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PHYSIOPHARMACOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PATHOLOGICAL PAIN STATES

神经解剖学杂志 2001年第B7期17卷 17-21页

作者： Jean-Marie BESSON INSERM UNITE 161 and EPHE 2 rue d'Alésia 75014 PARIS FRANCE PharmD DSc

Recordings in both animals and humans have identified various types of nociceptors. A large number of classification systems have been proposed. For example, in cutaneous tissue in man, the existence of unmyelinated polymodal nociceptors (conduction velocity<2m/sec) activated by mechanical, thermal and chemical stimuli have been clearly established. Similarly Aδ mechanothermal nociceptors and high threshold Aδ mechanoreceptors have been identified. The Aδ and C nociceptors have been clearly demonstrated in

关键词：疼痛头痛生理病理药理递质传导途径细胞因子受体

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A New Model for a New Central Purchasing Unit for Health Products to Support Reaching the Objectives of a Lasting Development and Facing Sanitary Crisis

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2018年第10期6卷 940-943页

作者： Alassane Ba Karl HOUNMENOU pharmd MHE Director of the CHMP Humanitarian Center of Pharmaceutical Practices Clermont-Ferrand 63000 France Pharm D MPH Head of Pharmaceutical Expertise and Training in CHMP Humanitarian Center of Pharmaceutical Practices Clermont-Ferrand 63000 France

Medicines are a global, strategic and diplomatic issue [1]. The UN General Secretary’s High Level Task Force [2] on Access to Medicines calls for a new approach to reduce the gap between medical innovations and access to medicines. Inequality in access to quality pharmaceutical products in a framework of global health democracy poses a threat to the ethical and equitable management of the provision of quality health care, particularly during global health crises. In French-speaking Africa, the lack of a unified production of pharmaceutical medicines forces wholesalers （public and private） to import almost all of their medicine demands resulting in a risk of dependence and major pharmaceutical quality defects. These central purchasing units are therefore often faced with the major challenge of guaranteeing the performance of their services and the security of their supplies. In order to achieve component 3 （“Access to Health”） of the SDOs （sustainable development goals）, in particular the access to affordable medicines, it is essential for a country to have a strategy of pharmaceutical independence [3] by anticipating the epidemiological transition and the management of health crises. This strategy of pharmaceutical independence is based in the short and medium term on the strengthening of central purchasing units and the establishment of a public-private partnership between central purchasing units and wholesalers, and in the long term on the establishment of competitive production units that comply with international standards. However, recent health crises have shown the fragility of public central purchasing units and make it difficult to anticipate health crises.

关键词： Medicines central purchasing unit access pharmaceutical products.

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