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A substitution mutation in OsPELOTA confers bacterial blight resistance by activating the salicylic acid pathway

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2018年第2期60卷 160-172页

作者： Xiao-Bo Zhang Bao-Hua Feng Hui-Mei Wang Xia Xu Yong-Feng Shi Yan He Zheng Chen Atul Prakash Sathe Lei Shi Jian-Li Wu State Key Laboratory of rice Biology/Chinese National center for rice Improvement China National Rice Research Institute

We previously reported a spotted-leaf mutant pelota（originally termed HM_（47）） in rice displaying arrested growth and enhanced resistance to multiple races of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Here, we report the mapbased cloning of the causal gene OsPELOTA（originally termed spl^（HM47））. We identified a single base substitution from T to A at position 556 in the coding sequence of OsPELOTA, effectively mutating phenylalanine to isoleucine at position 186 in the translated protein sequence. Both functional complementation and over-expression could rescue the spotted-leaf phenotype. OsPELOTA, a paralogue to eukaryotic release factor 1（eRF_1）, shows high sequence similarity to Drosophila Pelota and also localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma *** is constitutively expressed in roots, leaves,sheaths, stems, and panicles. Elevated levels of salicylic acid and decreased level of jasmonate were detected in the pelota mutant. RNA-seq analysis confirmed that genes responding to salicylic acid were upregulated in the mutant. Our results indicate that the rice PELOTA protein is involved in bacterial leaf blight resistance by activating the salicylic acid metabolic pathway.

关键词： A substitution mutation in OsPELOTA confers bacterial blight resistance by activating the salicylic acid pathway

Fine-Mapping of qTGW1.2a, a Quantitative Trait Locus for 1000-Grain Weight in rice

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rice science 2019年第4期26卷 220-228,I0002-I0004,I0010,I0015页

作者： WANG Wenhui WANG Linlin ZHU Yujun FAN Yeyang ZHUANG Jieyun State Key Laboratory of rice Biology/Chinese National center for rice Improvement China National Rice Research Institute

Thousand-grain weight (TGW) is a key component of grain yield in rice. This study was conducted to validate and fine-map qTGW1.2a, a quantitative trait locus for grain weight and grain size previously located in a 933.6-kb region on the long arm of rice chromosome 1. Firstly, three residual heterozygotes (RHs) were selected from a BC2F11 population of the indica rice cross Zhenshan 97 (ZS97)///ZS97//ZS97/Milyang 46. The heterozygous segments in these RHs were arranged successively in physical positions, forming one set of sequential residual heterozygotes (SeqRHs). In each of the populations derived, non-recombinant homozygotes were identified to produce near isogenic lines (NILs) comprising the two homozygous genotypes. The NILs were tested for grain weight, grain length and grain width. QTL analyses for the three traits were performed. Then, the updated QTL location was followed for a new run of SeqRHs identification-NIL development-QTL mapping. Altogether, 11 NIL populations derived from four sets of SeqRHs were developed and used. qTGW1.2a was finally delimitated into a 77.5-kb region containing 13 annotated genes. In the six populations segregating this QTL, which were in four generations and were tested across four years, the allelic direction of qTGW1.2a remained consistent and the genetic effects were stable. For TGW, the additive effects ranged from 0.23 to 0.38 g and the proportions of phenotypic variance explained ranged from 26.15% to 41.65%. These results provide a good foundation for the cloning and functional analysis of qTGW1.2a.

关键词： fine mapping grain weight minor effect quantitative trait locus rice grain length grain width

Mapping of qTGW1.1,a Quantitative Trait Locus for 1000-Grain Weight in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

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rice science 2015年第1期22卷 9-15页

作者： ZHANG Hong-wei CHEN Yu-yu CHEN Jun-yu ZHU Yu-jun HUANG De-run FAN Ye-yang ZHUANG Jie-yun State Key Laboratory of rice Biology and Chinese National center for rice Improvement China National Rice Research Institute

1000-grain weight （ TGW） is one ot the three component traits ot the grain yiela in rice （Oryza sativa L）. This study was conducted to validate and fine-map qTGWl. 1, a minor QTL for TGW which was previously located in a 3.7-Mb region on the long arm of rice chromosome 1. Five sets of near isogenic lines （NILs） were developed from two BC2F4 populations of the indica rice cross Zhenshan 973/Milyang 46 The NIL sets consisted of two homozygous genotypic groups differing in the regions RM11448-RM11522, RM11448-RM11549, RM1232-RM11615, RM11543-RM11554 and RM11569-RM11621, respectively. Four traits, including TGW, grain length, grain width and heading date, were measured. Phenotypic difference between the two genotypic groups in each NIL population was analyzed using SAS procedure GLM. Significant QTL effects were detected on TGW with the Zhenshan 97 allele increasing grain weight by 0.12 g to 0.14 g and explaining 8.30% to 15.19% of the phenotypic variance. Significant effects were also observed for grain length and width, whereas no significant effect was found for heading date. Based on comparison among the five NILs on the segregating regions and the results of QTL analysis, qTGWl. 1 was delimited to a 376.9-kb region flanked by DNA markers Wn28382 and RMl1554. Our results indicate that the effects of minor QTLs could be steadily detected in a highly isogenic background and suggest that such QTLs could be utilized in the breeding of high-yielding rice varieties.

关键词： 1000-grain weight minor effect quantitative trait locus rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Characterization of a Novel Gain-of-Function Spotted-Leaf Mutant with Enhanced Disease Resistance in rice

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rice science 2019年第6期26卷 372-383页

作者： CHEN Ting CHEN Zheng Atul Prakash SATHE ZHANG Zhihong LI Liangjian SHANG Huihui TANG Shaoqing ZHANG Xiaobo WU Jianli State Key Laboratory of rice Biology/Chinese National center for rice Improvement China National Rice Research Institute

We here reported the identification and characterization of a novel gain-of-function spotted-leaf 26 (Spl26) mutant from an ethylmethylsulfone (EMS)-induced rice cultivar IR64. Spl26 displayed reddish- brown lesions that firstly appeared on the leaf tips at the early tillering stage and spread gradually downward to cover the whole leaf blades that wilted subsequently. The lesion development was light- dependent under natural conditions. Spl26 exhibited impaired photosynthetic capacity with decreased chlorophyll content and lowered photosynthetic parameters which ultimately led to the poor performance of agronomic traits. Severe cell death occurred in Spl26 in accompany with increased malonaldehyde level and membrane ion leakage rate, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, altered ROS scavenging activities, increased DNA fragmentation and decreased soluble protein levels. Defense responses were activated in Spl26 with enhanced resistance to rice bacterial blight, up-regulation of defense response genes and altered endogenous hormone levels. The spotted-leaf phenotype is controlled by a single dominant nuclear gene localized to a 305 kb region between RM5490 and InDel42 on the short arm of chromosome 7. The data suggested that Spl26 is a novel gain-of-function spotted-leaf mutant with enhanced bacterial disease resistance and immunity-associated premature leaf senescence and would provide the basis for cloning of the target gene.

关键词： defense response rice reactive oxygen species senescence spotted-leaf disease resistance

A Point Mutation in an F-Box Domain-Containing Protein Is Responsible for Brown Hull Phenotype in rice

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rice science 2016年第1期23卷 1-8页

作者： XU Xia ZHANG Xiao-bo SHI Yong-feng WANG Hui-mei FENG Bao-hua LI Xiao-hong HUANG Qi-na SONG Li-xin GUO Dan HE Yan WU Jian-li State Key Laboratory of rice Biology Chinese National Center for Rice ImprovementChina National Rice Research Institute

The accumulation of pigments affects the color of rice hulls while only limited information is known about its underlying mechanisms. In the present study, a rice brown hull 6（bh6） mutant was isolated from an ethane methyl sulfonate（EMS）-induced IR64 mutant bank. Brown pigments started to accumulate in bh6 rice hulls after heading and reached a higher level in mature seeds. Some major agronomic traits including panicle length and 1000-grain weight in bh6 were significantly lower than those in its corresponding wild type IR64, while other agronomic traits such as plant height, growth duration and seed-setting rate were largely similar between the two genotypes. The analysis of pigment content showed that the contents of total flavonoids and anthocyanin in bh6 hulls were significantly higher than those in IR64 hulls. Our results showed that the brown hull phenotype in bh6 was controlled by a single recessive gene which locates on the long arm of chromosome 9. Sequencing analysis detected a single base substitution（G/A） at position 1013 of the candidate gene（LOC_Os09g12150） encoding an F-box domain-containing protein（FBX310）. Functional complementation experiment using the wild type allele can rescue the phenotype in bh6. Thus, we named this mutated gene as Os FBX310^（bh6）, an allele of OsFBX310 functioning as an inhibitor of brown hull. The isolation of Os FBX310^（bh6） and its wild type allele can provide useful experimental materials and will facilitate the studies on revealing the mechanisms of flavonoid metabolism in monocot plants.

关键词： Oryza sativa L brown hull mutant OsFBX310 gene flavonoid metabolism

Elevation and Land Use Types Have Significant Impacts on Spatial Variability of Soil Organic Matter Content in Hani Terraced Field of Yuanyang County,China

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rice science 2015年第1期22卷 27-34页

作者： LI Feng-bo LU Guang-de ZHOU Xi-yue NI Hui-xiang XU Chun-chun YUE Chao YANG Xiu-mei FENG Jin-fei FANG Fu-ping rice Science & Technology Information center China National Rice Research Institute Agro-Tech Extension center of Yuanyang

Soil organic matter （SOM） content is one of the most important indicators of the sustainability of soil. To maintain sustainable soil utilization and management in fragile Hani terraced field, it is meaningful to investigate the effects of topography and land use type on SOM content. Descriptive statistics and geostatistics were used to analyze the data and the kriging method was applied to map the spatial patterns of SOM content. The results showed that the mean SOM content was 32.76 g/kg, with a variation coefficient of 40%. The SOM content was affected by elevation and land use type. As the increase of elevation, the SOM content in Hani terraced field also increased obviously. The SOM content in tea garden, which is almost at high elevation, was the highest in all six land use types, and the SOM content decreased in a following sequence： tea garden 〉 paddy field 〉 corn field 〉 banana garden 〉 cassava field 〉 sugarcane field. In addition, at the same elevation, the paddy field had the highest SOM content compared with other land use types. All these results demonstrate that paddy field is the most efficient and suitable land use type for SOM conservation at high, middle or low elevations in the fragile Hani terraced field. In order to protect soil quality and maintain the sustainable agricultural development, it is necessary to maintain or even to enlarge the area of paddy field in Yuanyang county, Yunnan Province, China.

关键词： Hani terraced field elevation land use type geostatistics soil organic matter content

K-Domain Splicing Factor OsMADS1 Regulates Open Hull Male Sterility in rice

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rice science 2015年第5期22卷 207-216页

作者： SUN Lian-ping ZHANG Ying-xin ZHANG Pei-pei YANG Zheng-fu ZHAN Xiao-deng SHEN Xi-hong ZHANG Zhen-hua HU Xia XUAN Dan-dan WU Wei-xun LI Zi-he CAO Li-yong CHENG Shi-hua National center for rice Improvement / Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super rice research China National Rice Research Institute College of Agronomy Shenyang Agricultural University

We identified the rice floral organ development mutant, termed as open hull and male sterile 1 （ohms1）, from the progeny of the indica restorer line Zhonghui 8015 treated with 60Co γ-ray irradiation. The ohms1 mutant exhibited an open hull and lemma- and palea-like structure conversion between the anthers and stigma, which resulted in the ohms1 mutant spikelet showing‘tridentate lemma＇. The ohms1 mutant was entirely sterile but had 60%-70% fertile pollen. Genetic analysis and gene mapping showed that ohms1 was controlled by a single recessive gene, and the mutant gene was fine-mapped to a 42-kb interval on the short arm of chromosome 3 between markers KY2 and KY29. Sequence analysis of the four open reading frames in this region revealed that the mutant carried a single nucleotide transformation （A to G） at the last base of the fifth intron, which was likely corresponded to ohms1 phynotype, in an MIKC type MADS-box gene OsMADS1 （LOC_Os03g11614）. Enzyme digestion and cDNA sequencing further indicated that the variable splicing was responsible for the deletion of the sixth exon in ohms1, but no structural changes in the MADS domain or amino acid frame shifts appeared. Additionally, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR analysis showed that the OsMADS1 expression level decreased significantly in the ohms1 mutant. The expression levels of rice flowering factors and floral glume development-related genes also changed significantly. These results demonstrate that OsMADS1 may play an important role in rice floral organ development, particularly in floral glume development and floret primordium differentiation.

关键词： rice open hull male sterile ohms1 gene mapping alternative splicing floral organ

Characterization of QTL for unique agronomic traits of new-plant-type rice varieties using introgression lines of IR64

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The Crop Journal 2016年第1期4卷 12-20页

作者： Analiza G.Tagle Daisuke Fujita Leodegario A.Ebron Mary Jeanie Telebanco-Yanoria Kazuhiro Sasaki Tsutomu Ishimaru Yoshimichi Fukuta Nobuya Kobayashi International rice research Institute Japan International research center for Agricultural Sciences

To enhance the yield potential of an elite indica rice cultivar,an introgression(BC_3-derived) line of IR64,YTH288,was developed using a new-plant-type cultivar,IR66215-44-2-3,as a donor ***288 has agronomically valuable characteristics such as large panicles,few unproductive tillers,and large leaves inherited from *** identify the genetic basis of these traits,we used 167 F_2 plants derived from a cross between IR64 and YTH288 to conduct QTL analysis for five agronomic traits:days to heading(DTH),culm length(CL),flag leaf length(FLL),flag leaf width(FLW),and filled spikelet number per panicle(FSN).Six putative QTL were detected:four on chromosome4(for CL,FLL,FLW,and FSN) and two on chromosome 2(for DTH and FLL).All QTL with the IR66215-44-2-3 allele,except that for FLL on chromosome 2,had positive effects on each *** confirm the effects of these putative QTL,we developed NILs with the IR64 genetic background by marker-assisted *** observed significant differences in several agronomic traits between IR64 and NILs that carried these QTL on chromosomes2 and ***,four IR64-NILs carrying chromosomal segments derived from different NPT varieties on the long arm of chromosome 4 exhibited similar pleiotropic To enhance the yield potential of an elite indica rice cultivar, an introgression(BC3-derived) line of IR64, YTH288, was developed using a new-plant-type cultivar,IR66215-44-2-3, as a donor parent. YTH288 has agronomically valuable characteristics such as large panicles, few unproductive tillers, and large leaves inherited from *** identify the genetic basis of these traits, we used 167 F2 plants derived from a cross between IR64 and YTH288 to conduct QTL analysis for five agronomic traits: days to heading(DTH), culm length(CL), flag leaf length(FLL), flag leaf width(FLW), and filled spikelet number per panicle(FSN). Six putative QTL were detected: four on chromosome4(for CL, FLL, FLW, and FSN) and two on chromosome 2(for DTH and FL

关键词： Agronomic traits Quantitative trait loci Near-isogenic lines New-plant-type rice variety Pleiotropic effect

Weedy red rice has novel sources of resistance to biotic stress

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The Crop Journal 2018年第5期6卷 443-450页

作者： Yulin Jia David Gealy USDA Agricultural research Service Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center

Weedy red rice(Oryza sativa;WRR),a close relative of cultivated rice,is a highly competitive weed that commonly infests rice fields and can also naturally interbreed with *** genes for biotic stress have been maintained in WRR and can be explored for *** we describe genetic and physiological traits of WRR that can be beneficial in preventing major rice *** blast,caused by the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae,and sheath blight disease,caused by the necrotrophic pathogen Rhizoctonia solani,are the two most damaging biotic stresses of *** major and minor resistance genes and QTL have been identified in cultivated and wild rice ***,novel QTL were recently found in the two major *** of WRR,blackhull-awned(BH)and strawhullawnless(SH),suggesting that WRR has evolved novel genetic mechanisms to cope with these biotic ***-eight accessions of WRR(PI 653412–PI 653439)from the southern USA were characterized and placed in the National Small Grains Collection,and are available for identification of novel genetic factors to prevent biotic stress.

关键词： Weedy red rice Oryza sativa Geng Aus Blast disease Sheath blight disease