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Geostatistical seismic inversion and 3D modelling of metric flow units,porosity and permeability in Brazilian presalt reservoir

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 1699-1718页

作者： Rodrigo Penna Wagner Moreira Lupinacci Exploratory Interpretation and Reservoir Characterization Group(GIECAR) Department of Geology and GeophysicsUniversidade Federal FluminenseNiteroiRJ24210-346Brazil petrobras Rio de JaneiroRJ20031-912Brazil

Flow units(FU)rock typing is a common technique for characterizing reservoir flow behavior,producing reliable porosity and permeability estimation even in complex geological ***,the lateral extrapolation of FU away from the well into the whole reservoir grid is commonly a difficult task and using the seismic data as constraints is rarely a subject of *** paper proposes a workflow to generate numerous possible 3D volumes of flow units,porosity and permeability below the seismic resolution limit,respecting the available seismic data at larger *** methodology is used in the Mero Field,a Brazilian presalt carbonate reservoir located in the Santos Basin,who presents a complex and heterogenic geological setting with different sedimentological processes and diagenetic *** generated metric flow units using the conventional core analysis and transposed to the well log ***,given a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm,the seismic data and the well log statistics,we simulated acoustic impedance,decametric flow units(DFU),metric flow units(MFU),porosity and permeability volumes in the metric *** aim is to estimate a minimum amount of MFU able to calculate realistic scenarios porosity and permeability scenarios,without losing the seismic lateral *** other words,every porosity and permeability volume simulated produces a synthetic seismic that match the real seismic of the area,even in the metric *** achieved 3D results represent a high-resolution fluid flow reservoir modelling considering the lateral control of the seismic during the process and can be directly incorporated in the dynamic characterization workflow.

关键词： Flowunits Geostatistical inversion Presalt reservoir 3D reservoir modelling Petrophysical modelling

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Performance of evolutionary optimized machine learning for modeling total organic carbon in core samples of shale gas fields

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Petroleum 2024年第1期10卷 150-164页

作者： Leonardo Goliatt C.M.Saporetti L.C.Oliveira E.Pereira Department of Computational and Applied Mechanics Federal University of Juiz de Fora Department of Computational Modeling Polytechnic Institute Rio de Janeiro State University petrobras Department of Stratigraphy and Paleontology Rio de Janeiro State University

Rock samples' TOC content is the best indicator of the organic matter in source rocks. The origin rock samples' analysis is used to calculate it manually by specialists. This method requires time and resources because it relies on samples from many well intervals in source rocks. Therefore, research has been done to aid this effort. Machine learning algorithms can estimate total organic carbon instead of well logs and stratigraphic studies. In light of these efforts, the current work present a study on automating the total organic carbon estimation using machine learning approaches improved by an evolutionary methodology to give the model flexibility and precision. Genetic algorithms, differential evolution, particle swarm optimization, grey wolf optimization, artificial bee colony, and evolution strategies were used to improve machine learning models to predict TOC. The six metaheuristics were integrated into four machine learning methods: extreme learning machine, elastic net linear model, linear support vector regression, and multivariate adaptive regression splines. Core samples from the YuDong-Nan shale gas field, located in the Sichuan basin, were used to evaluate the hybrid strategy. The findings show that combining machine learning models with an evolutionary algorithms in a hybrid fashion produce flexible models that accurately predict TOC. The results show that, independent of the metaheuristic used to guide the model selection, optimized extreme learning machines attained the best performance scores according to six metrics. Such hybrid models can be used in exploratory geological research,particularly for unconventional oil and gas resources.

关键词： Total organic carbon Hybrid models Automated machine learning Evolutionary algorithms Geology

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Stochastic seismic inversion and Bayesian facies classification applied to porosity modeling and igneous rock identification

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 918-935页

作者： Fábio Júnior Damasceno Fernandes Leonardo Teixeira Antonio Fernando Menezes Freire Wagner Moreira Lupinacci Exploratory Interpretation and Reservoir Characterization Group(GIECAR) Department of Geology and GeophysicsFederal Fluminense UniversityNiter oiRJ24210-346Brazil petrobras Rio de JaneiroRJ20231-030Brazil National Institute of Science and Technology of Petroleum Geophysics(INCT-GP/CNPQ) Niter oiRJ24210-346Brazil

We apply stochastic seismic inversion and Bayesian facies classification for porosity modeling and igneous rock identification in the presalt interval of the Santos Basin. This integration of seismic and well-derived information enhances reservoir characterization. Stochastic inversion and Bayesian classification are powerful tools because they permit addressing the uncertainties in the model. We used the ES-MDA algorithm to achieve the realizations equivalent to the percentiles P10, P50, and P90 of acoustic impedance, a novel method for acoustic inversion in presalt. The facies were divided into five: reservoir 1,reservoir 2, tight carbonates, clayey rocks, and igneous rocks. To deal with the overlaps in acoustic impedance values of facies, we included geological information using a priori probability, indicating that structural highs are reservoir-dominated. To illustrate our approach, we conducted porosity modeling using facies-related rock-physics models for rock-physics inversion in an area with a well drilled in a coquina bank and evaluated the thickness and extension of an igneous intrusion near the carbonate-salt interface. The modeled porosity and the classified seismic facies are in good agreement with the ones observed in the wells. Notably, the coquinas bank presents an improvement in the porosity towards the top. The a priori probability model was crucial for limiting the clayey rocks to the structural lows. In Well B, the hit rate of the igneous rock in the three scenarios is higher than 60%, showing an excellent thickness-prediction capability.

关键词： Stochastic inversion Bayesian classification Porosity modeling Carbonate reservoirs Igneous rocks

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Integrated risk management: a petrobras application in offshore well construction safety to minimize critical emergency disconnections

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Petroleum Science 2018年第2期15卷 421-431页

作者： Claudio Benevenuto de Campos Lima Pedro Esteves Aranha Jose Francisco Tebaldi de Castro Gilson Brito Alves Lima Augusto Borella Hougaz Felipe de Souza Terra petrobras Department of Production Engineering Federal Fluminense University

In order to avoid mistakes and to save a great deal of time in analysis, an innovative methodology was developed that can analyze the well operations and rig characteristics involved to define the best emergency disconnect sequence （EDS） available. A solution was developed based on the characteristics of the rigs and blowout preventers （BOPs）, and six variables were considered that directly affect the choice of EDS. All possible combinations of 64 scenarios were analyzed, and the priority of choice of the EDS was defined empirically. This paper presents an approach to EDS risk management and examples of exposure time （time without riser safety margin and shear capability） for the same well, which can be lowered from 13% to 0.1%. The impact of this reduction is related to the ability of the BOP to cut some of the heavy casings, in addition to improved availability of EDS modes. This implementation opened up many possibilities for the performance of risk exposure analysis, enabling comparison of several BOP configurations of contracted rigs and selection of the best options. This innovative approach allowed a better management of the rig schedules, prioritizing safety aspects and making it possible to allocate the fleet in a systematic way.

关键词： Well safety Safety barriers Emergency disconnect sequence (EDS) Well control Kick Well design

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Performance of Compact Radial Basis Functions in the Direct Interpolation Boundary Element Method for Solving Potential Problems

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2017年第3期113卷 367-387页

作者： C.F.Loeffle L.Zamprogno W.J.Mansur A.Bulcao DEM/PPGEM Federal University of Espírito Santo PGSU petrobras PEC/LAMEMO/COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro CENPES petrobras

This study evaluates the effectiveness of a new technique that transforms doma in integrals into boundary integrals that is applicable to the boundary element *** mulations were conducted in which two-dimensional surfaces were approximated by inter polation using radial basis functions with full and compact *** involving Poisson’s equation are presented using the boundary element method and the proposed te chnique with compact radial basis *** advantages and the disadvantages are e xamined through *** effects of internal poles,the boundary mesh refinemen t and the value for the support of the radial basis functions on performance are assessed.

关键词： Interpolations radial basis functions boundary element method Poisson’s equation

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Experimental evidence of pressure effects on spinel dissolution and peridotite serpentinization kinetics under shallow hydrothermal conditions

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第2期15卷 236-250页

作者： Yuri de Melo Portella Rommulo Vieira Conceição Tiago Abreu Siqueira Lucas Bonan Gomes Rodrigo Sebastian Iglesias Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências(PPGGEO) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil petrobras–Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. Avenida Henrique Valadares 28CentroRio de Janeiro(RJ)20231-030Brazil Instituto do Petróleo e dos Recursos Naturais-PUCRS–Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul 90619-900Porto AlegreBrazil Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Instituto de GeociênciasLaboratório de Difratometria de Raios XPorto AlegreBrazil Escola Politécnica–PUCRS-Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul 90619-900 Porto AlegreBrazil

Serpentinization reactions are paramount to understand hydro-geothermal activity near plate boundaries and mafic–ultramafic massifs,as well as fluid and element transfer between the Earth’s mantle and ***,fluid-rock element exchange and serpentinization kinetics under shallow hydrothermal conditions is still largely *** we present two constant temperature(230℃)time-series of natural peridotite(77.5%olivine;13.7%enstatite;6.8%diopside;2%spinel)serpentinization experiments:at 13.4 MPa;and 20.7 ***-enriched lizardite was the main secondary mineral in all runs after olivine(olv)and orthopyroxene(opx)serpentinization(without any detectable brucite,talc or magnetite),while primary spinel and diopside partially dissolved during the *** serpentinization stages comprises intrinsically coupled reactions between olivine and enstatite,as Al and Si are progressively transferred from orthopyroxene-derived to olivine-derived serpentine,while the opposite is true for Mg and Fe,with homogenization of serpentines compositions after 40 *** Ni/Cr ratios of serpentines,however,remain diagnostic of the respective primary *** average serpentine content indicates fast serpentinization rates of 0.55 wt.%·day^(-1)(0.26 mmol·day^(-1))and 0.26 wt.%·day^(-1)(0.13 mmol·day^(-1))at 13.4 and 20.7 MPa,*** 2x faster serpentinization kinetics at lower pressure is likely linked to enhanced spinel dissolution leading to one order of magnitude higher available Al,which accelerates olivine serpentinization while delays orthopyroxene ***,time-dependent increase in solid products masses suggests rock volume expands linearly 0.37%±0.01%per serpentine wt.%independently of *** balance constrains suggests olv:opx react at~5:2 and~3:2 M ratios,resulting in Si-deficient and Si-saturated serpentines at the end of the low-pressure series(13.4 MPa)and high-pressure series(20.7 MPa),***

关键词： Serpentine Volume expansion Serpentinization fluids Lost City hydrothermal field Serpentinite-hosted hydrothermal systems Hydrogen(H_(2))generation

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Phasor-domain Dynamic Model of Asymmetric Current Injection Controller for Converter-interfaced Generator

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2021年第6期9卷 1269-1278页

作者： Victor A.F.Almeida Glauco N.Taranto José M.T.Marinho Electrical Engineering Department of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro(COPPE/UFRJ) petrobras S.A.

This paper presents a controller model of asymmetric current injection for converter-interfaced generators suitable for root-mean-square(RMS)phasor-domain,fundamentalfrequency,three-phase,and dynamic simulation *** effectiveness of the proposed controller is assessed with simulations in test systems with high percentage of converter-interfaced *** simulations focus on the operation of protection relays that use negative-sequence quantities in their directional *** paper also presents and compares two strategies to limit reactive negative-sequence currents,and active and reactive positive-sequence currents.A tutorial test system and a regional system part of the actual Brazilian Interconnected Power System are used to assess the correctness of the proposed controller in three-phase fundamental-frequency RMS dynamic simulations.

关键词： Converter-interfaced generator three-phase model power system protection negative-sequence current injection negative-sequence current protection unbalanced fault three-phase root-mean-square(RMS)dynamic simulation

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CFD predictions for hazardous area classification

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第1期27卷 21-31页

作者： Andrey Oliveira de Souza Aurélio Moreira Luiz Ant?nio Tavernard Pereira Neto Ant?nio Carlos Brandao de Araujo Heleno Bispo da Silva Sidinei Kebler da Silva Jose Jailson Nicacio Alves Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Paraiba petrobras-Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. Federal University of Campina Grande

This study aimed to describe a Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) procedure using the ANSYS CFX software 16.1 and Design of Experiments for the determination of volume and extension of explosive atmospheres due to fugitive emissions of flammable *** multidimensional statistical sampling technique Latin Hypercube was used, which defined 100 simulations of random methane gas leak *** CFD model proved to be robust in predicting the extension and volume of the explosive atmosphere for orifice diameters from 0.1 to2.5 mm, pressure from 0.1 MPa to 12 MPa and temperatures from 0 ℃ to 400 ℃.It was found that the calculation domain must be parameterized 8 m in length for each millimeter of the diameter of the source of release to ensure the *** order not to lose precision for very small diameters, the mesh was parameterized with 50 elements along the orifice *** was proved that gravity does not influence the extension and volume of the explosive atmosphere at sonic *** deviation from the ideal gas behavior in the reservoir,achieved by applying the Soave–Redlich–Kwong equation of state, also has not significantly influenced the extension and volume of the explosive *** results showed that the size of the explosive atmosphere varies directly with the diameter of the source emission and reservoir pressure, and inversely with the temperature of the *** diameter of the source is the parameter that has the major effect on the extension of the explosive atmosphere, followed by the pressure and lastly the temperature of the reservoir.

关键词： Computational Fluid Dynamics Computer simulation Safety Fugitive emissions Classified area Flammable gas cloud

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Response of Castor Bean Plants to Different Row Spacings and Planting Seasons

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第12期4卷 10-15页

作者： Guilherme Eugenio Machado Lopes Henrique Duarte Vieira Fábio Luiz Partelli petrobras biocombustível Rio de JaneiroBrazil Laboratório de Fitotecnia Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy RibeiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Departamento de Ciencias Agrárias e Biológicas Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito SantoUniversidade Federal do Espírito SantoSao MateusBrazil

The cultivation of the castor bean plant is prominent and important because of its potential for producing vegetable oils with special properties. However, research on cultivating castor bean plants is scarce, especially in areas with altitudes of 300 m or below. Moreover, the currently available cultivars have not been widely tested in Brazil. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the response of the castor bean cultivar BRS Nordestina to different spacings at low altitudes during two cropping seasons. The study was conducted in the municipality of Itaocara, in the northwest Fluminense region, Brazil, which has an altitude of 60 m. The treatments consisted of five row spacings (1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 m) with 1 m between plants. The plants were cultivated in the 2007/2008 spring/summer season or in the 2008 autumn/winter season. A randomised block design with four replicates was used. The following parameters were assessed: plant height, height of insertion of primary raceme, number of racemes per plant, raceme length, number of fruits per raceme and grain yield. The spacing of 2.5 m between rows had the highest yield of castor beans during the two cropping seasons. The average yield of the cultivar BRS Nordestina indicates its potential for cultivation in northern Rio de Janeiro, below an altitude of 300 m. The yield was higher during the summer cropping season. The less-dense arrangement of the plant population contributed to the cultivation of plants with more racemes in both growing seasons.

关键词： Ricinus communis L. Yield Planting Season

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A Novel Approach for Inferring the Proportion of Terrestrial Organic Matter Input to Marine Sediments on the Basis of TOC:TN and δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>org</sub>Signatures

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2013年第2期3卷 74-92页

作者： Antonio Fernando Menezes Freire Marcelo Costa Monteiro Department of Geochemistry Petrobras Research Center Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy Petrobras Research Center Rio de Janeiro Brazil

The ratio of total organic carbon to total nitrogen (TOC:TN) and the stable carbon isotope ratio of organic matter (δ13Corg) are widely applied for inferring the origin of organic matter (OM) in Quaternary marine sediments. A plot of TOC:TN vs. δ13Corg is useful for such studies but is strongly based on qualitative constraints. This study is based on the qualitative characterization of the source of Quaternary OM via analysis of TOC:TN and δ13Corg signatures, but also proposes a probability parameter, which combines both signatures, to infer the amount of Terrestrial OM Input (TOMI). This index provides a method for quantifying the proportion of terrestrial OM vs. marine OMin a more comprehensive manner. The TOMI index concept was applied to a study area in theJoetsuBasin, eastern margin of theJapanSea, where previous studies have characterized theOMfrom the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the present. The upwards increase in TOC indicates thatOMproduction during the Holocene was higher than during the LGM. The enriched δ13Corg signature upwards and decrease in TOC:TN suggest predominantly marine phytoplankton OM during the Holocene. Throughout the LGM, low OM production with depleted δ13Corg values and high TOC:TN values in the sediments suggest a predominantly C3 terrestrial plant source for the OM. Using these data, it was possible to calculate a proxy for a sea level variation curve during that period and to investigate the influence of the proximity of the coastal line to the continental slope on the input of terrestrial material to the basin. The proposal provides information for the application of sequence stratigraphic concepts. The TOMI index could confirm that the proximity to the shoreline and shelf break has a strong influence on the input of terrestrial material during lowstand periods.

关键词： δ13Corg Joetsu Basin Japan Sea Terrestrial Organic Matter Input TOMI Index TOC:TN

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