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Pause or No Pause?—Prosodic Phrase Boundaries Revisited

Tsinghua Science and Technology 2008年第4期13卷 500-509页

作者：郑秋豫张俊祥 phonetics Lab Institute of Linguistics Academia Sinica Taipei 11529

This study presents evidence from analyses of the acoustic parameters of fluent continuous speech to show that within-paragraph prosodic phrase boundaries are related more to contrasts of neighborhood prosodic states rather than between-phrase pause durations; prosodic states receive more constraints from higher level discourse information. By revising a modular acoustic model by Tseng＇s hierarchical prosodic phrase grouping framework and examining the much varied prosodic phrase （PPh） boundary B3 within speech paragraph, we show that statistical accounts of layered contributions reveal distinct contrasts between boundary immediate duration and intensity patterns irrespective of pause duration. Contrasts of FO contour patterns were also observed in these locations. Evidence was also obtained to illustrate how PPh boundary states are specified more by higher level discourse information than by lower level prosodic word construction. These combined results suggest that contrastive neighboring prosodic states are more significant cues to PPh boundaries than boundary pause duration. The results also help explain why in fluent speech between-phrase pause durations vary greatly, and can be applied to automatic speech segmentation.

关键词： fluent speech prosody hierarchical prosody group prosodic state prosodic phrase boundary break discourse prosody linear regression model

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Feedforward Control of a 3-D Physiological Articulatory Model for Vowel Production

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2009年第5期14卷 617-622页

作者：方强 Akikazu Nishikido Jianwu Dang phonetics Laboratory Institute of Linguistics Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Beijing 100732 China School of Information Science Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Nomi 923-1292 Japan

A three-dimensional （3-D） physiological articulatory model was developed to account for the biomechanical properties of the speech organs in speech production. Control of the model to investigate the mechanism of speech production requires an efficient control module to estimate muscle activation patterns, which is used to manipulate the 3-D physiological articulatory model, according to the desired articulatory posture. For this purpose, a feedforward control strategy was developed by mapping the articulatory target to the corresponding muscle activation pattern via the intrinsic representation of vowel articulation. In this process, the articulatory postures are first mapped to the corresponding intrinsic representations; then, the articulatory postures are clustered in the intrinsic representations space and a nonlinear function is approximated for each cluster to map the intrinsic representation of vowel articulation to the muscle activation pattern by using general regression neural networks （GRNN）. The results show that the feedforward control module is able to manipulate the 3-D physiological articulatory model for vowel production with high accuracy both acoustically and articulatorily.

关键词： speech production articulatory model articulatory posture intrinsic dimension feedforward control

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维普期刊数据库

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Tone-Vowel Interaction in Standard Chinese

Tone-Vowel Interaction in Standard Chinese

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作者： Philip Hoole Fang Hu phonetics institute Munich University phonetics Lab Institute of LinguisticsChinese Academy of Social Sciences

The effect of tone production on the position of the articulators(tongue, jaw, lower lip) was examined by means of threedimensional electromagnetic articulography. Most differences found involved Tone 3 relative to the other tones. While/u, a/showed retraction and lowering this pattern did not extend to all vowels. Head position during vowel production was also analyzed. Even more consistently than for the articulatory data,Tone 3 tended to differ from the other tones, showing a lower and more posterior head position. Finally, tongue and jaw influences on intrinsic pitch in Mandarin are briefly considered.

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Pause or No Pause?——Prosodic Phrase Boundaries Revisited

Pause or No Pause?——Prosodic Phrase Boundaries Revisited

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第九届全国人机语音通讯学术会议

作者： Chiu-yu Tseng Chun-Hsiang Chang phonetics Lab Institute of Linguistics Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan phonetics Lab Institute of Linguistics Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan

In this study, we present evidences from analyzing acoustic parameters of fluent continuous speech to show that within-paragraph prosodic phrase boundaries are related more to contrasts of neighborhood prosodic states rather than between-phrase pause durations;prosodic states receive more constraints from higher level discourse information. Revising a modular acoustic model by Tseng’s Hierarchical Prosodic Phrase Grouping （HPG） framework [2, 3] and examining the much varied Prosodic Phrase （PPh） boundary B3 within speech paragraph, statistical accounts of layered contributions reveal distinct contrasts between boundary immediate duration and intensity patterns irrespective of pause duration. Contrasts of F0 contour patterns were also observed in these locations. Evidences obtained also illustrate how PPh boundary states are specified more by higher level discourse information than by lower level prosodic word construction. These results combined suggest that contrastive neighboring prosodic states are more significant cues to PPh boundaries;boundary pause duration is less significant. The results also help explain why in fluent speech between-phrase pause durations vary greatly, and can be applied to automatic speech segmentation.

关键词： fluent speech prosody Hierarchical Prosody Group prosodic state prosodic phrase boundary break discourse prosody linear regression model

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Interaction of Syntax-marked Focus and Wh-question Induced Focus in Standard Chinese

Interaction of Syntax-marked Focus and Wh-question Induced F...

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作者： Yuan Jia Aijun Li phonetics Lab Institute of Linguistics Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

The present study mainly investigates the interaction of syntaxmarked focus and wh-question induced focus on the formation of F0 patterns in Standard Chinese(Hereinafter, SC). Acoustic experiment demonstrates that the syntax-marked(lian or shi) focus can co-exist with the wh-question induced focus. The results are two folds:(i) the two kinds of focuses can add together to trigger more obvious F0 prominence on the underfocus constituents and F0 compression on the post-focus constituents;(ii) they can realize prominences simultaneously on difference constituents in one sentence. Therefore, the F0 pattern of SC presents itself to observe the nuclear prominence and prenuclear prominence classification as in English. Specifically, the single focus induces the nuclear prominence and the dual focus triggers both nuclear prominence and pre-nuclear prominence.

关键词： Syntax-marked focus Wh-question induced focus nuclear prominence pre-nuclear prominence

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Friendly Speech Analysis and Perception in Standard Chinese

Friendly Speech Analysis and Perception in Standard Chinese

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作者： Aijun Li Haibo Wang phonetics Laboratory Institute of LinguisticsChinese Academy of Social Sciences

Previous analyses on friendly speech were made using dialogues without differentiating their linguistic functions. This paper reports an analysis on declarative and interrogative sentences respectively. Pitch and duration of prosodic words were statistically analyzed and compared concerning factors of their positions and stresses. Based on the acoustic investigation of friendly speech, tonal pitch and prosodic duration distributions were adjusted in synthesis and the synthesized stimuli were subjected to perception test. It was found that:(1) Friendliness of synthesized speech could be achieved via adjusting the perceptually distinctive acoustic parameters;(2) Tonal pitch is the most important cue for better expression of friendliness;(3) Only adjusting duration is no use for expressive friendly speech;(4) Interrogative sentences got higher perceptual results than declarative sentences;(5) A high boundary tone for interrogative sentence was usually used by speakers to express friendly speech.

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On the Lingual Articulation in Vowel Production: Case Study from Ningbo Chinese

On the Lingual Articulation in Vowel Production: Case Study ...

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作者： Fang Hu phonetics Lab Institute of Linguistics Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

Lingual articulation is of particular importance to understand both physiological and acoustic aspects of speech production. This paper presents a PARAFAC modeling of lingual articulation in vowel production in Ningbo Chinese. The lingual articulatory data were acquired from seven Ningbo speakers using Carstens’ s Eelectromagnetic Articulograph(EMA). Results show that a two-factor model best captures the tongue movement of vowel production, and the model explains about 90% of variance. The PARAFAC modeling of vowels is a speaker-independent generalization concerning the sampled tongue positions and the inferred lingual gestures. The results from Ningbo Chinese are consistent with those from English and other European languages. The fact that the extracted lingual movement mechanisms are comparable to the functional representation of tongue muscle forces from the EMG study(Maeda & Honda, 1994;Honda, 2000) suggests that the PARAFAC model of lingual articulation has physiological implications and reflexes speech motor organization for vowel articulation.

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A Phonetic and Phonological Analysis of Dual and Multiple Focuses in Standard Chinese

A Phonetic and Phonological Analysis of Dual and Multiple Fo...

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作者： Yuan Jia Aijun Li Ziyu Xiong phonetics Lab Institute of Linguistics Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

The present study investigates the acoustic manifestation and phonological nature of prominences induced by dual and multiple focuses in Standard Chinese(hereinafter SC). Results show that double focus exerted two prominences in the target sentence and these two prominences performed similar acoustic manifestations. However, under a multiple focus condition, only the rightmost focused constituent realized prominence in the sentence. Based on this evidence, this study proposed that the prominence pattern in SC have hierarchical levels, and this phenomenon can be accounted for by the distinction of nuclear accent and pre-nuclear accent as in English. Specifically, in SC, the nuclear prominence is characterized by obligatory and unique nature, while the pre-nuclear prominence is optional and secondary. There is no restriction on the appearance of nuclear prominence, while the appearance of pre-nuclear prominence is constrained by focus condition.

关键词： dual focus multiple focus nuclear prominence pre-nuclear prominence

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Tonal Effect on Vowel Articulation in a Tone Language

Tonal Effect on Vowel Articulation in a Tone Language

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作者： Fang Hu phonetics Lab Institute of Linguistics Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

This study investigates the tonal effect on vowel articulation in the Ningbo Chinese, a tone language. Tongue, jaw, and lip articulators were monitored during the production of different types of high and low tones using EMA. Preliminary results suggest that there are articulatory differences between high and low short tones and high and low rising tones, namely a retraction of tongue is detected in the production of low short and rising tones. However, for the high and low tonal element in the falling tone within the same syllable, there is no articulatory difference observed.

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On the Three-Way Distinction of Lip Rounding in Ningbo Chinese

On the Three-Way Distinction of Lip Rounding in Ningbo Chine...

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作者： Fang Hu phonetics Lab Institute of Linguistics Chinese Academy of Social Siences

This paper examines the three-way distinction of lip rounding among the three high front vowels in Ningbo Chinese. The articulatory data from 7 speakers show that the three high front vowels have similar lingual configurations but differ in lip gesture, namely spread for [i], horizontal protrusion for [y], and vertical protrusion for [Y]. And the results are supported by the acoustic data from 20 speakers.

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