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Leak-off behavior and water shut-off performance of a polymer/chromium(Cr^(3+)) gel in fractured media

Journal of Central South University 2017年第6期24卷 1418-1429页

作者： LI Jun-jian XIONG Chun-ming BAI Ying-rui JIANG Ru-yi WEI Fa-lin ZHANG Miao College of petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(Beijing) research Institute of petroleum Exploration & Development PetroChina Department of Science and Technology Management China National Petroleum Corporation

During gel treatments for fractures, the leak-off behavior of gelant has a great effect on the water shut-off performance of gel. Experiments were carried out using a polymer/chromium(Cr^(3+)) gel system to explore the leak-off behavior and the water shut-off performance of gel in fractured media. Results of the gelant leak-off study show that the gelant leak-off from fracture into matrix contributes to the formation of the gelant leak-off layer during the gelant injection. Moreover, because of the gradual formation of the gelant leak-off layer along fracture, the initial leak-off ratio of gelant is relatively high, but it declines and finally levels off with the increase of the injection volume. The polymer concentration of gelant has a great effect on the chromium output in fluids produced from fractures. With the increase of the polymer concentration, the chromium concentration first decreases and then increases, and the leak-off depth of gelant into matrix is gradually reduced. Results of the water shut-off study present that the decrease of the chromium concentration inside the fracture greatly reduces the water shut-off performance after the gel formation. Therefore, because of the relatively high degree of chromium leak-off, enough injection volume of gelant is essential to ensure the sufficient chromium concentration inside the fracture and to further achieve a favorable water shut-off performance. On the premise of gel strength assurance inside the fracture, the water shut-off performance of gel gradually declines with the extension of the distance from the fracture inlet, and different leak-off degrees of gelant along the fracture are responsible for this phenomenon. Therefore, a proper degree of gelant leak-off contributes to enhancing the water shut-off performance of gel for fractures.

关键词： polymer gelant gel leak-off water shut-off fracture

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Geochemical Characteristics and Genetic Types of Natural Gas in the Xinchang Gas Field, Sichuan Basin, SW China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第6期91卷 2200-2213页

作者： WU Xiaoqi LIU Quanyou LIU Guangxiang WANG Ping LI Huaji MENG Qingqiang CHEN Yingbin ZENG Huasheng Wuxi research Institute of petroleum Geology Petroleum Exploration and Production Research InstituteSINOPEC petroleum Exploration and Production research Institute SINOPEC Exploration and Development research Institute Southwest Branch CompanySINOPEC

The molecular compositions and stable carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of natural gas from the Xinchang gas field in the Sichuan Basin were investigated to determine the genetic types. The natural gas is mainly composed of methane （88.99%-98.01%）, and the dryness coefficient varies between 0.908 and 0.997. The gas generally displays positive alkane carbon and hydrogen isotopic series. The geochemical characteristics and gas-source correlation indicate that the gases stored in the 5th member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation are coal-type gases which are derived from source rocks in the stratum itself. The gases reservoired in the 4th member of the Xujiahe Formation and Jurassic strata in the Xinchang gas field are also coal-type gases that are derived from source rocks in the 3rd and 4th members of the Xujiahe Formation. The gases reservoired in the 2nd member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation are mainly coal-type gases with small amounts of oil-type gas that is derived from source rocks in the stratum itself. This is accompanied by a small amount of contribution brought by source rocks in the Upper Triassic Ma＇antang and Xiaotangzi formations. The gases reservoired in the 4th member of the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation are oil-type gases and are believed to be derived from the secondary cracking of oil which is most likely to be generated from the Upper Permian source rocks.

关键词： natural gas geochemical characteristics genetic types Xinchang gas field western Sichuan Basin

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TSR promotes the formation of oil-cracking gases: Evidence from simulation experiments

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第3期51卷 451-455页

作者： ZHANG ShuiChang SHUAI YanHua ZHU GuangYou research Center of petroleum Geology Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and DevelopmentPetroChinaBeijing100083

TSR is an interaction between sulfate and hydrocarbons, occurring widely in carbonate reservoirs. Because this process can produce a large amount of noxious acidic gases like H2S, it has drawn seri- ous concern recently. This paper reports an experiment that simulated an interaction between different minerals and hydrocarbon fluids under different temperature and time using a confined gold-tube system. The results showed that the main mineral that initiates TSR is MgSO4, and adding a certain amount of NaCl into the reactive system can also promote TSR and yield more H2S. The H2S produced in TSR is an important incentive for the continuous oxidative degradation of crude oils. For instance, the yield of oil-cracking gases affected by TSR was twice of that not affected by TSR while the yield of TSR-affected methane was even higher, up to three times of that unaffected by TSR. The carbon iso- topes of wet gases also became heavier. All of the above illustrated that TSR obviously motivates the oxidative degradation of crude oils, which makes the gaseous hydrocarbon generation sooner and increases the gas dryness as well. The study on this process is important for understanding the TSR mechanism and the mechanism of natural gas generation in marine strata.

关键词： thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) crude oil natural gas H2S simulation experiment

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Gas Occurrence and Accumulation Characteristics of Cambrian–Ordovician Shales in the Tarim Basin, Northwest China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第5期92卷 1948-1958页

作者： LIU Luofu WANG Ying CHEN Yiting SHEN Baojian GAO Xiaoyue State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum (Beijing) Basin and Reservoir research Center China University of Petroleum (Beijing) Wuxi research Institute of petroleum Geology SINOPEC

The Tarim Basin is located in northwestern China and is the biggest basin in China with huge oil and gas resources. Especially the Lower to Middle Cambrian and Middle to Upper Ordovician possess the major marine source rocks in the Tarim Basin and have large shale gas resource potential. The Cambrian–Ordovician shales were mainly deposited in basin–slope facies with thicknesses between 30–180 m. For shales buried shallower than 4500 m, there is high organic matter abundance with TOC（total organic carbon） mainly between 1.0% and 6.0%, favorable organic matter of Type I and Type II, and high thermal maturity with RoE as 1.3%–2.75%. The mineral composition of these Cambrian–Ordovician shale samples is mainly quartz and carbonate minerals while the clay minerals content is mostly lower than 30%, because these samples include siliceous and calcareous shale and marlstone. The Cambrian and Ordovician shales are compacted with mean porosity of 4% and 3%, permeability of 0.0003×10^（-3）–0.09×10^（-3） μm^2 and 0.0002×10^（-3）–0.11×10^（-3） μm^2, and density of 2.30 g/m^3 and 2.55 g/m^3, respectively. The pores in the shale samples show good connectivity and are mainly mesopore in size. Different genetic types of pores can be observed such as intercrystal, intergranular, dissolved, organic matter and shrinkage joint. The reservoir bed properties are controlled by mineral composition and diagenesis. The maximum adsorption amount to methane of these shales is 1.15–7.36 cm^3/g, with main affecting factors being organic matter abundance, porosity and thermal maturity. The accumulation characteristics of natural gas within these shales are jointly controlled by sedimentation, diagenesis, hydrocarbon generation conditions, reservoir bed properties and the occurrence process of natural gas. The natural gas underwent short-distance migration and accumulation, in-place accumulation in the early stage, and adjustment and modification in the later stage. Finally, the Yulin（well Y1） and Tazho

关键词： shale gas occurrence accumulation Cambrian Ordovician Tarim Basin Urumqi China

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Organic petrology and hydrocarbon generation of potential source rocks in Permian formation of Junggar Basin,Northwest in China

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Journal of Central South University 2013年第6期20卷 1693-1702页

作者：秦黎明张枝焕 SINOPEC research Institute of petroleum Engineering State Key Laboratory for petroleum Resource and Prospecting(China University of petroleum)

From the outcrops in the Yaomoshan and Hongyanchi sections, oil shales, deep dark mudstones or black mudstones with better organic richness were found. Through the analysis of the samples in the organic petrology method, the microscope features of the sedimentary organic matter were studied. The results indicate that three types of kerogens present in the measured samples. Kerogen type I consists of the laminate algainite, abundant sporinite and only little content of cutinite, which can mainly generate oil. The generation hydrocarbon components of the type II kerogen are dominated by the sporinite, cutinite and little the exinite debris. The type III kerogen is comprised of the sporinite and debris of the exinite with some components of gas generation. Through the analysis of the experiments, the organic kerogen of the Lucaogou formation is mostly comprised of the type I, partially type II, and particularly type III. In Hongyanchi formation, the organic type is mixed by the types II and III. The plot of the （$1＋$2） or TOC value and the content of exinite show two trends. From the evolution of burial and the Permian source rocks in Changji Depression, the Permian formation source rock has ended the generation of hydrocarbon. A significant difference in constituents of the organic macerals among three kerogens in these samples leads to the distinction of the potential hydrocarbon generation. The Lucaogou formation for kerogen type I has better potential hydrocarbon generation. It can reach the oil peak with Ro ratio Of 0.9%. For the kerogen II, the oil peak of the source rocks comes late with the Ro ratio of 1.0% with less quantity of the generation hydrocarbon than the kerogen I. For type III, it can mainly generate gas and reach the gas peak with the Ro ratio of 1.3%. In a word, the Lucaogou formation and Hongyanchi formation source rocks with high organic richness in Permian source rocks have well exploration prospects.

关键词： organic macerals hydrocarbon generation potential Permian source rocks southern Junggar Basin

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The influence of multi-metal-veins on fractures propagation investigated by the experiment and simulation

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petroleum Science 2023年第3期20卷 1707-1723页

作者： Xiao-Dong Hu Shao-Bo Han Shou Ma Fu-Jian Zhou Yang Qiu Xin-Tong Li Ming-Hui Li Zhi-Yong Tu Unconventional petroleum research Institute China University of Petroleum-BejingBeijing102249China Sinofts petroleum Service Ltd Bejing101100China

Fracture propagation is affected by multi-metal-veins formed by geological diagenesis in shale during the hydraulic ***,the influence of multi-metal-veins on fractures propagation remains *** solve the problem,based on the semi-circle bending(SCB)test and the extended finite element(XFEM)theory,the interaction between multi-metal-veins and fractures is *** experimental results reveal that the fractures usually deflect at the upper or lower interfaces between metal veins and rocks(*** specimen S-2),which is different from the propagation behavior of fractures in calcite ***,the fracture toughness of the specimen S-1 is 24.40%higher than that of the specimen S-2,indicating that the increasing of total thickness of multiple metal veins in-creases the resistance to the fracture vertical *** simulation results show that the increasing of the number,total thickness of veins,the modulus difference between veins and rock,the approach angle and the notch angle all increase the resistance of the fracture passing through metal *** maximum deviation distance(Dmax)of the fracture decreases with the number of veins,while thickness combination types of metal veins do not affect *** reduction of the notch angle leads to the more tortuous fracture propagation ***,we propose a new comprehensive fracture network *** networks are divided into two categories,including orthogonal fracture networks and sub-orthogonal fracture networks,and then divided into six sub-categories *** research results will provide reference for hydraulic fracturing of shale reservoirs containing multi-metal-veins.

关键词： Multi-metal-veins Fracture Fracture interaction Semi-circle bending test Numerical simulation

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Synthesis of boron nitride nanorod and its performance as a metalfree catalyst for oxidative desulfurization of diesel fuel

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第4期68卷 120-132页

作者： Tanaz Ghanadi Gholamreza Moradi Alimorad Rashidi Catalyst research Center Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum EngineeringRazi UniversityKermanshahIran Nanotechnology research Center Research Institute of Petroleum Industry(RIPI)TehranIran

In order to reduce the sulfur compounds in diesel fuel,boron nitride(BN)has been used as a novel metal-free catalyst in the present *** nanocatalyst was synthesized via template-free approach followed by heating treatment at 900℃ in nitrogen atmosphere that the characteristics of the sample were identified by the X-ray diffraction,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,field emission scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,atomic force microscopy,and N2 adsorption-desorption *** results of structural and morphological analysis represented that BN has been successfully *** efficacy of the main operating parameters on the process was studied by using response surface methodology based on the Box-Behnken design *** prepared catalyst showed high efficiency in oxidative desulfurization of diesel fuel with initial sulfur content of 8040 mg·kg^(-1)*** statistical analysis,a significant quadratic model was obtained to predict the sulfur removal as a function of efficient *** maximum efficiency of 72.4%was achieved under optimized conditions at oxidant/sulfur molar ratio of 10.2,temperature of 71℃,reaction time of 113 min,and catalyst dosage of 0.36 ***,the reusability of the BN was studied,and the result showed little reduction in activity of the catalyst after 10 times ***,a plausible mechanism was proposed for oxidation of sulfur compounds on the surface of the *** present study shows that BN materials can be selected as promising metal-free catalysts for desulfurization process.

关键词： Desulfurization Boron nitride(BN)nanostructure Experimental design BoxeBehnken

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research ON CATIONIC POLYMER WATER BASE DRILLING FLUIDS

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 1997年第Z1期12卷 94-102页

作者：刘雨晴 research Institute of petroleum Exploration and Development

Cationic polymer drilling fluid (CPDF) is a new water base drilling fluid in which high molecular weight (HMW) cationic polymer (CPAM) is an encapsulating and flocculating agent and organic quaternary ammonium compound (NW-1) acts as shale inhibitor. This paper describes the experimental results of cuttings recovery, particle size distribution layer spacing and Zeta potential, and discusses the inhibition of CPDF system and its major additives. The advantages of CPDF will be proved by its application in well LX-2.

关键词： cationic polymer drilling fluid high molecule encapsulating agent flocculating agent shale inhibitor application

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Cobalt supported on CNTs-covered γ-and nano-structured alumina catalysts utilized for wax selective Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2012年第6期21卷 713-721页

作者： Mohammad Reza Hemmati Mohammad Kazemeini Farhad Khorasheh Jamshid Zarkesh Alimorad Rashidi Sharif University of Technology(SUT) Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering research Institute of petroleum Industry(RIPI)

Cobalt supported on carbon nanotubes （CNTs）-covered alumina has been recently developed and successfully utilized as a catalyst in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis （FTS）. Problems associated with shaping of Co/CNTs into extrudates or pellets as well as catalyst attrition rendered these materials unfavorable for industrial applications. In this investigation regular γ- and nano-structured （N-S） alumina as well as CNTs-covered regular γ- and N-S-alumina supports were impregnated by cobalt nitrate solution to make new cobalt-based catalysts which were also promoted by Ru. The catalysts were characterized and tested in a micro reactor to evaluate their applicability in FTS. γ-Al2O3 was prepared by calcination of bohemite and N-S-Al2O3 was prepared by sol-gel method using aluminum chloride as starting material. Catalyst evaluations indicated that N-S-Al2O3 was superior to regular γ-Al2O3 and that CNTs-covered alumina supports were favored over non-covered ones in terms of activity and heavy hydrocarbon selectivity. These were justified by porosimetric characteristics of the catalysts and existence of CNTs points of view. CNTs-covered catalysts also showed higher wax selectivity and better resistance to deactivation. Furthermore, TPR analysis indicated that the cobalt aluminate phase, which is responsible for the permanent deactivation of alumina supported Co-based catalysts, did not form on alumina supported Co-based catalysts covered with CNTs due to weaker interactions between cobalt and alumina.

关键词： Fischer-Tropsch synthesis nano-structured alumina gamma alumina carbon nanotubes catalyst deactivation

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High-precision Dating and Geological Significance of Chang 7 Tuff Zircon of the Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin in Central China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第6期93卷 1823-1834页

作者： ZHU Rukai CUI Jingwei DENG Shenghui LUO Zhong LU Yuanzheng QIU Zhen research Institute of petroleum Exploration and Development

The Ordos Basin, as the second largest petroliferous basin of China, contains abundant oil and gas resources, oil shale, and sandstone-type uranium mineral resources. Chang 7 shale is not only the major source rock of the Mesozoic petroliferous system of the Basin, but is also crucial in determining the space-time distribution relationship of the shale section for the effective exploration and development of the Basin's oil and gas resources. To obtain a highly precise age of the shale development section, we collected tuff samples from the top and bottom profile of the Chang 7 Member, Yishi Village, Yaoqu Town, Tongchuan District, on the southern margin of the Ordos Basin and performed high-precision chemical abrasion(CA)–isotope dilution(ID)–thermal ionization mass spectrometry(TIMS) zircon U-Pb dating on the basis of extensive laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS) zircon U-Pb dating data. Our results show the precise ages of the top and bottom zircon in the Chang 7 shale to be 241.06±0.12 Ma and 241.558±0.093 Ma, respectively. We first obtained Chang 7 age data with Grade 0.1-Ma precision and then determined the age of the shale development in the Chang 7 Member to be the early-Middle Triassic Ladinian. This result is supported by paleontological evidence. The deposition duration of the Chang 7 shale is 0.5 Ma with an average deposition rate of the shale section being 5.3 cm/ka. Our research results provide time scale and basic data for further investigation of the basin–mountain coupling relation of the shale section, the sedimentary environment and volcanic ash and organic-matter-rich shale development relation, and the organism break-out and organic-matter enrichment mechanism.

关键词： Ordos Basin Chang 7 Member tuff zircon U-Pb dating

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