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A scenario-based clean gasoline production strategy for China National petroleum corporation

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petroleum Science 2008年第3期5卷 285-294页

作者： Liu Haiyan Yu Jianning Fan Yu Shi Gang Bao Xiaojun CNPC Key Laboratory of Catalysis China National Petroleum Corporation China University of Petroleum Beijing102249 China Department of R ＆ D Administration. China National petroleum Corp. Beijing 100724 China

Facing increasingly strict environmental regulations on transportation fuels, China National petroleum Corp. （CNPC）, the second largest supplier of petroleum products in China, needs to upgrade its transportation fuels. Using the scenario-based analysis method, this paper analyzes how the emission related properties, including antiknock index, and sulfur, olefin, benzene and aromatics contents of gasoline produced by CNPC, vary with the change in the configuration of gasoline production units in the future 5-15 years. The results showed that for CNPC to upgrade its gasoline, the share of fluid catalytic cracking （FCC） naphtha must be reduced, but just increasing reformate or alkylate and isomerate will result in excessive increase in benzene and aromatics contents or a great loss of gasoline octane number. Therefore, CNPC should suitably control the capacity of its FCC units and increase the capacity of reformer, alkylation and isomerization units. Most importantly, CNPC should dramatically expand the capacity of its hydrotreating or non-hydrotreating gasoline upgrading units to decrease the olefin and sulfur contents in FCC gasoline that takes a dominant share of about 80% in the gasoline pool of China.

关键词： China National petroleum corporation scenario analysis clean gasoline production

Carbon reduction paths for Chinese oil companies under the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals

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A novel model of the carbon cycle in the Cambrian ocean

Natural Gas Industry 2024年第4期44卷 180-189页

作者： Zhu, Hongjun Li, Yingmei Chen, Junwen Hao, Hongtao Gao, Yue School of petroleum Engineering Southwest Petroleum University Sichuan Chengdu 610500 China Southwest Branch of China petroleum Engineering & Construction corporation Sichuan Chengdu 610041 China

To cope with the global warming and achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, Chinese oil companies have taken a series of carbon reduction measures. This paper analyzes the current carbon emissions in China and the carbon reduction measures taken by oil companies, and clarifies the challenges in carbon reduction. Finally, some carbon reduction paths are proposed for the Chinese oil companies. The results indicate that in the process of oil and gas production and utilization, greenhouse gas is mainly emitted in the upstreams. The Chinese oil companies adopt carbon capture, carbon reduction, carbon substitution, and carbon emission trading methods to reduce the carbon emissions, while maintaining energy supply and improving quality and efficiency. Moreover, some companies have been developing wind energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, hydrogen energy and marine new energy according to local conditions, gradually promoting the green transformation of energy. According to the research results and the current situation of Chinese oil enterprises, some carbon reduction paths are proposed. First, a scientific and reasonable multi-energy complementation system should be built to realize the collaborative development of conventional energy and new energy. Second, low-cost and efficient technologies should be developed in fossil energy mining, clean energy development, and digital carbon neutrality, etc., and the initial innovation capability should be enhanced to address. Moreover, initiative actions should be taken in the new round of industrial revolution and technological transformation. Third, the exchange and cooperation with national/international enterprises, local governments, universities/colleges, and research institutes should be strengthened to ensure the advancement of associated technologies and to cultivate professional and technical talents. © 2024 Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency. All rights reserved.

关键词： Global warming

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第6期67卷 1759-1778页

作者： Huajian WANG Shuichang ZHANG Xiaomei WANG Jin SU Yuntao YE Yuke LIU Key Laboratory of petroleum Geochemistry Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and DevelopmentChina National Petroleum CorporationBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The classic model of the carbon cycle suggests that the extensive burial of ^(12)C-enriched organic carbon leads to a positive carbon isotope(δ^(13)C)excursion(CIE),while massive oxidation of organic carbon results in a negative CIE.However,global events such as the BAsal Cambrian Carbon isotope Excursion(BACE)and the Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion(SPICE)are global negative and positive δ^(13)C excursions,respectively,and they also exhibit significant organic carbon burial anomalies,displaying decoupling between carbon isotope anomalies and organic carbon burial.Based on the analyses of the Cambrian carbon cycle and paleoceanographic evolution records from well Tadong2 in the Tarim Basin,we propose a novel model of the carbon cycle in the Cambrian ocean that incorporates oceanic dissolved organic carbon(DOC).Our findings are as follows.(1)The Cambrian ocean maintained substantial DOC reservoirs,which were regulated by ocean currents and paleo-redox conditions and exerted significant influence on the oceanic carbon cycle.(2)The oxidation of the oceanic DOC reservoirs during the early Cambrian led to the BACE and the Asian Phenomenon of the Cambrian petroleum systems,while the expansion of the oceanic DOC reservoirs during the SPICE resulted in a global positive δ^(13)C excursion and the absence of significant organic carbon burial.(3)The deep-basin sedimentary environment in the eastern depression of the Tarim Basin may have fostered the development of organic-rich black shales during the Furongian Series,corresponding to organic carbon burial during the SPICE and representing potential prospects for ultra-deep oil and gas exploration.Future research should focus on the formation mechanism,reserve scale,and influencing factors of the oceanic DOC reservoirs,as well as their resource and environmental effects.It is expected that new breakthroughs will be made in the fields of Earth system science and oil and gas exploration.

关键词： Carbon isotope Organic carbon BACE SPICE Dissolved organic carbon Climate change Black shale

Development characteristics and controlling factors of fractures in lacustrine shale and their geological significance for evaluating shale oil sweet spots in the third member of the Shahejie Formation in the Qikou Sag, Bohai Bay Basin

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petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 791-805页

作者： Xu Zeng Tao Yang Jian-Wei Feng Cong-Sheng Bian Ming Guan Wei Liu Bing-Cheng Guo Jin Dong Research Institute of petroleum Exploration and Development China National Petroleum CorporationBeijing100083China College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China School of Earth Sciences China University of PetroleumQingdao266400ShandongChina

Natural fractures are critical for shale oil and gas enrichment and development. Due to the extremely high heterogeneity of shale, the factors controlling the formation of internal fractures, especially horizontal fractures, remain controversial. In this study, we integrate thin section analysis and microcomputed tomography(CT) data from several lacustrine shale samples from the third member(Es3) of the Shahejie Formation, Qikou Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, to assess the fractures in detail. The goal is to reveal the development characteristics, controlling factors, and geological significance for evaluating sweet spots in a shale oil play. The fractures in the Es3contain high-angle structural and horizontal bed-parallel fractures that are mostly shear and extensional. Various factors influence fracture development,including lithofacies, mineral composition, organic matter content, and the number of laminae. Structural fractures occur predominantly in siltstone, whereas bed-parallel fractures are abundant in laminated shale and layered mudstone. A higher quartz content results in higher shale brittleness, causing fractures, whereas the transformation between clay minerals contributes to the development of bedparallel fractures. Excess pore pressure due to hydrocarbon generation and expulsion during thermal advance can cause the formation of bed-parallel fractures. The density of the bed-parallel and structural fractures increases with the lamina density, and the bed-parallel fractures are more sensitive to the number of laminae. The fractures are critical storage spaces and flow conduits and are indicative of sweet spots. The laminated shale in the Es3with a high organic matter content contains natural fractures and is an organic-rich, liquid-rich, self-sourced shale play. Conversely, the siltstone, massive mudstone, and argillaceous carbonate lithofacies contain lower amounts of organic matter and do not have bed-parallel fractures. However, good reservoirs can form in these areas when structural fractures are present

关键词： Fractures Development characteristics Controlling factors Shale oil Sweet spot

Linearized waveform inversion for vertical transversely isotropic elastic media:Methodology and multi-parameter crosstalk analysis

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petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 252-271页

作者： Ke Chen Lu Liu Li-Nan Xu Fei Hu Yuan Yang Jia-Hui Zuo Le-Le Zhang Yang Zhao National Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Engineering Unconventional Petroleum Research InstituteChina University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China Aramco Beijing Research Center Aramco AsiaBeijing100102China University of Lausanne LausanneCH-1015Switzerland Bureau of Geophysical Prospecting China National Petroleum CorporationZhuozhou 072750HebeiChina

Seismic migration and inversion are closely related techniques to portray subsurface images and identify hydrocarbon reservoirs.Seismic migration aims at obtaining structural images of subsurface geologic discontinuities.More specifically,seismic migration estimates the reflectivity function(stacked average reflectivity or pre-stack angle-dependent reflectivity)from seismic reflection data.On the other hand,seismic inversion quantitatively estimates the intrinsic rock properties of subsurface formulations.Such seismic inversion methods are applicable to detect hydrocarbon reservoirs that may exhibit lateral variations in the inverted parameters.Although there exist many differences,pre-stack seismic migration is similar with the first iteration of the general linearized seismic inversion.Usually,seismic migration and inversion techniques assume an acoustic or isotropic elastic medium.Unconventional reservoirs such as shale and tight sand formation have notable anisotropic property.We present a linearized waveform inversion(LWI)scheme for weakly anisotropic elastic media with vertical transversely isotropic(VTI)symmetry.It is based on two-way anisotropic elastic wave equation and simultaneously inverts for the localized perturbations(ΔVp_(0)/Vp_(0)/Vs_(0)/Vs_(0)/,Δ∈,Δδ)from the long-wavelength reference model.Our proposed VTI-elastic LWI is an iterative method that requires a forward and an adjoint operator acting on vectors in each iteration.We derive the forward Born approximation operator by perturbation theory and adjoint operator via adjoint-state method.The inversion has improved the quality of the images and reduces the multi-parameter crosstalk comparing with the adjoint-based images.We have observed that the multi-parameter crosstalk problem is more prominent in the inversion images for Thomsen anisotropy parameters.Especially,the Thomsen parameter is the most difficult to resolve.We also analyze the multi-parameter crosstalk using scattering radiation patterns.The linearized waveform inversion for VTI-el

关键词： Elastic Anisotropy Least-squares imaging Waveform inversion Computational geophysics

Microfiltration,ultrafiltration and nanofiltration as a post-treatment of biological treatment process with references to oil field produced water of Moran oilfield of Assam

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petroleum Research 2024年第1期9卷 143-154页

作者： Amarjit Rajbongshi Subrata Borgohain Gogoi Brahmaputra Valley Fertilizer corporation Limited NamrupAssamIndia Department of petroleum Technology Dibrugarh UniversityAssamIndia

The selection of an apt technology for the treatment of Oilfield Produced Water(OFPW)depends mainly on the quality of OFPW and methods of pre-and post-treatment processes.The most challenging part of the OFPW treatment process is the removal of Suspended Solid(SS),Oil&Grease(O&G)and dissolved organics.SS and O&G pose an acute problem to the membrane filtration system by fouling the membrane surface which increases operation&maintenance costs and decreases the life of the membrane.Fouling of the membrane surface is mainly attributed to the presence of low molecular weight aromatic compounds and naphthenic acids in the suspended and dissolved organic compounds.Thus,the removal of these suspended and dissolved organic compounds before membrane filtration proffers a challenge to the researchers.In this research,bioremediation process has been applied to remove the organic compounds and the performance and fouling behaviour of hollow fibre Microfiltration(MF),Ultrafiltration(UF)and Nanofiltration(NF)membranes after the bioremediation process has been analyzed in detail.The level of toxicity was determined by comparing the pollutants with the safe discharge limit for disposal into the environment set by Central Pollution Control Board(CPCB),India.The research presents its novelty by using a hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria,Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the Reduction of Organic Loads(ROL)from OFPW of Moran oil field of Upper Assam as a pre-treatment to membrane filtration.The Total Sum Corrected Area(TSCA)method through chromatographic analyses was used for this.The organic loads removal from OFPW by the TSCA method was found to be 67-100%,100%and 100%after 7,14 and 21 days of bioremediation respectively.The major parameters in feed OFPW of Moran oil field were found to be pH(7.5-9.3),Total Dissolved Solid(TDS)(1.79-4.75)ppt,O&G(1.78-2.8)ppt,Salinity(2.94-6.98)ppt,Chloride(Cl^(-))(1.6-3.86)ppt,Bicarbonate(HCO_(3)^(-))(2.89-4.03)ppt.It was observed that the ranges of pollutants removal by NF was highest such as TDS(26-86%),sa

关键词： Oilfield produced water Organic compounds Bioremediation Membrane filtration Membrane fouling

Large pore volume mesoporous aluminum oxide synthesized via nano-assembly

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Science China Chemistry 2009年第12期52卷 2114-2124页

作者： WANG DingCong Fushun Research Institute of petroleum and Petrochemicals,China petroleum and Chemical corporation (SINOPEC),Fushun 113001,China Fushun Research Institute of petroleum and Petrochemicals China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation (SINOPEC) Fushun China

A new nano-assembly approach has been proposed for the preparation of macropore volume mesoporous aluminum oxide supports. Secondary nano-assembly and a frame structure mechanism for large pore volume mesoporous supports have been proposed. In a primary nano-assembly supersoluble micelle,aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles were precipitated in situ in surfactants with a volume balance (VB) less than 1,followed by secondary nano-assembly in linear and cylindrical shapes. The secondary nano-assembly of cylindrical aluminum hydroxides was calcined to form nano cylindrical aluminum oxides. For the formation of macropore volume mesoporous supports,we utilized a frame structure mechanism of mesoporous support,in which the exterior surface of the carrier may not be continuous. This macropore volume support has been used for the hydrotreatment of a residual oil catalyst,which possesses the following physical characteristics:pore volume 1.8―2.7 mL·g-1,specific surface area 180―429 m2·g-1,average pore diameter 17―57 nm,average pore diameter more than 10 nm (81%―94%),porosity 87%―93%,and crush strength 7.7―25 N·mm-1.

关键词： pore volume mesopore aluminum oxide nano-assembly supersolubility pore size porosity

In-situ synthesis of nanoparticles via supersolubilizing micelle self-assembly

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Science China Chemistry 2007年第1期50卷 105-113页

作者： WANG DingCong Fushun Research Institute of petroleum&Petrochemicals,China petroleum&Chemical corporation(SINOPEC),Fushun 113001, China(email:wangdingcong@***) Fushun Research Institute of petroleum & Petrochemicals China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation (SINOPEC) Fushun China

In-situ synthesis of nano-particles using the self-assembly of molten salt and super soluble micellae was proposed based on a phenomenon of super solubilization of molten salt in reverse micellae and its self-assembly when the concentration reached up to 95%(w/w).The mechanism of the self-assembly indicates that the self-assembly of molten salt occurs in a reverse micelle where a homogenous phase is established between 5%(w/w)of a surfactant with a VB value of less than 1 and a hydrocarbon spe- cies.This synthesis has some unique features,such as being free of water,highly effective deposition and narrow distribution of particle size.

关键词： molten salt self-assembly supersolubilization in-situ synthesis nanoparticle

Combined use of fly ash and silica to prevent the long-term strength retrogression of oil well cement set and cured at HPHT conditions

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petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1122-1134页

作者： Guo-Dong Cheng Xue-Yu Pang Jin-Sheng Sun Zheng-Song Qiu Chuang-Chuang Wang Jian-Kun Qin Ning Li School of petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580ShandongChina National Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580ShandongChina Oil and Gas Engineering Research Institute(Tarim Oilfield Company) China National Petroleum CorporationTarim841000XinjiangChina

The long-term strength retrogression of silica-enriched oil well cement poses a significant threat to wellbore integrity in deep and ultra-deep wells, which is a major obstacle for deep petroleum and geothermal energy development. Previous attempts to address this problem has been unsatisfactory because they can only reduce the strength decline rate. This study presents a new solution to this problem by incorporating fly ash to the traditional silica-cement systems. The influences of fly ash and silica on the strength retrogression behavior of oil well cement systems directly set and cured under the condition of 200°C and 50 MPa are investigated. Test results indicate that the slurries containing only silica or fly ash experience severe strength retrogression from 2 to 30 d curing, while the slurries containing both fly ash and silica experience strength enhancement from 2 to 90 d. The strength test results are corroborated by further evidences from permeability tests as well as microstructure analysis of set cement. Composition of set cement evaluated by quantitative X-ray diffraction analyses with partial or no known crystal structure(PONKCS) method and thermogravimetry analyses revealed that the conversion of amorphous C-(A)-S-H to crystalline phases is the primary cause of long-term strength retrogression.The addition of fly ash can reduce the initial amount of C-(A)-S-H in the set cement, and its combined use with silica can prevent the crystallization of C-(A)-S-H, which is believed to be the working mechanism of this new admixture in improving long-term strength stability of oil well cement systems.

关键词： Fly ash Long-term strength retrogression High temperature Quantitative X-ray diffraction(QXRD) Partial or no known crystal structure(PONKCS)