Nutrients in Brassica Genotypes Grown Under Salt Stress

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第5期9卷 671-680页

作者： Manzer H Siddiqui Firoz Mohammad M Nasir Khan Mohamed H Al-Whaibi Ali H A Bahkali department of botany & Microbiology College of Science King Saud University plant physiology Section Department of Botany Aligarh Muslim University

Different strategies of the application of nutrients are required to overcome the adverse effects of mustard （Brassica juncea L.） in response to NaCl stress. The objective of the present study was to determine if different added levels of nitrogen （N） in growth medium could alleviate the adverse effects of salt stress on photosynthetic capacity and accumulation of osmoprotectants and nutrients. 14 days mustard seedlings of salt-sensitive （cv. Chuutki） and salt-tolerant （cv. Radha） genotypes were fed with：（i） 0 mmol L^-1 NaCl ＋ 0 mg N kg^-1 sand （control）, （ii） 90 mmol L^-1 NaCl ＋ 30 mg N kg^-1 sand, （iii） 90 mmol L^-1 NaCl ＋60 mg N kg^-1 sand, （iv） 90 mmol L^-1 NaCl ＋90 mg N kg^-1 sand and （v） 90 mmol L^-1NaCl＋ 120 mg N kg^-1 sand. Under the condition of salinity stress, N application caused a significant ameliorative effect on both genotypes with respect to growth attributes [fresh weight （FW） and dry weight （DW）] and physio-biochemical parameters [percent water content （WC）, net photosynthetic rate （PN）, stomatal conductance （gs）, total chlorophyll （Ch1）, carbonic anhydrase （CA） activity and malondialdehyde （MDA）, nitrogen （N）, potassium （K） and sodium （Na） contents, and K/Na ratio] and yield attributes （number of pods/plant, seeds/pod and seed yield/plant）. The salt-tolerant genotype exhibited maximum value for growth, physio-biochemical and yield attributes at 60 mg N kg 1 sand than that of salt-sensitive genotype. These results suggest that application of N may ameliorate most of the attributes and prove to be a physiological remedy to increase the tolerance against the ill effects of salt stress in Brassicas.

关键词： Brassica juncea L. carbonic anhydrase activity malondialdehyde net photosynthetic rate osmoprotectants,salt stress

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Conservation of an important montane bamboo Thamnocalamus falconeri, *** Munro through axillary bud proliferation

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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第1期26卷 179-185页

作者： Meena Bakshi Chandrakant Tiwari Sajad Razvi plant physiology Discipline Botany DivisionForest ResearchInstitute

Thamnocalamus falconeri, Hook.f. ex Munro.,an important bamboo species belonging to the family Poaceae, locally known as Ringal, occurs in the hills of Uttarakhand, India. This species has been traditionally exploited by local communities to support their *** needs of the hill villages impose unsustainable pressure on natural stands of Ringal in the Uttarakhand hills and forests have been degraded. The long history of excessive cutting of Ringal from natural forests and the lack of replanting threaten villager livelihoods. Replanting is required to conserve the species. We propose a protocol for generation of planting material through axillary bud proliferation for multiplication and conservation of this species. We collected offsets/rhizomes from a natural stand of T. falconeri in the Chopta Mandal areas（Chamoli district, India）. These were planted at sites of varied elevation and fresh single nodal segments were collected from them as explants. Different sterilization treatments were assessed to combat contamination. Among these, treatment of 0.1 %Hg Cl2 followed by 5 % Na OCl, proved best. Among two cytokinin treatments, viz. BAP and Kinetin, singly or in combination, BAP alone（5 mg L-1） proved superior and resulted in 100 % bud break. BAP-supplemented MS media yielded maximum vigorous shoot formation（90 %）and maximum number of shoots（8.9）. Subculturing of shoots on the same medium with similar BAP treatment（5 mg L-1BAP） enabled continuous production of healthy shoots at similar frequency. Maximum rooting（100 %）was recorded on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 5 mg L-1IBA. Micropropagated plants were hardened and acclimatized in soil mixture（2：1：1） and then transplanted to field sites（Magra, Uttarakhand, 1,834 m）.Eight to ten months after field transplantation we recorded100 % survival of transplanted material. This micropropagation protocol could be used successfully for raising a stock of genetically homogenous plant material in bulk

关键词： Thamnocalamus falconeri Micropropagation MS medium Axillary bud proliferation Hormones

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Seed Priming with Beta-Amino Butyric Acid Improves Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Rice Seedlings

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Rice science 2016年第5期23卷 242-254页

作者： Kolothodi Chandran JISHA Jos Thomas PUTHUR plant physiology and Biochemistry Division Department of Botany University of CalicutC.U.Campus

We studied the influence of seed priming with beta-amino butyric acid（BABA） on the growth, physiological and biochemical parameters of seedlings with varied abiotic stress tolerance, which were raised and grown under unstressed and stressed（NaCl/PEG-6000） conditions. Under stressed conditions, the growth of rice seedlings was less when compared to control plants. After BABA priming, the seedling growth increased both under unstressed and stressed conditions as compared to the respective controls. BABA priming of rice seeds caused increase in the photosynthetic pigment content of the leaves, modified the chlorophyll a fluorescence related parameters and also enhanced the photosystem activities of seedlings when compared to their respective non-primed controls. BABA priming also caused increased mitochondrial activities of the rice seedlings. Moreover, BABA priming significantly reduced malondialdehyde content in the seedlings and also resulted in accumulation of proline especially in the NaCl tolerant variety Vyttila 6. BABA seed priming also enhanced the activity of nitrate reductase enzyme and activities of antioxidant enzymes like guaiacol peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. The presence of BABA was detected by high performance thin layer chromatography analysis in the rice seeds whereas in the seedlings it was not detected. Thus, it can be inferred that the seed priming effect of BABA mainly occurred within the seeds, which was further carried to the seedlings. It is concluded that BABA priming of seeds improved the drought and salinity stress tolerance of all the three rice varieties and it was significantly evident in the drought tolerant variety Vaisakh and NaCl tolerant variety Vyttila 6, when compared to the stress sensitive variety Neeraja.

关键词： abiotic stress drought mitochondrial activity photochemical activity seed priming rice beta-amino butyric acid

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Interactive Effect of GA_3 ,N and P Ameliorate Growth, Seed and Fibre Yield by Enhancing Photosynthetic Capacity and Carbonic Anhydrase Activity of Linseed: A Dual Purpose Crop

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第7期12卷 1183-1194页

作者： Mohammad N Khan Firoz Mohammad department of Biology Faculty of Science University of Tabuk plant physiology Section Department of Botany Aligarh Muslim University

Linseed （Linum usitatissimum L.） is an important dual-purpose, industrial crop. Its seeds are used for the extraction of oil and stem for fibres. However, the production of linseed is not going parallel with the increasing demand of its products. The present work was carried out with an aim to find out whether exogenous application of gibberellic acid （GA3） with or without graded levels of nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） could improve the performance of three linseed genotypes Parvati, Shekhar and Shubhra together with minimizing the costly fertilizer input and losses. Four combinations of N and P, viz., 0 mg N＋0 mg P kg-1 soil （N0P0）, N13.4 P4.46 , N26.8P8.94 and N40.2P13.4 were constituted. Half dose of each combination was applied basally at the time of sowing and remaining half dose was given at 40 d after sowing （DAS） as foliar spray along with 10-6 mol L-1 GA3 . Prior to sowing, the seeds of each linseed genotype were grouped in to two, one group of seeds was soaked in 0 mol L-1 GA3 （control） and the other group was soaked in 10-6 M GA3 solution, each for 8 hours. Treatments were comprised of （i） 0 mol L-1 GA3＋N0P0 （T0 , control）, （ii） 10-6 mol L-1 GA3 ＋ N13.4P4.46 （T1）, （iii） 10-6 mol L-1 GA 3 ＋N 26.8 P 8.94 （T2） and （iv） 10-6 mol L-1 GA3＋N40.2P13.4 （T3）. The crop performance was assessed in terms of growth, physiological and biochemical parameters at 60 and 75 DAS and yield attributes at harvest （175 DAS）. The results showed a parallel increase in most of the parameters with increasing levels of N and P. However, application of 10-6 mol L-1 GA3 in association with N26.8P8.94 proved best, it enhanced seed yield, oil yield and fibre yield by 83.3, 97.3 and 78.7%, respectively accompanied with increase in net photosynthetic rate, carbonic anhydrase activity and dry matter accumulation. Among the genotypes tested, Shubhra performed best, while Parvati the least for most of the parameters studied. Thus, combined application of 10-6 mol L-1 GA3 plus N26.8P8.94 pro

关键词： gibberellin photosynthesis crbonic anhydrase linseed

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Effect of Salicylic Acid on Salinity-induced Changes in Brassica juncea

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2008年第9期50卷 1096-1102页

作者： Mohammad Yusuf Syed Aiman Hasan Barket Ali Shamsul Hayat Qazi Fariduddin Aqil Ahmad plant physiology Section Department of Botany Aligarh Muslim University department of Applied Sciences Higher College of Technology

Seeds of Indian mustard （Brassicajuncea （L.） Czern. et Coss.） were exposed to 0, 50, 100 and 150 mmol/L NaCI for 8 h and seeds were sown in an earthen pot. These stressed seedlings were subsequently sprayed with 10μmol/L salicylic acid （SA） at 30 d and were sampled at 60 d to assess the changes in growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes. The seedlings raised from the seeds treated with NaCI had significantly reduced growth and the activities of carbonic anhydrase, nitrate reductase and photosynthesis, and the decrease was proportional to the increase in NaCI concentration. However, the antioxidant enzymes （catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase） and proline content was enhanced in response to NaCI and/or SA treatment, where their interaction had an additive effect. Moreover, the toxic effects generated by the lower concentration of NaCI （50 mmol/L） were completely overcome by the application of SA. It was, therefore, concluded that SA ameliorated the stress generated by NaCl through the alleviated antioxidant system.

关键词： carbonic anhydrase catalase mustard net photosynthetic rate nitrate reductase peroxidase salicylic acid salinity superoxidedismutase.

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2,4-D Hyper Accumulation Induced Cellular Responses of Azolla pinnata R. Br. to Sustain Herbicidal Stress

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental botany 2020年第4期89卷 999-1017页

作者： Arnab Kumar De Arijit Ghosh Debabrata Dolui Indraneel Saha Malay Kumar Adak plant physiology and plant Molecular Biology Research Unit Department of BotanyUniversity of KalyaniWest BengalIndia

In the present experiment with ongoing concentration(0µM,100µM,250µM,500µM and 1000µM)of 2,4-D,the responses of Azolla pinnata *** evaluated based on cellular ***,plants were significantly tolerated up to 1000µM of 2,4-D with its *** was accompanied by a steady decline of indole acetic acid(IAA)concentration in tissues with 78.8%over the *** bound H^(+)-ATPase activity was over expressed within a range of 1.14 to 1.25 folds with activator(KCl)and decreased within a range of 57.3 to 74.6%in response to inhibitor(Vanadate)*** regards to IAA metabolism,plants recorded a linear increase with wall bound oxidase activity up to maximum concentration of 2,*** variations were more moderated when wall bound IAA-oxidase recorded a linear increase proportionate to the 2,4-D *** was more extended with the presence of different isoforms of IAA-oxidase which was much more pronounced with distinct polymorphisms of expressed proteins,however,not independent to the 2,4-D *** like spermine,spermidine and putrescine(spm,spd and put)were not consistent in concentration with the dosages of 2,*** these,plants were induced to apoplastic NAD(P)H oxidase activity maximally by 1.6 folds under 500µM 2,4-D over ***,putrescine responded more or less consistently and recorded maximally 11.9 folds at 500µM 2,4-D as compared to the ***(P)H oxidase activity recorded maximally 1.6 folds against control and remain consistent throughout the concentrations of 2,*** along with APX were more linear in responses through the concentration of 2,4-D except CAT as compared to *** enzymatic antioxidative activity,peroxidases(GPX and APX)were overexpresed in a similar manner except for catalase with a non-significant *** stabilization of cellular redox,glutathione reductase attended maximum value by 2.45 folds at 1000µM evidenced with significant variations in protein polymo

关键词： Azolla 2,4-D antioxidative enzymes comet assay HPLC

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Fate and toxicity of nanoparticles in aquatic systems

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Acta Geochimica 2023年第1期42卷 63-76页

作者： Shikha Singh Sheo Mohan Prasad Gausiya Bashri Ranjan plant physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory Department of BotanyUniversity of Allahabad211002 AllahabadIndia department of botany Aligarh Muslim University202001 AligarhIndia

Nanotechnology is a ground-breaking multidisciplinary fi eld across a broad spectrum of basic and applied sciences for producing and applying nano-sized materials for innovative *** use of nanomaterials in industrial applications,medical products,and consumers has increased repeatedly over the last few years,and these applications will likely continue to *** an aquatic ecosystem,nanoparticles take entry through a direct route that includes industrial discharge,disposal of wastewater treatment e ffl uents,and indirect runof f from the *** reaching the aquatic environment,the nanomaterials are highly af fected by their backdrops and subsequently go through various conversions like agglomeration,aggregation,dissolution,sulfi dation,*** fate and the behavior of nanomaterials in the aquatic system not only depend on their physical-chemical properties but also on the pH,temperature,salinity,water hardness,and concentration of natural organic matter present in receiving *** this review,emphasis has been given to the toxicological properties and potential risks of nanomaterials in terms of factors contributing to their toxicology,bioavailability,and accumulation in aquatic organisms as well as the ***,we summarize the published data on engineered nanoparticles’ef fect on aquatic *** issues related to the accumulation and penetration of nanoparticles in the aquatic organism,their toxic ef fect,and biotransformation along with the food web are also *** nanomaterials are being increasingly released into aquatic bodies,it is important to pay greater attention to their toxicity and how it af fects the aquatic *** nanomaterials are bioavailable to plants,resulting in trophic transfer,and they impact other organisms through biomagnifi cation,as discussed in this *** close the enormous information gap,extensive research on the interactions and impacts of NPs on dif ferent species belonging to di

关键词： wastewater sized likely

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A new loss-of-function allele 28y reveals a role of ARGONAUTE1 in limiting asymmetric division of stomatal lineage ground cell

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2014年第6期56卷 539-549页

作者： Kezhen Yangy Min Jiangy Jie Le Key Laboratory of plant Molecular physiology Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences

In Arabidopsis thaliana L., stomata are produced through a series of divisions including asymmetric and symmetric divisions. Asymmetric entry division of meristemoid mother cellproduces two daughter cells, the smal er meristemoid and the larger sister cell, a stomatal lineage ground cell（SLGC）. Stomatal lineage ground cells can differentiate into epidermal pavement cells but have the potential to divide asymmetrical y, spacing divisions, to create satel ite meristemoids. Peptide ligands and TOO MANY MOUTHS （TMM） and ERECTA family receptors regulate the initiation of stomatal lineages, activity, and orientation of spacing divisions. Here, we reported that a natural mutant 28y displayed an increased stomatal density and index. Using map-based cloning, we identified mutation in ARGONAUTE1 （AGO1） as the cause of 28y phenotypes. Time-lapse tracing of stomatal lineage cells reveals that stomatal overproduction in 28y is caused by the excessive asymmetric spacing division of *** genetic results demonstrated that AGO1 acts down-stream of TMM and negatively regulates the SPCH transcripts, but in a brassinosteroid-independent manner. Upregulation of AGAMOUS-LIKE16 （AGL16） in 28y mutants suggests that AGO1 is required to restrict AGL16-mediated stomatal spacing divisions, an miRNA pathway in addition to ligand-receptor signaling modules.

关键词： Arabidopsis ARGONAUTEI cell division stomatal development

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