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Spatial distribution of the potential forest biomass availability in Europe

Forest Ecosystems 2019年第1期6卷 56-66页

作者： Pieter Johannes Verkerk Joanne Brighid Fitzgerald Pawan Datta Matthias Dees Geerten Martijn Hengeveld Marcus Lindner Sergey Zudin European Forest Institute University of Freiburg-Institute of Forest Sciences-chair of Remote Sensing and Landscape Information Systems Wageningen University and research

Background: European forests are considered a crucial resource for supplying biomass to a growing bio-economy in Europe. This study aimed to assess the potential availability of forest biomass from European forests and its spatial distribution. We tried to answer the questions(i) how is the potential forest biomass availability spatially distributed across Europe and(ii) where are hotspots of potential forest biomass availability located?Methods: The spatial distribution of woody biomass potentials was assessed for 2020 for stemwood, residues(branches and harvest losses) and stumps for 39 European countries. Using the European Forest Information SCENario(EFISCEN) model and international forest statistics, we estimated the theoretical amount of biomass that could be available based on the current and future development of the forest age-structure, growing stock and increment and forest management regimes. We combined these estimates with a set of environmental(site productivity, soil and water protection and biodiversity protection) and technical(recovery rate, soil bearing capacity) constraints, which reduced the amount of woody biomass that could potentially be available. We mapped the potential biomass availability at the level of administrative units and at the 10 km × 10 km grid level to gain insight into the spatial distribution of the woody biomass ***: According to our results, the total availability of forest biomass ranges between 357 and 551 Tg dry matter per year. The largest potential supply of woody biomass per unit of land can be found in northern Europe(southern Finland and Sweden, Estonia and Latvia), central Europe(Austria, Czech Republic, and southern Germany),Slovenia, southwest France and Portugal. However, large parts of these potentials are already used to produce materials and energy. The distribution of biomass potentials that are currently unused only partially coincides with regions that currently have high levels of wood pro

关键词： Forest biomass EFISCEN Europe Potential supply Spatial distribution

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MALODOR POLLUTION FROM REFINERY SEWAGE TREATMENT SYSTEM AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY

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石油学报（石油加工） 2003年第1期19卷 79-83页

作者： LIU Zhong sheng, GUO Bing bing, WANG Yu ting, LIU Nian zeng (Fushun research Institute of Petroleum and petrochemicals, Fushun 113001, China) Fushun research Institute of Petroleum and petrochemicals Fushun 113001

Main malodor pollutants from oil separator of Refinery A are hydrocarbons and a small quantity of sulfides. Main malodor pollutants from surface aeration tank of Refinery B are sulfides, especially CH 3SH. And main malodor pollutants from bubbling aeration tank of Refinery C are also sulfides, of which H 2S concentration is the highest. Catalytic combustion technology is applied to treat malodorous gas from oil separator of Refinery A, in which the total hydrocarbon removal was over 97%. The purified gas meets the national standard. Activated carbon adsorption is used to treat malodorous gas from surface aeration tank of Refinery B, and main pollutant CH 3SH removal reached up to 98%～100%. As for malodorous gas from bubbling aeration tank of Refinery C, bio packing tower is used and the removals of hydrogen sulfide, organic sulfides and benzene series reached up to 80%～98%.

关键词：炼油污水处理场恶臭污染污染治理研究

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Preparation of a highly efficient Pt/USY catalyst for hydrogenation and selective ring-opening reaction of tetralin

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Petroleum Science 2018年第3期15卷 605-612页

作者： Qi Wang Zhang-Gui Hou Bo Zhang Jian Liu Wei-Yu Song De-Sheng Xue Li-Zhi Liu Dong Wang Xin-Guo Chen State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China CNOOC research Institute of Oil and petrochemicals Beijing 102249 China

Ultrastable Y zeolite（USY）-supported Pt catalyst was prepared by gas-bubbling-assisted membrane reduction. The influence of reaction conditions and the metal and acid sites of catalysts on the catalytic performance of catalyst in hydrogenation and selective ring opening of tetralin, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene（THN）, was studied. It was found that the optimal reaction conditions were at a temperature of 280 °C, hydrogen pressure of 4 MPa, liquid hourly space velocity of 2 h^-1 and H2/THN ratio of 750. Under these optimal conditions, a high conversion of almost 100% was achieved on the 0.3 Pt/USY catalyst. XRD patterns and TEM images revealed that Pt particles were highly dispersed on the USY, favorable to the hydrogenation reaction of tetralin. Ammonia temperature-programmed desorption and Py-IR results indicated that the introduction of Pt can reduce the acid sites of USY, particularly the strong acid sites of USY. Thus, the hydrocracking reaction can be suppressed.

关键词： Hydrogenation and selective ring opening Reaction conditions Supported Pt catalyst Tetralin

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Analysis of axial strain in one-dimensional loading by different models

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2010年第5期26卷 745-753页

作者： G.Aryanpour M.Farzaneh NSERC/Hydro-Québec/UQAC Industrial chair on Atmospheric Icing of Power Network Equipment(CIGELE) and Canada research chair on Engineering of Power Network Atmospheric Icing(INGIVRE) CIGELE Université du Québec à Chicoutimi(UQAC)555 Boul.de l'Université

Different phenomenological equations based on plasticity, primary creep （as a viscoplastic mechanism）, secondary creep （as another viscoplastic mechanism） and different combinations of these equations are presented and used to describe the material inelastic deformation in uniaxial test. Agreement of the models with experimental results and with the theoretical concepts and physical realities is the criterion of choosing the most appropriate formulation for uniaxial test. A model is thus proposed in which plastic deformation, primary creep and secondary creep contribute to the inelastic deformation. However, it is believed that the hardening parameter is composed of plastic and primary creep parts. Accordingly, the axial plastic strain in a uniaxial test may no longer be considered as the hardening parameter. Therefore, a proportionality concept is proposed to calculate the plastic contribution of deformation.

关键词： Modelling Uniaxial test Plastic - Creep Strain hardening - Proportionality

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Analysis of drop deformation dynamics in turbulent flow

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2016年第2期24卷 264-277页

作者： Stephanie Nachtigall Daniel Zedel Matthias Kraume chair of Chemical and Process Engineering Technische Universitat Berlin

Drop breakage and coalescence influence the particle formation in liquid-liquid dispersions. In order to reduce the influencing factors of the whole dispersion process, single drops where coalescence processes can be neglected were analyzed in this work. Drops passing the turbulent vicinity of a single stirrer blade were investi- gated by high-speed imaging. In order to gain a statistically relevant amount of drops passing the area of interest and corresponding breakage events, at least 1600 droplets were considered for each parameter set of this work. A specially developed fully automatic image analysis based on Matlab was used for the evaluation of the resulting high amount of image data. This allowed the elimination of the time-consuming manual analysis and further- more, allowed the objective evaluation of the drops＇ behavior. Different deformation parameters were consid- ered in order to describe the drop deformation dynamics properly. Regarding the ratio of both main particle axes （0axes）, which was therefore approximated through an ellipse, allowed the determination of very small de- viations from the spherical shape. The perimeter of the particle （0peri） was used for the description of highly de- formed shapes. In this work the results of a higher viscosity paraffin oil （ηd =127 mPa. s） and a low viscosity solvent （petroleum, ηd = 1.7 mPa-s） are presented with and without the addition of SDS to the continuous water phase. All results show that the experimentally determined oscillation but also deformation times underlie a wide spreading. Drop deformations significantly increased not only with increasing droplet viscosity, but also with decreasing interfacial tension. Highly deformed particles of one droplet species were more likely to break than more or less spherical particles. As droplet fragmentation results from a variety of different macro-scale de- formed particles, it is not assumed that a critical deformation value must be reached for the fragmentati

关键词： Drop deformation Drop breakage Liquid-liquid system Turbulent mixing Image analysis High-speed imaging

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Dispersion of CoCl_2 into γ-Al_2O_3 Studied by Positron

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2009年第5期14卷 425-429页

作者： LI Wei ZHANG Qilin ZHU Jun LUO Xihui School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei China Fushun research Institute of Petroleum and petrochemicals Fushtm 113001 Liaoning China

Co^2＋/γ-Al2O3 samples were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation of γ-Al2O3 with different concentration solution of COCl2 and dried at 40 ℃. We measured the positron lifetime spectra of the samples of different Co2＋ mass fractions （0%-8.24%） heated at different temperatures （100 -500 ℃）. All lifetime spectra were resolved into four components, in which the third and the fourth components were related to the surface state of the micropores and the secondary pores of the γ-Al2O3. The experimental results showed that the Co^2＋ was mainly located in the micropores and the secondary pores near to the exterior of the support. For low Co^2＋ mass fraction samples, when the heating temperature was above 400℃, dispersal was almost finished. When the Co^2＋ mass fraction was above 5.59%, Co^2＋ and Cl were dispersed into the secondary pores in the form of multiple layers.

关键词： dispersion COCl2 γ-Al2O3 positron annihilation spectroscopy

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An IEEE value loop of human-technology collaboration in geospatial information science

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2020年第1期23卷 61-67页

作者： Liqiu Meng chair of Cartography Technical University of MunichMunichGermany

Geosensing and social sensing as two digitalization mainstreams in big data era are increasingly converging toward an integrated system for the creation of semantically enriched digital *** with the rapid developments of AI technologies,this convergence has inevitably brought about a number of *** the one hand,value-adding chains from raw data to products and services are becoming value-adding loops composed of four successive stages–Informing,Enabling,Engaging and Empowering(IEEE).Each stage is a dynamic loop for *** the other hand,the“human versus technology”relationship is upgraded toward a game-changing“human and technology”*** information loop is essentially shaped by the omnipresent reciprocity between humans and technologies as equal partners,co-learners and co-creators of new *** paper gives an analytical review on the mutually changing roles and responsibilities of humans and technologies in the individual stages of the IEEE loop,with the aim to promote a holistic understanding of the state of the art of geospatial information ***,the author elicits a number of challenges facing the interwoven human-technology *** transformation to a growth mind-set may take time to realize and *** works on large-scale semantic data integration are just in the *** experiences of geovisual analytic approaches are far from being systematically ***,the ethical concerns for the handling of semantically enriched digital Earth cover not only the sensitive issues related to privacy violation,copyright infringement,abuse,*** also the questions of how to make technologies as controllable and understandable as possible for humans and how to keep the technological ethos within its constructive sphere of societal influence.

关键词： Geosensing social sensing geovisual analytics semantic web embodied cognition ethics uncertainty

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New insights into the pathogenesis of intestina dysfunction:secretory diarrhea and cystic fibrosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第4期6卷 470-474页

作者： Kim E. Barrett Professor and Vice-chair for research Department of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoSchool of MedicineSan DiegoCA 92103USA

INTRODUCTIONA major function of the intestinal epithelium is to controlthe amount of fluid entering into and being absorbed fromthe *** healthy conditions,net fluid movementfollows an absorptive vector,although signif... 详细信息

关键词： gatrointestinal motility diarrhea/etiology cystic fibrosis intestinal secretions chlorides Crohn’s disease intestinal absorption

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Catalyst particle shapes and pore structure engineering for hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation reactions

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022年第6期16卷 897-908页

作者： Yao Shi Zhao Li Changfeng Yang Zhanlin Yang Zhenhui Lv Chong Peng Bao-Lian Su Weikang Yuan Xinggui Zhou Xuezhi Duan State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China Dalian research Institute of Petroleum and petrochemicals SINOPECDalian 116045China Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry University of NamurB-5000 NamurBelgium

Catalyst particle shapes and pore structure engineering are crucial for alleviating internal diffusion limitations in the hydrodesulfiirization(HDS)/hydrodeni-trogenation(HDN)of gas *** effects of catalyst particle shapes(sphere,cylinder,trilobe,and tetralobe)and pore structures(pore diameter and porosity)on HDS/HDN performance at the particle scale are investigated via mathematical *** relationship between particle shape and effectiveness factor is first established,and the specific surface areas of different catalyst particles show a positive correlation with the average HDS/HDN reaction *** catalyst particle shapes primarily alter the average HDS/HDN reaction rate to adjust the HDS/HDN effectiveness *** optimal average HDS/HDN reaction rate exists as the catalyst pore diameter and porosity increase,and this optimum value indicates a tradeoff between diffusion and *** contrast to catalyst particle shapes,the catalyst pore diameter and the porosity of catalyst particles primarily alter the surface HDS/HDN reaction rate to adjust the HDS/HDN effectiveness *** study provides insights into the engineering of catalyst particle shapes and pore structures for improving HDS/HDN catalyst particle efficiency.

关键词： hydrodesulfiirization hydrodenitrogenation particle shape pore structure

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Root Exudation of Organic Acids of Herbaceous Pioneer Plants and Their Growth in Sterile and Non-Sterile Nutrient-Poor,Sandy Soils from Post-Mining Sites

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Pedosphere 2019年第1期29卷 34-44页

作者： Katja BOLDT-BURISCH Bernd Uwe SCHNEIDER M.Anne NAETH Reinhard F.HTTL chair of Soil Protection and Recultivation Brandenburg University of Technology Helmholtz Centre Potsdam-German research Centre for Geosciences Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta

Nutrient-poor, sandy soils form the prevailing substrate at post-mining sites of the Lusatian region(Brandenburg, Germany) and present a challenge for vegetation development. We studied the organic acid quantity and composition of three commonly occurring pioneer plant species, the legumes Lotus corniculatus L. and Trifolium arvense L. and the grass Calamagrostis epigeios(L.) Roth, to determine if plant growth and exudation differed with(non-sterilized soil) and without(sterilized soil) an indigenous soil microbial community. We investigated whether organic acids were found in the rhizosphere and surrounding soil and whether this influenced nutrient mobilization. This study consists of linked field investigations and a greenhouse experiment. Plants were grown in the greenhouse in either sterilized or non-sterilized sandy soil from a reclamation site in the Lusatian mining landscape(Welzow Su¨d, East Germany). After seven months, the plant biomass, root morphology, organic acids, and water-soluble nutrients and root colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) and dark septate endophytes(DSE) were analyzed. Roots of all three plants in the field and greenhouse experiments were highly colonized with AMF. Calamagrostis epigeios and T. arvense had a significantly higher colonization frequency with DSE than L. corniculatus. The quantity and composition of organic acids strongly differed among plant species, with the highest number of organic acids found for L. corniculatus and lowest for C. epigeios. The quantity of organic acids was greatly reduced in all plants under sterilized soil conditions. However, the composition of organic acids and plant growth in sterilized soil were reduced for both legumes, but not for C. epigeios, which had a higher biomass under sterilized conditions. Changes in nutrient concentrations in the field rhizosphere soil relative to those in the control were measurable after seven months. While the spectrum of organic acids and the growth

关键词： Calamagrostis epigeios indigenous soil microbial community Lotus corniculatus microbial colonization mining landscape nutrient mobilization root symbiotic partner Trifolium arvense

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