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Diagnostic Study of an Extreme Explosive Cyclone over the Kuroshio/Kuroshio Extension Region

Journal of ocean University of China 2024年第3期23卷 605-617页

作者： ZHANG Shuqin LIAO Qinghua LIU Chunlei GAO Xiaoyu LONG Jingchao LI Pengyuan XU Jianjun College of ocean and Meteorology Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088China South China Sea Institute of Marine Meteorology Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088China CMA-GDOU Joint laboratory for Marine Meteorology Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088China key laboratory of climate Resources and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Sea of Department of Education of Guangdong ProvinceGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088China State key laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Department of Marine Meteorology Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate LaboratoryKey Laboratory of Physical OceanographyOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China

Explosive cyclones(ECs)occur frequently over the Kuroshio/Kuroshio Extension *** most rapidly intensified EC over the Kuroshio/Kuroshio Extension region during the 42 years(1979-2020)of cold seasons(October-April)was studied to reveal the variations of the key factors at different explosive-developing *** EC had weak low-level baroclinicity,mid-level cyclonic-vorticity advection,and strong low-level water vapor convergence at the initial explosive-developing *** low-level baroclinicity and mid-level cyclonic-vorticity advection increased substantially during the maximum-deepening-rate *** diagnostic analyses using the Zwack-Okossi equation showed that diabatic heating was the main contributor to the initial rapid intensification of this *** cyclonic-vorticity advection and warm-air advection enhanced rapidly in the middle and upper troposphere and contributed to the maximum rapid intensification,whereas the diabatic heating weakened slightly in the mid-low *** relative contribution of the diabatic heating decreased from the initial explosive-developing stage to the maximum-deepening-rate stage due to the enhancement of other factors(the cyclonic-vorticity advection and warm-air advection).Furthermore,the physical factors contributing to this EC varied with the explosive-developing *** non-key factors at the initial explosive-developing stage need attention to forecast the rapid intensification.

关键词： explosive cyclone diabatic heating cyclonic-vorticity advection rapid intensification the Kuroshio/Kuroshio Extension region

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Four-to Six-Year Periodic Variation of Arctic Sea-Ice Extent and Its Three Main Driving Factors

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Advances in atmospheric Sciences 2024年第10期41卷 1999-2010页

作者： Ping CHEN Jinping ZHAO Xiaoyu WANG Institute of oceanographic Instrumentation Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)Qingdao 266000China College of oceanic and atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266000China Frontiers Science Center for Deep ocean Multispheres and Earth Systemkey Laboratory of Physical OceanographyOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266000China

Besides the rapid retreating trend of Arctic sea-ice extent(SIE),this study found the most outstanding low-frequency variation of SIE to be a 4-6-year periodic *** a clustering analysis algorithm,the SIE in most ice-covered regions was clustered into two special regions:Region-1 around the Barents Sea and Region-2 around the Canadian Basin,which were located on either side of the Arctic Transpolar *** 4-6-year periodic variation in these two regions was identified using a novel method called“running linear fitting algorithm”.The rate of temporal variation of the Arctic SIE was related to three driving factors:the regional air temperature,the sea-ice areal flux across the Arctic Transpolar Drift,and the divergence of sea-ice *** 4-6-year periodic variation was found to have always been present since 1979,but the SIE responded to different factors under heavy and light ice conditions divided by the year *** joint contribution of the three factors to SIE variation exceeded 83%and 59%in the two regions,respectively,remarkably reflecting their dynamic *** is proven that the process of El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)is closely associated with the three factors,being the fundamental source of the 4-6-year periodic variations of Arctic SIE.

关键词： sea-ice extent periodic variation air temperature sea-ice areal flux Arctic Transpolar Drift ice-drift divergence ENSO

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Source apportionment of PM_(2.5)using PMF combined online bulk and single-particle measurements:Contribution of fireworks and biomass burning

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 325-336页

作者： Yanjing Zhang Wenshuai Li Lei Li Mei Li Zhen Zhou Jianzhen Yu Yang Zhou Frontier Science Center for Deep ocean Multispheres and Earth System(FDOMES)and physical oceanography laboratory Ocean University of ChinaQingdaoShandong 266100China College of oceanic and atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdaoShandong 266100China Institute of atmospheric Environment Safety and Pollution Control Jinan UniversityGuangdong 510632China Institute of Environment Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina Department of Chemistry Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina Division of Environment The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina

Fireworks(FW)could significantly worsen air quality in short term during *** to similar tracers with biomass burning(BB),the fast and precise qualification of FW and BB is still *** this study,online bulk and single-particle measurements were combined to investigate the contributions of FW and BB to the overall mass concentrations of PM_(2.5)and specific chemical species by positive matrix factorization(PMF)during the Chinese New Year in Hong Kong in February *** combined information,fresh/aged FW(abundant ^(140)K_(2)NO_(3)^(+)and ^(213)K_(3)SO_(4)^(+)formed from ^(113)K_(2)Cl^(+)discharged by fresh FW)can be extracted from the fresh/aged BB sources,in addition to the Second Aerosol,Vehicles+Road Dust,and Sea Salt *** contributions of FW and BB were investigated during three high particle matter episodes influenced by the pollution transported from the Pearl River Delta *** fresh BB/FW contributed 39.2%and 19.6%to PM_(2.5)during the Lunar Chinese New Year ***,the contributions of aged FW/BB enhanced in the last two episodes due to the aging process,evidenced by high contributions from secondary ***,the fresh BB/FW showed more significant contributions to nitrate(35.1%and15.0%,respectively)compared with sulfate(25.1%and 5.9%,respectively)and OC(14.8%and11.1%,respectively)on *** comparison,the aged FW contributed more to sulfate(13.4%).Overall,combining online bulk and single-particle measurement data can combine both instruments’advantages and provide a new perspective for applying source apportionment of aerosols using PMF.

关键词： Source apportionment PMF Online bulk measurements Single particle analysis Fireworks Biomass burning

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Sea surface height oscillation with quasi-four-month period along the continental slope in the northern South China Sea

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Chinese Journal of oceanology and Limnology 2012年第2期30卷 352-359页

作者：曹俊和刘秦玉 physical oceanography laboratory Key Laboratory of Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate in Universities of ShandongOcean University of China

The sea surface height oscillation with a quasi-four-month period （SSHO4） along continental slope in the northern South China Sea （NSCS） is detected using satellite altimeter data and an ocean model simulation. The SSHO4 is at southwest of Dongsha Island, and is characterized by a wavelength of-600 km and a southwestward phase speed of-0.1 m/s. Crossing the climatological background SST front, geostrophic currents corresponding to the SSHO4 generally induce sea surface temperature （SST）＂tongues＂ during January-March. The cold and warm SST tongues appear southwest of cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies, respectively. The distance between the warm and cold SST tongues is about half the wavelength of the SSHO4. The geostrophic currents play an important role in lateral mixing, as manifested by the SST tongue phenomena in the NSCS.

关键词： sea surface height heat advection eddies continental slope

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Dynamic Linkage between the North Pacific and the Tropical Pacific:Atmosphere-ocean Coupling

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Advances in atmospheric Sciences 2013年第2期30卷 306-314页

作者：李春吴立新 physical oceanography laboratory & key laboratory of ocean-Atmosphere interaction and climate in universities of shandong Ocean University of China

In this study, dynamic linkage of atmosphere-ocean coupling between the North Pacific and the tropical Pacific was demonstrated using a large number of ensemble perturbed initial condition experiments in a fully coupled fast ocean-atmosphere model （FOAM）. In the FOAM model, an idealized mixed layer warming was initiated in the Kuroshio-Oyashio extension region, while the ocean and atmosphere remained fully coupled both locally and elsewhere. The modeling results show that the warm anomalies are associated with anomalous cyclonic winds, which induce initial warming anomalies extending downstream in the following winter. Then, the downstream warming spreads southwestward and induces SST warming in the equatorial Pacific via surface wind-evaporation-SST feedback. Warming in the tropical Pacific is further reinforced by Bjerknes＇ feedback.

关键词： Kuroshio-Oyashio extension ENSO atmosphere ocean coupling wind-evaporation-SST feed-back Bjerknes' feedback

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New perspectives on deep carbon cycling

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第8期67卷 2411-2422页

作者： Weidong SUN Center of Deep Sea Research Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and ForecastingInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laoshan laboratory Qingdao 266237China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The proto-atmosphere serves as a crucial starting point for the carbon *** based on atmospheric data from Mars and Venus suggest that Earth's proto-atmosphere contained>110 bar of CO_(2)and>2.6 bar of *** protoatmosphere had over 1000 bar of water vapor during the magma ocean stage,assuming the proto-ocean had a volume of two oceans of *** this stage both water and carbon dioxide were in a supercritical state at the magma-atmosphere *** serpentinization reactions occurred due to rock-water interaction,producing abundant ***,nitrogen is reduced to ammonia,and carbon dioxide to methane,forming carbonate *** proto-atmosphere dominated by methane,ammonia,and hydrogen formed a significant amount of amino acids through *** process is essential not only to the origin of life,but also to the early carbon-nitrogen cycle on *** the Hadean eon,a large amount of CO_(2)was sequestered as carbonate and organic ***,it mainly entered the deep mantle through mantle overturn or *** the mantle transition zone,carbonate undergoes“Redox freezing”,where carbonate is reduced to diamond through oxidation of ferrous iron in the *** the lower mantle,Fe^(2+)undergoes disproportionation reactions,forming Fe^(3+)and metallic *** these,Fe^(3+)mainly resides in bridgmanite,thereby increasing the oxygen fugacity of the lower mantle,while metallic iron falls to the Earth's *** distribution of carbon in the mantle is crucial for deep carbon *** density curves of diamond and mantle peridotite melt intersect at the bottom of the mantle transition zone(about 660 km).This density crossover leads to the accumulation of diamond during the magma ocean *** materials such as subducting slabs enter the lower mantle,compensatory upwelling of lower mantle material *** enters the upper mantle,decomposes,releasing Fe^(3+)ions and oxidizes diamond

关键词： Carbon cycling Proto-atmosphere Amino acids Subduction initiation Passive margin subduction atmospheric carbon dioxide

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直接和间接消费所引起的中国城乡空气污染相关过早死亡不平等性

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Science Bulletin 2024年第4期69卷 544-553页

作者：王旌旭林金泰刘宇吴锋倪睿婧陈璐璐任芳萱杜鸣溪李钟仪张浩雨刘正中 Frontier Science Center for Deep ocean Multispheres and Earth System(FDOMES)and physical oceanography laboratory Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China College of oceanic and atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China laboratory for climate and ocean-Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of Carbon Neutrality Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China State key laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Systems Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Public Policy and Administration Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

Household consumption in China is associated with substantial PM_(2.5)pollution,through activities directly(i.e.,fuel use)and/or indirectly(i.e.,consumption of goods and services)causing pollutant *** and rural households exhibit different consumption preferences and living areas,thus their contributions to and suffering from air pollution could *** this contrast is crucial for comprehending the environmental impacts of the nation’s ongoing urbanization *** we quantify Chinese urban and rural households’contributions to ambient PM_(2.5)pollution and the health risks they suffer from,by integrating economic,atmospheric,and health models and/or *** national premature deaths related to long-term exposure to PM_(2.5)pollution contributed by total household consumption are estimated to be 1.1 million cases in 2015,among which 56%are urban households and 44%are rural *** pollution contributed indirectly,urban households,especially in developed provinces,tend to bear lower mortality risks compared with the portions of deaths or pollution they *** opposite results are true for direct *** China’s rapid urbanization process,without adequate reduction in emission intensity,the increased indirect pollution-associated premature deaths could largely offset that avoided by reduced direct pollution,and the indirect pollution-associated urban–rural inequalities might become *** pollution mitigation strategies from both production and consumption sides could help with reducing pollution-related mortality and associated urban-rural inequality.

关键词： Urban and rural households Pollution contribution Mortality risk Inequality PM_(2.5)

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Relationship between ENSO and Winter Rainfall over Southeast China and Its Decadal Variability

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Advances in atmospheric Sciences 2012年第6期29卷 1129-1141页

作者：李春马浩 physical oceanography laboratory and key laboratory of ocean-Atmosphere interaction and climate in universities of shandong Ocean University of China Zhejiang Province climate Center

In this study, the relationship between El Nifio-Southern Oscillation （ENSO） and winter rainfall over Southeast China （SC） is demonstrated based on instrumental and reanalysis data. The results show that ENSO and SC winter rainfall （ENSO-SC rainfall） are highly correlated and intimately coupled through an anomalous high pressure over the northwestern Pacific. In mature phase, El Nifio （La Nina） events can cause more （less） rainfall over SC in winter. Due to the persistence and spring barrier of ENSO, SC winter rainfall has potential predictability of about half a year ahead with ENSO as a predictor.

关键词： ENSO winter rainfall decadal variability atmospheric teleconnection predictability

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Relationships of Interannual Variability Between the Equatorial Pacific and Tropical Indian ocean in 17 CMIP5 Models

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Journal of ocean University of China 2013年第2期12卷 237-244页

作者： LIU Qinyu GUO Feiyan ZHENG Xiao-Tong physical oceanography laboratory and key laboratory of ocean-Atmosphere interaction and climate in universities of shandong Ocean University of China

Seventeen coupled general circulation models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 （CMIP5） are employed to assess the relationships of interannual variations of sea surface temperature （SST） between the tropical Pacific （TP） and tropical Indian ocean （TIO）. The eastern/central equatorial Pacific features the strongest SST interannual variability in the models except for the model CSIRO-Mk3-6-0, and the simulated maximum and minimum are produced by models GFDL-ESM2M and GISS-E2-H respectively. However, It remains a challenge for these models to simulate the correct climate mean SST with the warm pool-cold tongue structure in the equatorial Pacific. Almost all models reproduce E1 Nifio-Southem Oscillation （ENSO）, Indian ocean Dipole mode （IOD） and Indian ocean Basin-wide mode （lOB） together with their seasonal phase lock features being simulated; but the relationship between the ENSO and IOD is different for different models. Consistent with the observation, an Indian ocean basin-wide warming （cooling） takes place over the tropical Indian ocean in the spring following an E1 Nifio （La Nifia） in almost all the models. In some models （e.g., GFDL-ESM2G and MIROC5）, positive ENSO and IOB events are stronger than the negative events as shown in the observation. However, this asymmetry is reversed in some other models （e.g., HadGEM2-CC and HadGEM2-ES）.

关键词： Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 sea surface temperature E1 Nifio-Southern Oscillation tropical Indian ocean tropical Pacific ocean interannual variability

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Analysis on Long-Term Change of Sea Surface Temperature in the China Seas

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Journal of ocean University of China 2013年第2期12卷 295-300页

作者： LIU Qinyu ZHANG Qi physical oceanography laboratory and key laboratory of ocean-Atmosphere interaction and climate in universities of shandong Ocean University of China

Long-term change of sea surface temperature （SST） in the China Seas from 1900 to 2006 is examined based on two different observation datasets （HadlSSTI and HadSST3）. Similar to the Atlantic, SST in the China Seas has been well observed during the past 107 years. A comparison between the reconstructed （HadISSTI） and un-interpolated （HadSST3） datasets shows that the SST wanning trends from both datasets are consistent with each other in most of the China Seas. The warming trends are stronger in winter than in summer, with a maximum rate of SST increase exceeding 2.7℃ （100year）-I in the East China Sea and the Taiwan Strait during winter based on HadISSTI. However, the SST from both datasets experienced a sudden decrease after 1999 in the China Seas. The estimated trend from HadlSSTI is stronger than that fi＇om HadSST3 in the East China Sea and the east of Taiwan Island, where the difference in the linear SST warming trends are as large as about 1℃ （100year）-I when using respectively HadISST1 and HadSST3 datasets. When compared to the linear winter warnling trend of the land surface air temperature （1.6℃ （100 year）-1）, HadSST3 shows a more reasonable trend of less than 2.1℃（ 100 year）-1 than HadISST 1 ＇s trend of larger than 2.7℃ （ 100 year）-1 at the mouth of the Yangtze River. The restllts also indicate large uncertainties in the estimate of SST warming patterns.

关键词： long-term linear trend sea surface temperature China Seas, reconstructed data un-interpolated data uncertainties

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