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The anatomic determinants of conductive hearing loss secondary to tympanic membrane perforation

Journal of Otology 2017年第3期12卷 125-131页

作者： David J.Carpenter Debara L.Tucci David M.Kaylie Dennis O.Frank-Ito Division of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences Department of Surgery Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA Computational Biology & Bioinformatics phd program Duke University Durham NC USA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University Durham NC USA

Objectives: Recent studies have introduced middle ear volume(MEV) as a novel determinant of perforation-induced conductive hearing loss(CHL) in a mechanism driven by trans-tympanic membrane pressure differences. The primary aims of this preliminary report are to: 1) correlate CHL with perforation size; 2) describe the relationship between CHL and MEV; and 3) compare CHL across a range of cholesteatoma ***: A retrospective pilot study was performed in 31 subjects with audiometry indicative of conductive hearing loss, temporal bone CT scans,and no prior middle ear surgery. Perforation size and MEV were analyzed with respect to CHL in a cohort of 10 perforated ears with no cholesteatoma. CHLs were compared in 3 groups defined by extent of cholesteatoma ***: Ears with large and small perforations showed mean ABG values of 32.0 ± 15.7 dB and 16.0 ± 16.4 dB, respectively. A direct relationship was observed between MEV and CHL for ears with large perforations across all frequencies, whereas this relationship for small perforations was frequency-dependent. Finally, a statistically significant increase in CHL was found across ears with increasing cholesteatoma involvement at 1000 Hz(X^2(2) = 9.786, p = 0.008),2000 Hz(x^2(2) = 8.455, p = 0.015),and 4000 Hz(x^2(2)= 8.253, p = 0.016).Conclusions: These pilot data suggest that greater perforation-induced conductive hearing losses may be associated with larger perforation sizes and cholesteatoma. The correlation between MEV and CHL may require additional study.

关键词： Perforation-induced hearing loss Conductive hearing loss Middle ear volume Three-dimensional volume reconstruction

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Absence of Quantitative Improvement in Neuropsychological Profiles in Patients Who Exhibit Moderate Brain Impairment: Comparisons of Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Data (1 through 4 Years Post-Injury)

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2013年第2期3卷 225-238页

作者： Sandra G. Tiller Linda S. St-Pierre Michael A. Persinger Clinical Neuropsychology Laboratory Department of Psychology and Behavioural Neuroscience Program Laurentian University Sudbury Canada

A total of 127 adult patients who had sustained an impact of significant mechanical energy to their skulls during motor vehicle incidents were given thorough neuropsychological, cognitive and personality assessments between 0.5 years and 4 years after the event. Cross-sectional analysis indicated no statistically significant objective changes in patients as a function of yearly intervals. However there was strong evidence of significant deterioration of neuropsychological proficiency and efficiency between 0.3 to 1.0 years after the injury. A subset (n = 20) of patients who displayed moderately severe neuropsychological impairment when assessed about 1 year after the injury showed no statistically significant changes when reassessed about 1.5 years later (2.5 years after the brain trauma). These results challenge the traditional concept of “recovery” following a traumatic brain injury and indicate that insidious processes that adversely affect neurocognitive capacity may emerge 0.5 years after the trauma. Post-hoc analysis indicated that the occurrence of unconsciousness or its duration at the time of the injury minimally affected the magnitude of subsequent indices of neuropsychological impairment but influenced the incidence of electroencephalographic theta activity during the years following the injury.

关键词： TBI Neuropsychological Impairment Test-Retest Reliability Personality Electroencephalographic Indicators

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A good gut feeling on Sarml-mediated axon degeneration

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Protein & Cell 2021年第8期12卷 596-598页

作者： Victoria E.von Saucken David J.Simon Department of Biochemistry Weill Cornell Medical College1300 York AvenueNew YorkNY 10065USA Tri-lnstitutional MD-phd program Weill Cornell MedicineRockefeller UniversityMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center1300 York AvenueNew YorkNY 10065USA

Axons,the cable-like projections of neurons,experience a wide range of stressors throughout their *** result of any one of these challenges can be catastrophic,promoting degeneration of the *** degeneration is an active signaling process observed in traumatic brain injury,chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathies,and neu-rodegenerative disease(Simon and Watkins,2018;Coleman and Hoeke,2020).

关键词： degeneration chemotherapy traumatic

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Examining brain structures associated with attention networks in a large sample of young adults: a voxel-based morphometry study

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Science Bulletin 2015年第21期60卷 1824-1832页

作者： Lei Hao Na Sang Xue Du Jiang Qiu Dongtao Wei Xu Chen Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU) Ministry of Education Department of psychology Southwest University

Attention networks have three principal com- ponents supported by separate subprocesses, which include alerting, orienting, and executive control （EC） networks. Efficiently and accurately extracting useful information from the environment as the function of attention is pivotal to our survival. Previous brain imaging studies have examined activation patterns underlying the different attention networks in different cortical regions, yet focal differences in brain structures related to attention network components were not well understood. Therefore, in this study, voxel-based morphometry was used to investigate the relationship between gray matter volume （GMV） and different attention networks in a large young adult sample （n = 156）. As a result, multiple regression analysis revealed that higher alerting scores （stronger alerting ability） were negatively significantly correlated with region gray matter volume （rGMV） cingulate cortex/precuneus）, in the PCC/PreCu （posterior which might be associated with continuous maintenance of a vigilant state. Then, lower EC scores （stronger conflict resolution ability） were associated with larger rGMV in the dorsal anterior cingu- late cortex, which might be related to high-efficiency executive control processing. Together, findings of the present study provided a unique structural basis of GMV for individual differences in alerting and EC networks.

关键词： Alerting Orienting Executive control Attention network test Gray matter volume

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Autophagy in hepatitis C virus-host interactions:Potential roles and therapeutic targets for liver-associated diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第19期20卷 5773-5793页

作者： Po-Yuan Ke Steve S-L Chen Institute of Biomedical Sciences Academia Sinica Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciencesand Molecular Medicine Research CenterCollege of MedicineChang Gung University Liver Research Center Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital phd program in Translational Medicine Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 80708 and Academia Sinica

Autophagy is a lysosome-associated,degradative process that catabolizes cytosolic components to recycle nutrients for further use and maintain cell *** C virus(HCV)is a major cause of chronic hepatitis,which often leads to end-stage liverassociated diseases and is a significant burden on worldwide public *** lines of evidence indicate that autophagy plays an important role in promoting the HCV life cycle in host ***,the diverse impacts of autophagy on a variety of signaling pathways in HCV-infected cells suggest that the autophagic process is required for balancing HCVhost cell interactions and involved in the pathogenesis of HCV-related liver ***,the detailed molecular mechanism underlying how HCV activates autophagy to benefit viral growth is still ***,how the autophagic response contributes to disease progression in HCV-infected cells remains largely ***,in this review,we overview the interplay between autophagy and the HCV life cycle and propose possible mechanisms by which autophagy may promote the pathogenesis of HCVassociated chronic liver ***,we outline the related studies on how autophagy interplays with HCV replication and discuss the possible implications of autophagy and viral replication in the progression of HCV-induced liver diseases,e.g.,steatosis and hepatocellular ***,we explore the potential therapeutics that target autophagy to cure HCV infection and its related liver diseases.

关键词： Autophagy Hepatitis C virus Steatosis Cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma

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＂Scar＂： A Social Metaphor for Working Through Revolution Trauma

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Frontiers of Literary Studies in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2016年第2期10卷 318-342页

作者： Min YANG Don Kuiken Chinese program Sarah Lawrence College New York NY 10708 USA Department of psychology University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2E9 Canada

This article examines the social and psychological function of the ＂scar＂ metaphor at the turn from the late 1970s to the early 1980s. We propose that the widely employed scar metaphor, which was first created in the scar literature movement of the late 1970s and early 1980s, enabled Chinese readers to ＂work through＂ the blend of psychological and ideological disquietude that lingered after the Cultural Revolution. We will first clarify how the scar metaphor facilitated this process of ＂working through,＂ using as an example Lu Xinhua＇s ＂The Scar＂（Shanghen）. We will then describe how the scar metaphor became dispersed throughout Chinese popular culture and enabled a broad spectrum of Chinese readers to participate in a similar process. At both levels of analysis, we will argue that the scar metaphor simultaneously provides a literary space for working through personal trauma and related anxieties about the ideological transition during this socio-political change.

关键词： scar metaphor scar literature metaphorical thinking revolutiontrauma working through expressive enactment

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What emotion dimensions can affect working memory performance in healthy adults?A review

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第2期10卷 401-411页

作者： Tian-Ya Hou Wen-Peng Cai Faculty of psychology The Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China

Due to the critical roles of emotion and working memory in our daily activities,a great deal of attention has been given to how emotion influences working memory *** the association between emotion and working memory is relatively well established,whether mood enhances or impairs working memory performance remains *** present review provides a relatively representative overview of the research on the effect of different dimensions of emotion on working memory among healthy adults spanning a 30-year *** findings show that the valence,arousal and motivational dimensions of emotion could all exert an impact on working memory *** impact of emotion on working memory might be modulated by task relevance,emotion type,working memory paradigms and individual *** vast majority of the studies regarding the effect of emotion on working memory performance focused on the impact of negatively valenced affect and yielded highly contradictory *** impacts of arousal and motivation on working memory have been less explored,and inconsistent findings have also been *** explanations are *** research on the effect of certain dimensions of emotion on working memory has suffered from a lack of control of other emotional dimensions,and different aspects of working memory have been investigated by various *** for further studies should include the exploration of specific dimensions of emotion on different aspects of working memory,with the other dimensions being well controlled.

关键词： Working memory Emotion Valence Arousal Motivation Review

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The Influence of Knowledge,Trust,and Perceived Risk on Firefighters'Preparedness and Willingness to Respond to Nuclear Emergencies:The Case of South Korea

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第4期13卷 536-548页

作者： Jongan Choi Sangkyu Lee HaeYoun Choi Department of psychology Kangwon National UniversityChuncheon 24341Korea Department of Reactor System Evaluation Korea Institute of Nuclear SafetyDaejon 34142Korea Department of psychology Chungbuk National UniversityCheongju 28644Korea

At the site of nuclear accidents,fjrefjghters situated near nuclear power plants(NPPs)assume responsibility for suppressing fjres and rescuing workers from leaked *** timely responses to nuclear emergencies can prevent or minimize the catastrophic impacts of these *** their important role in nuclear emergency management,little is known about the factors that influence fjrefjghters'nuclear emergency *** recruited 179 Korean fjrefjghters(96%male)situated near *** examined whether and how knowledge regarding nuclear accidents and trust in the authorities operating nuclear power plants were related to fjrefjghters'risk perceptions of nuclear accidents to predict their preparedness and willingness to respond to nuclear *** results indicate that trust moderated the effect of knowledge on the perceived risk of nuclear accidents,and that the perceived risk mediated the relationship between knowledge and fjrefjghters'preparedness and willingness to respond to nuclear *** results revealed a pattern of moderated mediation,in which perceived risk mediated the indirect effect of knowledge on preparedness and willingness when the fjrefjghters'trust was low,but not when it was high.

关键词： Firefjghters Knowledge of nuclear accidents Nuclear emergencies Risk perception South Korea Trust of authorities

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Absence of Ketamine Effects on Learning &Memory Following Exposure during Early Adolescence: A Preliminary Report

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2021年第1期11卷 27-47页

作者： Shannon O’Brien David Compton Julianna M. Davis Jennifer Elvir Adrien Albritton Department of psychology Behavioral Neuroscience Program Palm Beach Atlantic University West Palm Beach USA

Traditionally, ketamine was considered useful as a dissociative anesthetic. More recently, ketamine has been examined for its effects as a fast-acting antidepressant, for treatment-resistant depression, and as a non-opiate treatment of chronic pain. Unfortunately, ketamine has enjoyed popularity as a recreational drug among both adolescents and young adults. While some research suggests the use of this drug during neurodevelopment is not without consequence, relatively little work has been conducted to examine the chronic effects of ketamine on the adolescent brain at different stages of neural development. Using a rodent model of development, we probed the effects of early adolescent exposure to ketamine. Between postnatal days 22 to 40, a period comprising early to mid-adolescence, rats were exposed to one of two doses of ketamine or saline. Beginning at 90 days of age and drug free for 50 days, a series of neuropsychological assessments were employed to examine general activity, spatial navigation, as well as nonspatial response learning. Contrary to prediction, except for differences in general activity levels, no spatial or nonspatial impairments were found among the drug- and saline-treated animals. The present results are considered in light of ketamine-associated effects found in a related study with older adolescent rats and the role of drug exposure during different points in adolescent brain development.

关键词： Ketamine Neuropsychological Assessment Learning Memory Rat

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Infl uence of structural parameters on dynamic characteristics and wind-induced buffeting responses of a super-long-span cable-stayed bridge

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2014年第3期13卷 389-399页

作者： Wang Hao Chen Chunchao Xing Chenxi Li Aiqun Key Laboratory of Concrete & Prestressed Concrete Structures of Ministry of Education Southeast University Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 24061 USA PhD Candidate

A 3D finite element （FE） model for the Sutong cable-stayed bridge （SCB） is established based on ANSYS. The dynamic characteristics of the bridge are analyzed using a subspace iteration method. Based on recorded wind data, the measured spectra expression is presented using the nonlinear least-squares regression method. Turbulent winds at the bridge site are simulated based on the spectral representation method and the FFT technique. The influence of some key structural parameters and measures on the dynamic characteristics of the bridge are investigated. These parameters include dead load intensity, as well as vertical, lateral and torsional stiffness of the steel box girder. In addition, the influence of elastic stiffness of the connection device employed between the towers and the girder on the vibration mode of the steel box girder is investigated. The analysis shows that all of the vertical, lateral and torsional buffeting displacement responses reduce gradually as the dead load intensity increases. The dynamic characteristics and the structural buffeting displacement response of the SCB are only slightly affected by the vertical and torsional stiffness of the steel box girder, and the lateral and torsional buffeting displacement responses reduce gradually as the lateral stiffness increases. These results provide a reference for dynamic analysis and design of super-long-span cable-stayed bridges.

关键词： cable-stayed bridge dynamic characteristics finite element (FE) method wind field simulation buffetingresponse parameter effects elastic connection device

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