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Re-Examination of the Oil and Gas Origins in the Kekeya Gas Condensate Field,Northwest China——A Case Study of Hydrocarbon-Source Correlation Using Sophisticated Geochemical Methods

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第1期91卷 186-203页

作者： GONG Deyu WANG Zhaoyun LIU Gang CHEN Gang FANG Chenchen XIAO Zhongyao Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina tarim oilfield company PetroChina

This work discussed the origins, alteration and accumulation processes of the oil and gas in the Kekeya gas condensate field based on molecular compositions, stable carbon isotopes, light hydrocarbons, diamondoid hydrocarbons and biomarker fingerprints. A comparison study is also made between the geochemical characteristics of the Kekeya hydrocarbons and typical marine and terrigenous hydrocarbons of the tarim Basin. Natural gas from the Kekeya gas condensate field is derived from Middle–Lower Jurassic coal measures while the condensates are derived from Carboniferous–Permian marine source rocks with a higher maturity. In the study area, both natural gas and condensates have experienced severe water washing. A large amount of methane was dissolved into the water, resulting in a decrease in the dryness coefficient. Water washing also makes the carbon isotopic compositions of the natural gas more negative and partially reverse. Considering that the gas maturities are higher than once expected, gas generation intensity in the study area should be much stronger and the gas related to the Jurassic coal measures could promise a greater prospecting potential. As a result of evaporative fractionation, the Kekeya condensates are enriched in saturates and lack aromatics. Evaporative fractionation disguises the original terrigenous characteristics of the light hydrocarbons associated with the natural gas, making it appear marinesourced. Thus, alteration processes should be fully taken into consideration when gas–source correlations are carried out based on light hydrocarbons. With the condensates discovered in the study area all being ＂migration phase＂, the pre-salt Cretaceous and Jurassic reservoirs may promise great exploration potential for the ＂residual phase＂ hydrocarbons. This research not only is of significance for oil and gas exploration in the southwest tarim Basin, but also sheds light on the oil/gas-source correlations in general.

关键词： Kekeya gas condensate field evaporative fractionation water washing coal-derived gas marine condensates stable carbon isotopes diamondoid hydrocarbons

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Geological features and hydrocarbon accumulation in the Xinken oil field,tarim Basin

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2013年第4期32卷 367-379页

作者： SONG Lichen ZHU Guangyou LIU Xingwang ZHU Yongfeng SU Jin WANG Kai Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Tarim Oilfield CompanyPetroChina

Recently,a large-scale Ordovician oil and gas pool has been discovered in Xinken,north of the tarim Basin,and it has strongly heterogeneous reservoirs and complicated fluid *** analyzing oil,gas and water samples collected from this area,in combination of field production and testing data,this study reveals that the Xinken oil pool contains dominantly normal oil characterized by low viscosity,low sulphur,and high *** has a low content of natural gas,which presents typical characteristics of wet gas and is oil-associated ***-gas correlation shows that the oil was from the Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks and the charge and accumulation of oil and gas took place in the Late Hercynian *** by paleogeomorphology,sedimentary facies,ancient karstification,faults,and other factors in the Caledonian Period,the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs are dominated by dissolved pores,cavities and *** reservoir body of fractures and cavities is distributed in the shape of strip and laminate along faults and excellent reservoirs are mostly in the range of 70–100 m below the top of the Yijianfang *** a whole,the Xinken oil pool is a fracture-cavity pool controlled by interbedded karst reservoirs and is a complex composed of stacked karst fractures and cavities of various *** contains oil in large areas horizontally,which is quasi-laminated in distribution,and the accumulation of oil and gas is controlled by the distribution and development degree of the Ordovician carbonate *** study shows that this area has abundant resources and a great exploration potential for oil and gas.

关键词：塔里木盆地北部油气成藏地质特征碳酸盐岩储层石油伴生气油田储层控制非均质储层

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Controlling effects of the Ordovician carbonate pore structure on hydrocarbon reservoirs in the tarim Basin, China

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Petroleum Science 2013年第3期10卷 282-291页

作者： Wu Guanghui Yang Haijun Li Haowu Sun Lixia School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen University petrochina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development petrochina tarim oilfield company

The Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the tarim Basin with secondary dissolution pores and vugs have complicated pore structures. The weathering crust reservoirs mainly consist of large cavities or vugs connected by fractures, but most of the reef-shoal reservoirs have complex and small throats among matrix pores. The pore structure can be divided into four types： big pore and big throat, big pore but small throat, small pore and small throat, and fracture type. Most of the average throat radius falls between 0.03 and 0.07μm, close to that of unconventional reservoirs except in local areas with developed fractures. Fluid driving force analysis shows that the differentiation of fluid is mainly controlled by the throat radius in two kinds of mechanism separated by the critical throat radius about 0.1 μm. There is obvious fluid differentiation and oil/gas/water contact in fracture-cavity reservoirs with big throats. However, most of reservoirs under the critical throat radius have high capillary pressure, which resulted in incomplete differentiation of gas/oil/water, and complicated fluid distribution and fluid properties in the unconventional reservoirs.

关键词： Carbonate throat radius critical hydrocarbon column unconventional reservoir mechanism

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Calculation of depth to detachment and its significance in the Kuqa Depression:A discussion

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Petroleum Science 2009年第1期6卷 17-20页

作者： Li Shiqin Feng Lei Tang Pengcheng Rao Gang Bao Yahong Department of Earth Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China Research Institute of Exploration and Development Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Korla Xinjiang 840000 China Archives of tarim oilfield company PetroChina Korla Xinjiang 840000 China

We analyze the excess area and depth to detachment method developed by Epard and Groshong （1993）, and apply it to the sand box model of Ge et al （2004） to illustrate that inadequate consideration will affect the calculation of true depth to detachment. Using the data of Yu et al （2006） to fit linear regression lines, we obtain the depths to detachment of Kela-2, Misikantage anticline and Dongqiu-8 structures, 115.74km, 14.17km, and 75.48km below the reference level （Cretaceous bottom） respectively with the excess area intercept equal to zero. However, the calculation results of depth to detachment in Yu et al （2006） are based on excess area intercept unequal to zero.

关键词： Excess area depth to detachment Kuqa Depression

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Water-sensitive characterization and its controlling factors in clastic reservoir:A case study of Jurassic Ahe Formation in Northern tectonic zone of Kuqa depression

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Petroleum Research 2020年第1期5卷 77-82页

作者： Wenfang Yuan Research Institute of Exploration&Development PetroChina Tarim Oilfield CompanySinkiang841000China

Water-sensitivity is a factor that must be paid attention to in the reservoir development stage of oil and gas *** a clastic reservoir,the water effect of Ahe formation in the northern structural belt of Kuqa is strong as a whole,but the mechanism analysis of medium and strong water-sensitivity effect is restricted by the evaluation method with permeability damage rate as the main *** the shape of water-sensitivity test curve as the starting point,combined with the analysis of microscopic pore throat and clay minerals,the difference of permeability change rate measured by samples is *** strong to medium water-sensitivity effects in the study layer are divided into three types:The permeability gradually decreases in the early stage-the rapid decrease in the late stage,the continuous decrease in the permeability,and the rapid decrease in the early stage-the slow decrease in the later *** awidely developed reservoir space in the study section,the micropore not only has the characteristics of fine pore size and easy blockage,but also serves as the occurrence space of the main water-sensitive mineral illite-smectite mixed ***,the change types of the above different water sensitivity test curves are mainly controlled by the difference of micropore *** the micropore content is low,the permeability decreases slowly in the early stage and decreases rapidly in the later stage(type Ⅰ),while when the micropore content is high,the permeability decreases rapidly in the early stage and slowly decreases in the later stage(type Ⅱ),while when the micropore content is medium,the permeability decreases continuously,and there is no obvious rate change(type Ⅲ)before and after the micropore *** results show that the structural characteristics and relative content differences of micropores in the samples are the internal mechanism of the difference of water sensitivity effect types.

关键词： Water-sensitive Illite-smectite mixed layer Pore types Ahe formation Kuqa depression

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Formation conditions and reservoir-forming models of the Ordovician buried hill reservoirs in the Jizhong depression

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地学前缘 2023年第1期30卷 229-241页

作者： ZHANG Ruifeng TIAN Jianzhang HUANG Yuanxin TIAN Ran REN Yi BIAN Yingying WANG Yuanjie CHEN Ling LU Shan petrochina Huabei oilfield company Renqiu 062552China Exploration and Development Research Institute of petrochina Huabei oilfield company Renqiu 062552China

The buried hill in the Jizhong depression contains abundant petroleum reserves and are important production *** Ordovician buried hill has restricted the discovery of new oil and gas exploration targets because of its strong reservoir heterogeneity and complex reservoir-controlling *** on a large volume of core,thin section,logging,seismic,and geochemical data and numerous geological analyses,the reservoir-forming conditions and modes were systematically analyzed to guide the exploration and achieve important breakthroughs in the Yangshuiwu and Wen an slope buried *** study revealed that three sets of source rocks of the third and fourth members of the Shahejie Formation from the Paleogene and Carboniferous-Permian were developed in the Jizhong depression,providing sufficient material basis for the formation of buried hill oil and gas *** reservoir control mechanism involving the three major factors of“cloud-karst-fault”was clarified,and karst cave,fracture fissure-pore,and cloud pore type reservoir models were established,thereby expanding the exploration *** by the superposition of multi-stage tectonic processes during the Indosinian,Yanshanian,and Himalayan,two genetic buried hill trap types of uplift-depression and depression-uplift were *** on the analysis of reservoir-forming factors of the Ordovician buried hill,three buried hill oil and gas reservoir-forming models were identified:low-level tectonic-lithologic composite quasi-layered buried hill,medium-level paleo-storage paleo-block buried hill,and high-level paleo-storage new-block buried *** evaluations indicate that the reservoir-forming conditions of the low-level tectonic-lithologic composite quasi-layered buried hill in the northern portion of the Jizhong depression are the most favorable and that the Sicundian and Xinzhen buried hills are favorable areas for future exploration.

关键词： Jizhong depression Yangshuiwu Ordovician reservoir type reservoir model

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Optimization of the seismic processing phase-shift plus finite-difference migration operator based on a hybrid genetic and simulated annealing algorithm

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Petroleum Science 2013年第2期10卷 190-194页

作者： Luo Renze Huang Yuanyi Liang Xianghao Luo Jun Cao Ying State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Geophysics Development Department of BGP Exploration and Exploitation Department of tarim oilfield company PetroChina Changqing oilfield company PetroChina

Although the phase-shift seismic processing method has characteristics of high accuracy, good stability, high efficiency, and high-dip imaging, it is not able to adapt to strong lateral velocity variation. To overcome this defect, a finite-difference method in the frequency-space domain is introduced in the migration process, because it can adapt to strong lateral velocity variation and the coefficient is optimized by a hybrid genetic and simulated annealing algorithm. The two measures improve the precision of the approximation dispersion equation. Thus, the imaging effect is improved for areas of high-dip structure and strong lateral velocity variation. The migration imaging of a 2-D SEG/EAGE salt dome model proves that a better imaging effect in these areas is achieved by optimized phase-shift migration operator plus a finite-difference method based on a hybrid genetic and simulated annealing algorithm. The method proposed in this paper is better than conventional methods in imaging of areas of high-dip angle and strong lateral velocity variation.

关键词： Migration operator phase-shift plus finite-difference hybrid algorithm genetic andsimulated annealing algorithm optimization coefficient

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Accumulation and Reformation of Silurian Reservoir in the Northern tarim Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2012年第1期86卷 209-225页

作者： ZHU Guangyou CUI Jie SU Jin YANG Haijun ZHANG Bin HU Jianfeng ZHU Yongfeng petrochina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing 100083China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Tarim Oilfield CompanyPetroChinaKorla 841000China

Silurian sandstone in tarim Basin has good reservoir properties and active oil and gas shows, especially thick widely-distributed bituminous sandstone. Currently, the Silurian was found containing both bitumen and conventional reservoirs, with petroleum originating from terrestrial and marine source rocks. The diversity of their distribution was the result of ＂three sources, three stages＂ accumulation and adjustment processes. ＂Three sources＂ refers to two sets of marine rocks in Cambrian and Middle-Upper Ordovician, and a set of terrestrial rock formed in Triassic in the Kuqa depression. ＂Three stages＂ represents three stages of accumulation, adjustment and reformation occurring in Late Caledonian, Late Hercynian and Late Himalayan, respectively. The study suggests that the Silurian bitumen is remnants of oil generated from Cambrian and Ordovician source rocks and accumulated in the sandstone reservoir during Late Caledonian-Early Hercynian and Late Hercynian stages, and then damaged by the subsequent two stages of tectonic uplift movements in Early Hercynian and Pre-Triassic. The authors presumed that the primary paleo-reservoirs formed during these two stages might he preserved in the Silurian in the southern deep part of the Tabei area. Except for the Yingmaili area where the Triassic terrestrial oil was from the Kuqa Depression during Late Himalayan Stage, all movable oil reservoirs originated from marine sources. They were secondary accumulations from underlying Ordovician after structure reverse during the Yanshan- Himalayan stage. Oil/gas shows mixed-source characteristics, and was mainly from Middle-Upper Ordovician. The complexity and diversity of the Silurian marine primary properties were just defined by these three stages of oil-gas charging and tectonic movements in the Tabei area.

关键词： bituminous sandstone degradation adjustment and reformation Silurian tarim Basin

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Accumulation characteristics and the main controlling factors of Lunnan multilayer oil province,tarim Basin,China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 65-76页

作者： YANG HaiJun1 ,2&HAN JianFa 1,2 1Resources School of China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China 2Research Institutes of tarim oilfield company,petrochina,Korla 841000,China Resources School of China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China Research Institutes of tarim oilfield company PetroChina Korla 841000 China

Lunnan region is a large-scale paleohigh with many coexisting oil and gas bearing *** present, about 2 billions tons of proved,probable and possible oil and gas reverses have been proved *** oil and gas bearing series have been found in the Ordovician,Carboniferous,Triassic and Jurassic of Lunnan region,they all bear the characteristics of large-scale multilayer oil-gas *** is the main reservoir series where over 0.8 billion tons of oil geologic reserves were discovered,and a super large-scale marine carbonate oil and gas field has *** space of the carbonate reservoirs is mainly composed of dissolved hole,dissolved pore and fracture in Lunnan paleo-burial ***, dissolved holes are widely distributed among *** developments are mainly controlled by karstification and tectonic *** to the similar geochemical characters,the Ordovician,Carboniferous,Triassic and Jurassic oil and gas reservoirs present the same oil source rock of Mid-Upper Ordovician,the latter except Ordovician are mostly of secondary oil and gas reservoirs migrated vertically by faults during the process of multiple phase tectonic movement,adjustment and reconstruction. Lunnan composite oil and gas accumulation region is situated in the vicinity of large-scale hydrocarbon generation depressions in three directions,ample oil and gas from hydrocarbon generation depressions supplied the adjacent oil and gas reservoirs ***,the succeed paleohigh is the long-term hydrocarbon accumulation region,which is favor for the formations of high quality reservoirs,fault systems and huge-scale composite oil and gas accumulation.

关键词： multilayer oil and gas reservoirs paleohigh Ordovician Lunnan region tarim Basin

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Transport feasibility of proppant by supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing in reservoir fractures

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2018年第3期30卷 507-513页

作者： Xian-zhi Song Gen-sheng Li Bin Guo Hai-zhu Wang Xiao-jiang Li Ze-hao Lv State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijingBeijing 102249China petrochina tarim oilfield company Korla 841000China

The pure supercritical carbon dioxide（SC-CO2） fracturing prevents the clay from swelling and avoids the water lock as compared with the slick-water fracturing. The CO2 molecule could replace the CH4 adsorbed in organic matter and tiny particles on the clay mineral surface in the formation. This leads to an increased cumulative gas production rate. The SC-CO2 fracturing is an alternative waterless fracturing technique for an effective future development of shale gas reservoirs. Due to its low density and viscosity as compared with the slick-water, it attracts attentions for the proppant transport. In this paper, the two phase flow of the SC-CO2 and the proppant in fractures during the SC-CO2 fracturing is analyzed with the computational fluid dynamics method. The characteristics of the proppant transport by the SC-CO2 fracturing and the slick-water fracturing are compared. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis is also performed to see the influence of various parameters on the proppant transport ability of the SC-CO2 fracturing. It is shown that the proppants in the SC-CO2 and the slick-water have similar distribution characteristics. Reducing the proppant density, the proppant diameter, and the solid volume fraction as well as increasing the injection rate can all have similar filling effects on the fractures. The feasibility of the proppant transport by the SC-CO2 fracturing in fractures is revealed and a guidance is provided for the SC-CO2 fracturing design.

关键词： Supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing fracture sand carrying numerical simulation

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