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Multiplicity dependence of the freezeout parameters in high energy hadron-hadron collisions

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Chinese physics C 2024年第5期48卷 124-133页

作者： Muhammad Ajaz Majid Shehzad Muhammad Waqas Haifa I.alrebdi Mohammad Ayaz Ahmad Antalov Jagnandan Shawn Jagnandan Murad Badshah Jalal Hasan Baker Abdul Mosawir quraishi department of physics Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan 23200Pakistan School of Mathematics Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringHubei University of Automotive TechnologyShiyan 442002China department of physics College of SciencePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh 11671Saudi Arabia department of Mathematics Physics and StatisticsFaculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of Guyana101110 GeorgetownGuyananSouth America department of physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of TabukTabukKingdom of Saudi Arabia department of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringQassim UniversityUnaizahSaudi Arabia

We examined the transverse momentum(pT)spectra of various identified particles,encompassing both light-flavored and strange hadrons(π++π−,K++K−,p+p¯,ϕ,K0s,Λ+Λ¯,Ξ−+Ξ¯+,andΩ−+Ω¯+),across different multiplicity classes in proton-proton collisions(p-p)at a center-of-mass energy of s√=7 *** the Tsallis and Hagedorn models,parameters relevant to the bulk properties of nuclear matter were *** models exhibit good agreement with experimental *** our analyses,we observed a consistent decrease in the effective temperature(T)for the Tsallis model and the kinetic or thermal freeze-out temperature(T0)for the Hagedorn model,as we transitioned from higher multiplicity(class-I)to lower multiplicity(class-X).This trend is attributed to the diminished energy transfer in higher multiplicity ***,we observed that the transverse flow velocity(βT)experiences a decline from class-I to *** normalization constant,which represents the multiplicity of produced particles,was observed to decrease as we moved toward higher multiplicity *** the effective and kinetic freeze-out temperatures,as well as the transverse flow velocity,show a mild dependency on multiplicity for lighter particles,this dependency becomes more pronounced for heavier *** multiplicity parameter for heavier particles was observed to be smaller than that of lighter particles,indicating a greater abundance of lighter hadrons compared to heavier *** particle species were observed to undergo decoupling from the fireball at distinct temperatures:lighter particles exhibit lower temperatures,while heavier ones show higher temperatures,thereby supporting the concept of multiple freeze-out ***,we identified a positive correlation between the kinetic freeze-out temperature and transverse flow velocity,a scenario where particles experience stronger collective motion at a higher freeze-out *** reason for this positive correlation is th

关键词： multiplicity dependence collective properties thermal energy

Quantification of Silicon (SI) and Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂) from the Nafud Desert-al-Qassim Region, kingdom of saudi arabia Using XRD Analysis

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Advances in Materials physics and Chemistry 2024年第5期14卷 67-75页

作者： Nagwa Ibrahim Mohamed department of physics College of Science Qassim University Buraydah Saudi Arabia

This research was conducted in the Qassim region, kingdom of saudi arabia. The goal of this research is to determine the percentage of silicon in the Rub al-Khali desert. Samples were collected from four cities located in the al-Qassim Region of saudi arabia (Uyun al-Jawa, al-Fuwailiq, al-Sulaibiya, and al-Qawara), from three distinct depths (the earth’s surface, 50 cm, and 100 cm). The percentages of silicon in these places vary between the highest value for silicon dioxide, which is 74.47 m/m%, and 34.8 m/m% for silicon in al-Qawara city at a depth of 100 cm. We used an x-ray fluorescence (XRF) instrument to evaluate the samples. There are high percentage of both silica and silicon in the Nafud desert. Studies have shown that these ratios can help investors benefit from an element of Silicon and silicon dioxide, so the sands of the Nafud desert is sufficient for extracting Silicon and silica in huge quantities. This may transform the kingdom into a leading country in the global computer technology industry that depends on silicon extracted from the desert sands, the most important of which are microcomputer data processing devices.

关键词： Silica Sand Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) Analyzer Solar Cells Nafud Desert al-Qawwarh

High-Order Spatial FDTD Solver of Maxwell’s Equations for Terahertz Radiation Production

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and physics 2024年第4期12卷 1028-1042页

作者： Abdelrahman Mahdy department of Physical Sciences College of Science Jazan University Jazan Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

We applied a spatial high-order finite-difference-time-domain (HO-FDTD) scheme to solve 2D Maxwell’s equations in order to develop a fluid model employed to study the production of terahertz radiation by the filamentation of two femtosecond lasers in air plasma. We examined the performance of the applied scheme, in this context, we implemented the developed model to study selected phenomena in terahertz radiation production, such as the excitation energy and conversion efficiency of the produced THz radiation, in addition to the influence of the pulse chirping on properties of the produced radiation. The obtained numerical results have clarified that the applied HO-FDTD scheme is precisely accurate to solve Maxwell’s equations and sufficiently valid to study the production of terahertz radiation by the filamentation of two femtosecond lasers in air plasma.

关键词： The Finite-Difference-Time-Domain Terahertz Radiation Production Filamentation of Femtosecond Laser Maxwell’s Equations Solution

FlowBreakdown of Hybrid Nanofluid on a Rigid Surface with Power Law Fluid as Lubricated Layers

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第2期138卷 1485-1499页

作者： Mirza Naveed Jahangeer Baig NadeemSalamat Sohail Nadeem NaeemUllah Mohamed Bechir Ben Hamida Hassan ali Ghazwani Sayed M.Eldin A.S.al-Shafay Instituite of Mathematics Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information TechnologyRahim yar Khan64200Pakistan department of Mathematics Quaid-I-Azam UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan department of Mathematics Wenzhou UniversityWenzhou325035China college of Engineering Department of Mechanical EngineeringImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh11564Saudi Arabia Research Laboratory of Ionized Backgrounds and Reagents Studies(EMIR) Preparatory Institute for Engineering Studies of Monastir(IPEIM)University of MonastirMonastir5060Tunisia Higher School of Sciences and Technology of Hammam Sousse Department of PhysicsJazan82511Kingdom of Saudia Arabia department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of engineeringJazan UniversityP.O.Box 45124JazanKingdom of Saudia Arabia Center of Research Faculty of EngineeringFuture University in EgyptNew Cairo11835Egypt department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlkharj16436Saudi Arabia

Thiswork investigates an oblique stagnation point flowof hybrid nanofluid over a rigid surface with power lawfluidas lubricated layers. Copper (Cu) and Silver (Ag) solid particles are used as hybrid particles acting in water H2O asa base fluid. The mathematical formulation of flow configuration is presented in terms of differential systemthat isnonlinear in nature. The thermal aspects of the flow field are also investigated by assuming the surface is a heatedsurface with a constant temperature T. Numerical solutions to the governing mathematical model are calculatedby the RK45 algorithm. The results based on the numerical solution against various flow and thermal controllingparameters are presented in terms of line graphs. The specific results depict that the heat flux increases over thelubricated-indexed parameter.

关键词： Oblique stagnation point flow hybrid nanofluid lubricated layer magnetohydrodynamics

Comparative Studies between Picard’s and Taylor’s Methods of Numerical Solutions of First Ordinary Order Differential Equations Arising from Real-Life Problems

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and physics 2024年第3期12卷 877-896页

作者： Khalid Abd Elrazig Awad alla Elnour department of Mathematics Preparatory Deanship Najran University Najran Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

To solve the first-order differential equation derived from the problem of a free-falling object and the problem arising from Newton’s law of cooling, the study compares the numerical solutions obtained from Picard’s and Taylor’s series methods. We have carried out a descriptive analysis using the MATLAB software. Picard’s and Taylor’s techniques for deriving numerical solutions are both strong mathematical instruments that behave similarly. all first-order differential equations in standard form that have a constant function on the right-hand side share this similarity. As a result, we can conclude that Taylor’s approach is simpler to use, more effective, and more accurate. We will contrast Rung Kutta and Taylor’s methods in more detail in the following section.

关键词： First-Order Differential Equations Picard Method Taylor Series Method Numerical Solutions Numerical Examples MATLAB Software

Strategies to achieve effective nitrogen activation

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Carbon Energy 2024年第5期6卷 137-163页

作者： Bin Chang Huabin Zhang Shuhui Sun Gaixia Zhang KAUST Catalysis Center(KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique(INRS) CentreÉnergie Matériaux TélécommunicationsVarennesQuébecCanada department of Electrical Engineering École de Technologie Supérieure(ÉTS)MontréalQuébecCanada

Ammonia serves as a crucial chemical raw material and hydrogen energy *** electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR),powered by renewable energy,has attracted tremendous interest during the past few *** some achievements have been revealed in aqueous NRR,significant challenges have also been *** activity and selectivity are fundamentally limited by nitrogen activation and competitive hydrogen *** review focuses on the hurdles of nitrogen activation and delves into complementary strategies,including materials design and system optimization(reactor,electrolyte,and mediator).Then,it introduces advanced interdisciplinary technologies that have recently emerged for nitrogen activation using high-energy physics such as plasma and *** a better understanding of the corresponding reaction mechanisms in the coming years,these technologies have the potential to be extended in further *** review provides further insight into the reaction mechanisms of selectivity and stability of different reaction *** then recommend a rigorous and detailed protocol for investigating NRR performance and also highlight several potential research directions in this exciting field,coupling with advanced interdisciplinary applications,in situ/operando characterizations,and theoretical calculations.

关键词： activation via mediators catalyst optimization electrochemical nitrogen fixation high-energy activation of nitrogen nitrogen

Fuzzy Logic Inference System for Managing Intensive Care Unit Resources Based on Knowledge Graph

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第12期77卷 3801-3816页

作者： Ahmad F Subahi Areej Athama department of Computer Science University College of Al JamoumUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah21421Saudi Arabia

With the rapid growth in the availability of digital health-related data,there is a great demand for the utilization of intelligent information systems within the healthcare *** systems can manage and manipulate this massive amount of health-related data and encourage different decision-making *** can also provide various sustainable health services such as medical error reduction,diagnosis acceleration,and clinical services quality *** intensive care unit(ICU)is one of the most important hospital ***,there are limited rooms and resources in most *** times of seasonal diseases and pandemics,ICUs face high admission *** line with this increasing number of admissions,determining health risk levels has become an essential and imperative *** creates a heightened demand for the implementation of an expert decision support system,enabling doctors to accurately and swiftly determine the risk level of ***,this study proposes a fuzzy logic inference system built on domain-specific knowledge graphs,as a proof-of-concept,for tackling this healthcare-related *** system employs a combination of two sets of fuzzy input parameters to classify health risk levels of new admissions to *** proposed system implemented utilizes MATLAB Fuzzy Logic Toolbox via several experiments showing the validity of the proposed system.

关键词： Fuzzy logic role-based expert system decision-support system knowledge graph Internet of Things ICU resource management Neo4J graph database

A Coprocessor Architecture for 80/112-bit Security Related Applications

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 6849-6865页

作者： Muhammad Rashid Majid alotaibi department of Computer Engineering Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah21955Saudi Arabia

We have proposed a flexible coprocessor key-authentication architecture for 80/112-bit security-related applications over GF(2m)field by employing Elliptic-curve Diffie Hellman(ECDH)*** flexibility,a serial input/output interface is used to load/produce secret,public,and shared keys ***,to reduce the hardware resources and to achieve a reasonable time for cryptographic computations,we have proposed a finite field digit-serial multiplier architecture using combined shift and accumulate ***,two finite-statemachine controllers are used to perform efficient control *** proposed coprocessor architecture over GF(2^(163))and GF(2^(233))is programmed using Verilog and then implemented on Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA(field-programmable-gate-array)*** GF(2^(163))and GF(2^(233)),the proposed flexible coprocessor use 1351 and 1789 slices,the achieved clock frequency is 250 and 235MHz,time for one public key computation is 40.50 and 79.20μs and time for one shared key generation is 81.00 and 158.40μ***,the consumed power over GF(2^(163))and GF(2^(233))is 0.91 and 1.37mW,*** proposed coprocessor architecture outperforms state-of-the-art ECDH designs in terms of hardware resources.

关键词： Coprocessor design key-authentication wireless sensor nodes RFID ECDH FPGA

Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence Applications to Defeat COVID-19 Pandemic

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第2期40卷 691-702页

作者： Mohammed Baz Sabita Khatri Abdullah Baz Hosam alhakami alka Agrawal Raees Ahmad Khan department of Computer Engineering College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif P.O.Box 11099Taif 21944Saudi Arabia department of Information Technology Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar UniversityLucknow226025India department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SystemsUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah21955Saudi Arabia department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SystemsUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah21955Saudi Arabia

The rapid emergence of novel virus named SARS-CoV2 and unchecked dissemination of this virus around the world ever since its outbreak in 2020,provide critical research criteria to assess the vulnerabilities of our current health *** paper addresses our preparedness for the management of such acute health emergencies and the need to enhance awareness,about public health and healthcare *** view of this unprecedented health crisis,distributed ledger and AI technology can be seen as one of the promising alternatives for fighting against such epidemics at the early stages,and with the higher *** the implementation level,blockchain integration,early detection and avoidance of an outbreak,identity protection and safety,and a secure drug supply chain can be *** the opposite end of the continuum,artificial intelligence methods are used to detect corona effects until they become too serious,avoiding costly drug *** paper explores the application of blockchain and artificial intelligence in order to fight with COVID-19 epidemic *** paper analyzes all possible newly emerging cases that are employing these two technologies for combating a pandemic like COVID-19 along with major challenges which cover all technological and motivational *** paper has also discusses the potential challenges and whether further production is required to establish a health monitoring system.

关键词： Artificial intelligence information privacy machine learning coronavirus(COVID-19) SARS-CoV-2 epidemic