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Hypothyroid effects on astrocytes and microglia in the adult rat hippocampus

Neural Regeneration Research 2009年第12期4卷 1078-1082页

作者： Choong Hyun Lee Jung Hoon Choi In Koo Hwang Ki-Yeon Yoo Hyung-Cheul Shin Moo-Ho Won Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Institute of Neurodegeneration and NeuroregenerationCollege of MedicineHallym University South Korea Institute of Naturat Medicine Hallym University Department ofAnatomy and Cell Biology College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Program for Veterinary ScienceSeoul National Unlversity South Korea Institute of Natural Medicine Hallym University Department of physiology College of MedicineHallym University

BACKGROUND： Thyroid hormones modulate proliferation of astrocytes and microglia depending on maturation stage and localization. Studies have demonstrated that triiodothyronine treatment or thyroidectomy during developmental stages results in morphological alterations and changes in the number of astrocytes and microglia. Little is known about the effects of hypothyroidism on astrocytes and microglia in adults. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of hypothyroidism on morphology and number of astrocytes and microglia in the adult rat hippocampus. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, neuroendocrinological, animal study was performed at the College of Medicine, Hallym University, South Korea between May 2008 and April 2009. MATERIALS： Methimazole, rabbit anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） antiserum, and rabbit anti-lba-1 antiserum were purchased from Sigma, USA. Rabbit anti-GFAP polyclonal antibody was provided by Chemicon, USA. Rabbit anti-lba-1 polyclonal antibody was purchased from Wako, Japan. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-biotin nick-end-labeling （TUNEL） kit was provided by Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Mannheim, Germany. METHODS： Hypothyroidism was induced in Wistar rats via methimazole administration （0.025%） in drinking water for 5 weeks, starting at 6 months of age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Following methimazole treatment, hippocampai neuronal death was determined using TUNEL staining. The morphology and number of GFAP and lba-1 immunoreactive cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. Hippocampal GFAP and lba-1 protein levels were detected by Western blot analysis. Serum-free triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels were quantified. RESULTS： TUNEL-positive neurons were not observed in the hippocampus of euthyroid and hypothyroid rats. Compared with the euthyroid rats, the number of GFAP immunoreactive astrocytes was decreased, and serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels were significantly decreased. In contrast, the numb

关键词： astrocytes hippocampus hypothyroidism microglia Wistar rats

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INHIBITORY EFFECT OF NOCICEPTIN ON EXCITATORY BUT NOT INHIBITORY TRANSMISSION IN RAT SPINAL DORSAL HORN NEURONES

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神经解剖学杂志 2001年第B7期17卷 110-110页

作者： Eiichi KUMAMOTO Hidemasa FURUE Megumu YOSHIMURA Department of physiology Saga Medical School Saga 849-8501 Japan

Nociceptin, or orphanin FQ, is a 17 amino-acid peptide which is a newly discovered endogenous ligand for the opioid-like G-protein coupled receptor, ORLI, and suggested to participate in modulating nociceptive transmission. We examined the actions of nociceptin on excitatory and inhibitory transmission in substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons in the dorsal horn of adult rat spinal cord slices by use of the blind whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Nociceptin induced an outward current at-70 mV in a dose-dependent manner (EC_(50)=0.23μM);

关键词：大白鼠脊髓背角神经配体损伤感受素兴奋传导抑制作用 SG

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Dopamine D<sub>1</sub>- and D<sub>2</sub>-Receptors in Immunostimulation under Activation of Mu-Opioid Receptors in Mice with Different Psychoemotional States

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2014年第1期5卷 43-48页

作者： Margarita Cheido Galina Idova Elizaveta Alperina Laboratory of the Mechanisms of Neurochemical Modulation State Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Novosibirsk Russia.

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effect of activation of mu-opioid receptors (mu-OR) on the immune response under blockade of postsynaptic D1-and D2-receptors in mice of the C57BL/6J strain displaying either aggressive or depressive-like behaviors in the social conflict model. It is shown that activation of activation of mu-OR with a highly selective agonist DAGO (100 μg/kg) increased significantly IgM-immune response not only in C57BL/6J mice with an unchanged psychoemotional state but also in mice displaying aggressive or depressive-like behaviors in the social stress model (10 days of agonistic confrontations). Selective blockade of DA receptors of the D1-type with SCH-23390 (1.0 mg/kg with DAGO administration) caused a more pronounced elevation of IgM-immune response than DAGO alone while DAGO effect was completely blocked by prior administration of D2-receptor antagonist haloperidol (1.0 mg/kg). At the same time, both SCH-23390 and haloperidol prevented the immune response increase induced by DAGO injection in mice engaged in aggressive or depressive-like behaviors. Thus, in animals not subjected to social stress DAGO-induced immunostimulation is provided only by D2-receptors, whereas in animals with altered psychoemotional state mu-opioid immunostimulation is mediated by both types of DA receptors—D1 and D2. These data provide evidence for different impacts of the main subtypes of DA receptors in the mediation of immunomodulating effects of mu-opioid system under normal and stressful conditions.

关键词： Mu-Opioid and Dopamine Receptors Social Stress Aggression Depressive-Like Behavior Immunomodulation

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Human papillomavirus 16 E6 is associated with the nuclear matrix of esophageal carcinoma cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2001年第6期7卷 788-791页

作者： S.B.Cheng E.C.Chew Department of physiology and The Chinese University of Hong Kong ShatinNT.Hong KongChina Department of Anatomy The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNT.Hong KongChina

AIM: To explore the etiologic role of HPV infection in esophageal carcinoma, and the association of HPV-16 E6with the nuclear metrix of carcinoma cells.METHODS: Two esophageal carcinoma cell lines, EC/CUHK1 and EC/CUHK2, were tested for HPV-16 E6subgenetic fragment by polymerase chain reaction amplification of virus DNA associated nuclear matrix. RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry were also used to visualizethe expression of E6 subgene in the cells.RESULTS: The HPV-16 E6 subgenetic fragment wes found to be present in nuclear metrix-associeted DNA, E6oncoprotein localized in the nucleus where it is tightly associated with nuclear matrix after sequential extraction in EC/CUHK2 cells. It was not detected, however, in EC/CUHK1 cells.CONCLUSION: The interaction between HPV-16 E6 and nuclear matrix may contribute to the virus induced carcinogenesis in esophageal carcinoma.

关键词： Esophageal neoplasms/virology Esophaheal neoplasms/pathology Tumor cells, cultured Papillomavirus, human Nuclear matrix

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Genetic diversity and relatedness inferred from microsatellite loci as a tool for broodstock management of fine flounder Paralichthys adspersus

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2022年第6期7卷 664-674页

作者： Julissa J.Sanchez-Velasquez Percy N.Pinedo-Bernal Lorenzo E.Reyes-Flores Carmen Yzasiga-Barrera Eliana Zelada-Mazmela Laboratory of Genetics Physiologyand ReproductionFaculty of SciencesUniversidad Nacional del SantaAv Universitaria s/nNuevo Chimbote02712Peru Laboratory of Mycology and Biotechnology Universidad Nacional Agraria La MolinaAv.La Molina s/nLima12056Peru

Paralichthys adspersus is a native species from the Pacific coast of South America that is of great economic importance for Peruvian *** though establishing sustainable farming depends on avoiding irreversible damage to the population gene pool due to processes such as inbreeding,studies focusing on genetically characterizing farmed stocks are yet to be *** using ten microsatellite loci on captive and wild individuals of ***,we successfully characterized the only commercial broodstock of this species in Peru by means of determining the genetic diversity and inferring *** most microsatellite loci showed deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,the genetic diversity levels in the commercial broodstock were considered healthy compared to those obtained for a wild population,with an average number of alleles of 17.40,an effective number of alleles of 9.14,and an observed and expected heterozygosity of 0.49 and *** significant differences between the broodstock and the wild population in terms of genetic diversity were *** fixation index and analysis of molecular variance also indicated a low rate of differentiation between both *** relatedness estimation,the analysis based on five method-of-moment estimators and a maximum-likelihood estimator showed the category“unrelated”as being the most probable relationship among the individuals within the commercial *** findings reveal the conservation of genetic diversity in this population and outline potential breeding strategies that hatchery managers could use to minimize the loss of genetic diversity and long-term *** could help establish proper genetic management in captive populations of *** and should apply to other captive stocks where pedigree information is lacking.

关键词： Fine flounder Genetic diversity Microsatellites Paralichthys adspersus Relatedness

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Options for Managing Livestock Production Systems to Adapt to Climate Change

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Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 2014年第7期4卷 415-427页

作者： Evangelia N. Sossidou Eleni Tsiplakou George Zervas Veterinary Research Institute Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER Thessaloniki 57001 Greece Nutritional physiology and Feeding Agricultural University of Athens Athens 11885 Greece

This paper discusses recent research findings together with management schemes in preventing and managing of thermal stress by handling external and internal factors in livestock production systems. Preventive measures against thermal stress are described as basic structural adjustments and the modifications that can be implemented readily, according to animal health and welfare requirements and refer to （1） environmental modification and thermal comfort in various housing systems; （2） action on animals, such as genetic selection for breeds resistant to infectious disease, parasites and climate extremes; （3） action on feed and （4） action on staff handling the animals. Moreover, measures to be taken both in situations of chronic thermal stress and heat or cold strokes are presented as they are applied to （1） limit stress, （2） monitor the temperature felt by animals, （3） adapt diet and drinking water supplies and （4） correct physiological imbalances. Examples are given for different farm species （cattle, sheep, goat, poultry and pigs） and different production systems （intensive, extensive and alternative）. The paper concludes with a practical guide for the effective handling of thermal stress at farm level, summarizing the results from recent research studies on the specific topic.

关键词： Livestock production management thermal comfort.

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Oxytocin and Stress Response

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2018年第3期8卷 93-104页

作者： Abeer E. Dief Elena V. Sivukhina Gustav F. Jirikowski Department of Medical physiology University of Alexandria Alexandria Egypt Institute für Anatomie II Friedrich Schiller Universit&#228 t Jena Jena Germany

In response to a stressful unexpected experience, the brain activates a complex stress system that involves the organism in an adaptive response to the threatening situation. This stress system acts on several peripheral tissues and feeds back to the brain. One of its key players is oxytocin hormone. The neuropeptide, oxytocin (OT), has well-established roles during parturition and lactation. In addition to its peripheral actions, OT is released within multiple areas of the brain and influences behavioural and neuroendocrine responses to stress. Several studies suggest that oxytocin is implicated in the central control of responses to stress through modulation of corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH). Intranasal OT application was associated with an inhibitory effect on adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) secretion and subsequent impairment of corticosterone secretion. This may be of importance for understanding and perhaps suggesting its utility to buffer stress. Synthesis and release of OT depend to a great extent on steroid hormones particularly on estradiol and corticosterone. Estrogens stimulate synthesis and release of OT and increase the number of OT receptors in some areas of the brain. However, the role of OT in mediating stress is variable and may also depend on gender and on external factors.

关键词： Oxytocin Central Stress Response Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone Steroid Hormone Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis

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Acquired Cardiomyopathy Caused by Cardiac Tsc1 Deficiency

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2014年第2期41卷 73-77页

作者： Yi Chena Fang Wang Chunjia Li Lianmei Wang Hongbing Zhang Hongbing Yan Department of Cardiology Beijing An Zhen HospitalCapital Medical University Department of physiology Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Center for Coronary Heart Disease Cardiovascular Institute & Fu Wai HospitalPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences

Cardiomyopathies are myocardial disorders with enlarged, thick, or rigid cardiac muscles. Because no effective treatment is available to prevent the deterioration of the myocardium function, the prognosis of cardiomyopathy is usually poor. Cardiomyopathies can be inherited or acquired. A number of genes associated with inherited cardiomyopathy, such as the genes encoding for sarcomeric, cytoskeletal,

关键词： than Acquired Cardiomyopathy Caused by Cardiac Tsc1 Deficiency mTOR BNP MyHC

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Nervous System and Gastrointestinal Effects of the Insecticide Esfenvalerate on the Rat:An Ex Vivo Study

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Agricultural Sciences 2014年第4期5卷 365-375页

作者： Petra Varró Eszter Szabó Melinda Kovács Ildikó Világi Department of physiology and Neurobiology Eotvos Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary MTA-KE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group KaposvárHungary

Esfenvalerate belongs to the pyrethroid group of insecticides which display significant selective toxicity against insects compared to mammalian species, nevertheless, they may pose health risks, especially in case of accidental exposure. The aim of the present study was to model the effect of acute, relatively high-dose exposure of the esfenvalerate-containing formulation Sumi-Alpha?. Eventual functional alterations in the central nervous system and in the gastrointestinal tract were studied on in vitro tissue preparations at different delays after intragastric administration to rats. Neuronal effects were characterized by field potential recording in cortical and hippocampal brain slices, while gastrointestinal effects were examined by analyzing the motility and excitability of isolated ileum segments. On the brain slices originating from esfenvalerate-treated animals, changes in excitability of both inhibitory and excitatory type could be observed. Voltage thresholds necessary to evoke responses in neocortex slices were elevated, and population spike amplitudes were lower in hippocampal slices. However, epileptiform potentials with pronounced late components were also observed. A decreased long-term potentiation (LTP) could be seen in both brain areas after esfenvalerate treatment. Seizure susceptibility of the slices was not significantly altered, but tended to be somewhat higher in slices originating from treated rats. In ileum segments, both spontaneous and acetyl-choline (ACh)-elicited contractions were modified by treatment. Esfenvalerate raised the amplitude of contractions in the low ACh concentration range. However, the solvent xylene also considerably contributed to the detected changes. We can conclude that a relatively high, single oral dose of Sumi-Alpha? exerted mild and temporary effects on the elementary brain functions and intestine functions of the rat.

关键词： Pyrethroid Ileum Motility Brain Slice Field Potentials

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Association Between IL-6 （Interleukin-6） and Iron Status in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

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Journal of Life Sciences 2014年第5期8卷 404-409页

作者： Abbas Sabbar Dkhil Musa Nima Mezher physiology Department Faculty of Medicine University of Qadisiyah Qadisiyah 58002 Iraq Biology Department Faculty of Science University of Kufa Najaf Qadisiyah 58002 Iraq

The study was performed to determine whether the srum concentrations of IL （interleukin）-6 are elevated in patients with RA （rheumatoid arthritis） and to investigate the relationship between IL-6 levels and iron status in RA patients. 95 serum samples were obtained, 70 of them from patients with RA who had visited the department of Rheumatology at Al-Sadder medical city in Najaf governorate （Iraq） and 25 age and sex-matched healthy controls. The authors assessed the clinical parameters of the disease, including ESR （erythrocyte sedimentation rate）, CRP （C-reactive protein）, and RF （rheumatoid factor）. Serum levels of iron and TIBC （total iron binding capacity） were measured spectrophotometrically, while TS% （transferrin saturation percentage） and transferrin concentration were calculated mathematically. Serum concentrations of IL-6 （interleukin-6） and ferritin were measured using an ELISA （enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay）. The results of serum concentration of IL-6 （interleukin-6） and ferritin were significantly elevated （P 〈 0.0001） in patients with RA compared to those of healthy controls. On the other hand, serum concentrations of iron, TIBC （total iron binding capacity）, TS% （transferrin saturation percentage） and transferrin concentration were significantly decreased in patients with RA compared with those of healthy controls. These findings suggest that anemia is the most frequent observations in patients with RA and mostly associative with increasing level of interleukin-6.

关键词： Rheumatoid arthritis interleukin-6 Iron status ACD (anemia of chronic diseases) proinflammatory cytokines.

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