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Does community-based health insurance affect lifestyle and timing of treatment seeking behavior?Evidence from Ethiopia

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Global Health Journal 2024年第2期8卷 83-90页

作者： Zecharias Fetene Anteneh Anagaw D.Mebratie Zemzem Shigute Getnet Alemu Arjun S.Bedi center for Health Economics University of YorkYorkUnited Kingdom School of Public Health College of Health SciencesAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia International Institute of Social Studies Erasmus University Rotterdamthe Haguethe Netherlands Institute of Development and Policy research Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia

Objectives This paper aims to investigate the effects of enrollment in the Ethiopian community-based health insurance(CBHI)scheme on household preventive care activities and the timing of treatment-seeking behavior for illness *** is growing concern about the financial sustainability of CBHI schemes in developing ***,few empirical studies have identified potential contributors,including ex-ante and ex-post moral *** We implement a household fixed-effect panel data regression model,drawing on three rounds of household survey data collected face to face in districts where CBHI scheme is operational and in districts where it is not operational in *** The findings show that enrolment in CBHI does not significantly influence household behaviour regarding preventive care activities such as water treatment before drinking and handwashing before ***,CBHI significantly increases delay in treatment-seeking behaviour for diseases ***,on average,we estimate about 4-6 h delay for malaria symptoms,a little above 4 h for tetanus,and 10-11 h for tuberculosis among the insured *** While there is evidence that CBHI improve the utilization of outpatient or primary care services,our study suggests that insured members may wait longer before visiting health *** delay could be partly due to moral hazard problems,as insured households,particularly those from rural areas,may consider the opportunity costs associated with visiting health facilities for minor ***,it is essential to identify the primary causes of delays in seeking medical services and implement appropriate interventions to encourage insured individuals to seek early medical attention.

关键词： Community-based health insurance Financial sustainability Preventive care Treatment-seeking behavior Household fixed effect Ethiopia

Cytotoxic lignans from the roots and rhizomes of Diphylleia sinensis,a China's endemic plant species

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2024年第9期22卷 831-841页

作者： SUN Yanjun ZHAO Chen BAI Hongyun LI Meng WANG Junmin HAO Zhiyou FENG Weisheng Co-construction Collaborative Innovation center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan&Education Ministry of China Henan University of Chinese MedicineZhengzhou 450046China Engineering and Technology center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province Zhengzhou 450046China School of Pharmacy Henan University of Chinese MedicineZhengzhou 450046China

Eight novel arylnaphthalide lactone lignans, designated as diphylignan A-H(1-8), and a new dibenzyltyrolactone lignan, designated as diphylignan I(9), were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Diphylleia sinensis, along with two additional novel natural products(11 and 14) and four known metabolites(10, 12, 13, 15). The structural and stereochemical characterization of these compounds was accomplished using NMR spectroscopy and electronic circular dichroism(ECD) analysis. The cytotoxic activities of all isolated compounds were assessed against A-549 and SMMC-7721 cell lines. Notably, compound 2 demonstrated the most significant cytotoxicity, with IC_(50) values of 10.27 and 11.58 μmol·L^(-1) against A-549 and SMMC-7721 cell lines, respectively, exhibiting greater potency than the positive control, cisplatin.

关键词： Diphylleia sinensis Dibenzyltyrolactone Arylnaphthalide Cytotoxic

αExtractor: a system for automatic extraction of chemical information from biomedical literature

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 618-621页

作者： Jiacheng Xiong Xiaohong Liu Zhaojun Li Hongzhong Xiao Guangchao Wang Zhenjiang Niu Chaoyuan Fei Feisheng Zhong Gang Wang Wei Zhang Zunyun Fu Zhiguo Liu Kaixian Chen Hualiang Jiang Mingyue Zheng Drug Discovery and Design center State Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201203China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China AI Department Suzhou Alphama Biotechnology Co.Ltd.Suzhou 215125China College of Computer and Information Engineering Dezhou UniversityDezhou 253023China

Dear Editor,Great progress has been made using artificial intelligence(AI) techniques in learning knowledge from biomedical databases in recent years, revolutionizing the study of many fields, such as protein structure prediction and protein design(Madani et al., 2023). However, there is massive biomedical knowledge not curated in the form of structured data but hidden in primary scientific literature.

关键词： has such knowledge

Numerical study of a bi-directional in-band pumped dysprosium-doped fluoride fiber laser at 3.2μm

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2024年第7期25卷 1017-1024页

作者： Lingjing LI Chunyang MA Nian ZHAO Jie PENG Bin LIU Haining JI Yuchen WANG Pinghua TANG School of Physics and Optoelectronics Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China research center of Circuits and Systems Peng Cheng LaboratoryShenzhen 518055China Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201899China

Dy^(3+)-doped fluoride fiber lasers have important applications in environment monitoring,real-time sensing,and polymer *** present,achieving a high-efficiency and high-power Dy^(3+)-doped fluoride fiber laser in the mid-infrared(mid-IR)region over 3μm is a scientific and technological ***,Dy^(3+)-doped fluoride fiber lasers use a unidirectional pumping method,which suffers from the drawback of high thermal loading density on the fiber tips,thus limiting power *** this study,a bi-directional in-band pumping scheme,to address the limitations of output power scaling and to enhance the efficiency of the Dy^(3+)-doped fluoride fiber laser at 3.2μm,is investigated numerically based on rate equations and propagation *** simulation results reveal that the optical‒optical efficiency of the bi-directional in-band pumped Dy^(3+)-doped fluoride fiber laser can reach 75.1%,approaching the Stokes limit of 87.3%.The potential for further improvement of the efficiency of the Dy^(3+)-doped fluoride fiber laser is also *** bi-directional pumping scheme offers the intrinsic advantage of mitigating the thermal load on the fiber tips,unlike unidirectional pumping,in addition to its high *** a result,it is expected to significantly scale the power output of Dy^(3+)-doped fluoride fiber lasers in the mid-IR regime.

关键词： Mid-infrared laser Fiber laser Bi-directional pumping

Paleontology Knowledge Graph for Data-Driven Discovery

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第3期35卷 1024-1034页

作者： Yiying Deng Sicun Song Junxuan Fan Mao Luo Le Yao Shaochun Dong Yukun Shi Linna Zhang Yue Wang Haipeng Xu Huiqing Xu Yingying Zhao Zhaohui Pan Zhangshuai Hou Xiaoming Li Boheng Shen Xinran Chen Shuhan Zhang Xuejin Wu Lida Xing Qingqing Liang Enze Wang School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009China State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and PaleoenvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China School of Earth Sciences and Engineering and Frontiers Science center for Critical Earth Material Cycling Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits research Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China Centre for research and Education on Biological Evolution and Environment Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China School of the Earth Sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China

A knowledge graph(KG)is a knowledge base that integrates and represents data based on a graph-structured data model or *** have made efforts to construct geosciencerelated KGs to overcome semantic heterogeneity and facilitate knowledge representation,data integration,and text ***,there is currently no comprehensive paleontology KG or data-driven discovery based on *** this study,we constructed a two-layer model to represent the ordinal hierarchical structure of the paleontology KG following a top-down construction *** ontology containing 19365 concepts has been defined up to *** this basis,we derived the synonymy list based on the paleontology KG and designed corresponding online functions in the OneStratigraphy database to showcase the use of the KG in paleontological research.

关键词： paleontology knowledge graph ontology synonymy list OneStratigraphy big data ge-ology.

A dialogue between gut microbiota and network pharmacology

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Medical Data Mining 2024年第4期7卷 56-57页

作者： Shi-Jun Yue International Joint research center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province Hebei University of Chinese MedicineShijiazhuang 050200China

The gastrointestinal system of the human body is home for a large number and rich variety of microbes,including bacteria,viruses,fungi and protozoa,which are collectively known as the gut microbiota(the largest and most intricate“organ”within the body).Till now,the groundbreaking research has emerged elucidating the pivotal role of the gut microbiota in human health and *** normal gut microbiota,after long evolution with the host,has formed an interdependent and mutually limited homeostasis system,which can produce beneficial metabolites for preserving intestinal integrity and preventing the onset of leaky gut syndrome along with subsequent immune activation and *** the number of gut microbial metabolites is not fully understood,several metabolites(e.g.,short-chain fatty acids and branched-chain amino acids)have been tested to determine positive or negative effects on the development of specific diseases,which may be a new direction for the prevention and treatment of diseases.

关键词： prevention collective breaking

A 48-bp deletion upstream of LIGULELESS 1 alters rice panicle architecture

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The Crop Journal 2024年第2期12卷 354-363页

作者： Linhua Wu Min Hu Shuwei Lyu Wenfeng Chen Hang Yu Qing Liu Wei He Chen Li Zuofeng Zhu Rice research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou 510640GuangdongChina National center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants(Rice) Department of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 310006ZhejiangChina Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China(Co-construction by Ministry and Province) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangzhou 510640GuangdongChina Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding Guangzhou 510640GuangdongChina Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory Guangzhou 510640GuangdongChina

Panicle architecture is an agronomic determinant of crop yield and a target for cereal crop *** investigate its molecular mechanisms in rice,we performed map-based cloning and characterization of OPEN PANICLE 1(OP1),a gain-of-function allele of LIGULELESS 1(LG1),controlling the spread-panicle *** allele results from a 48-bp deletion in the LG1 upstream region and promotes pulvinus development at the base of the primary *** OP1 expression and altered panicle phenotype in chimeric transgenic plants and upstream-region knockout mutants indicated that the deletion regulates spread-panicle architecture in the mutant spread panicle 1(sp1).Knocking out BRASSINOSTEROID UPREGULATED1(BU1)gene in the background of OP1 complementary plants resulted in compact panicles,suggesting OP1 may regulate inflorescence architecture via the brassinosteroid signaling *** regard that manipulating the upstream regulatory region of OP1 or genes involved in BR signal pathway could be an efficient way to improve rice inflorescence architecture.

关键词： Upstream region Panicle architecture Gene expression BR Rice

Ion and electron motions in the outer electron diffusion region of collisionless magnetic reconnection

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第3期8卷 472-478页

作者： Cong Chang QuanMing Lu San Lu Kai Huang RongSheng Wang Deep Space Exploration Laboratory School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace EnvironmentHefei 230026China Collaborative Innovation center of Astronautical Science and Technology Harbin 150001China

Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are performed to study the coupling between ion and electron motions in collisionless magnetic *** electron diffusion region(EDR),where the electron motions are demagnetized,is found to have a two-layer structure:an inner EDR near the reconnection site and an outer EDR that is elongated to nearly 10 ion inertial lengths in the outflow *** the inner EDR,the speed of the electron outflow increases when the electrons move away from the X *** the outer EDR,the speed of the electron outflow first increases and then decreases until the electrons reach the boundary of the outer *** the boundary of the outer EDR,the magnetic field piles up and forms a depolarization *** the perspective of the fluid,a force analysis on the formation of electron and ion outflows has also been *** the X line,the electrons are accelerated by the reconnection electric field in the out-of-plane *** the electrons move away from the X line,we find that the Lorentz force converts the direction of the accelerated electrons to the x direction,forming an electron *** electric field forces and electron gradient forces tend to drag the electron *** acceleration along the x direction is caused by the Lorentz force,whereas the pressure gradient force tends to decelerate the ion *** these two terms are important,their effects on ions are almost *** Hall electric field force does positive work on ions and is not *** ions are continuously accelerated,and the ion and electron outflow velocities are almost the same near the depolarization front.

关键词： collisionless magnetic reconnection electron diffusion region force analysis particle-in-cell simulation

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通过应变工程提高有机半导体的迁移率

Science China Materials 2024年第2期67卷 665-671页

作者：汪兆锋武显硕杨书院姚佳荣沈贤锋高丕超姚惜梦曾东李荣金胡文平 Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuit Ministry of Education&Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic SciencesDepartment of ChemistrySchool of ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Collaborative Innovation center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin) Tianjin 300072China Engineering research center of Coal-Based Ecological Carbon Sequestration Technology of the Ministry of Education Shanxi Datong UniversityDatong 037009China

有机半导体(OSCs)是推动柔性电子发展的关键.然而,其应用一直受到其较低迁移率的阻碍.虽然分子工程和器件工程可以提高OSC迁移率,但近年来进展几乎停滞不前.本研究揭示了有机半导体在应变下的层数依赖电荷输运特性,并通过应变工程可大... 详细信息

有机半导体(OSCs)是推动柔性电子发展的关键.然而,其应用一直受到其较低迁移率的阻碍.虽然分子工程和器件工程可以提高OSC迁移率,但近年来进展几乎停滞不前.本研究揭示了有机半导体在应变下的层数依赖电荷输运特性,并通过应变工程可大幅提高其迁移率.施加应变可以减小分子间π-π间距并减少电子-声子散射,从而提高电荷输运效率.我们观察到应变因子和材料厚度之间存在直接相关性,较薄的晶体具有较高的应变因子.使用分子级薄的二维分子晶体,我们观察到迁移率显著提高了58%.我们的研究结果为提高有机半导体的迁移率开辟了新的途径.

关键词： 2D molecular crystal organic field-effect transistor mobility strain engineering