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Re-Examination of the Oil and Gas Origins in the Kekeya Gas Condensate Field,Northwest China——A Case Study of Hydrocarbon-Source Correlation Using Sophisticated Geochemical Methods

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第1期91卷 186-203页

作者： GONG Deyu WANG Zhaoyun LIU Gang CHEN Gang FANG Chenchen XIAO Zhongyao Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina tarim Oilfield company PetroChina

This work discussed the origins, alteration and accumulation processes of the oil and gas in the Kekeya gas condensate field based on molecular compositions, stable carbon isotopes, light hydrocarbons, diamondoid hydrocarbons and biomarker fingerprints. A comparison study is also made between the geochemical characteristics of the Kekeya hydrocarbons and typical marine and terrigenous hydrocarbons of the tarim Basin. Natural gas from the Kekeya gas condensate field is derived from Middle–Lower Jurassic coal measures while the condensates are derived from Carboniferous–Permian marine source rocks with a higher maturity. In the study area, both natural gas and condensates have experienced severe water washing. A large amount of methane was dissolved into the water, resulting in a decrease in the dryness coefficient. Water washing also makes the carbon isotopic compositions of the natural gas more negative and partially reverse. Considering that the gas maturities are higher than once expected, gas generation intensity in the study area should be much stronger and the gas related to the Jurassic coal measures could promise a greater prospecting potential. As a result of evaporative fractionation, the Kekeya condensates are enriched in saturates and lack aromatics. Evaporative fractionation disguises the original terrigenous characteristics of the light hydrocarbons associated with the natural gas, making it appear marinesourced. Thus, alteration processes should be fully taken into consideration when gas–source correlations are carried out based on light hydrocarbons. With the condensates discovered in the study area all being ＂migration phase＂, the pre-salt Cretaceous and Jurassic reservoirs may promise great exploration potential for the ＂residual phase＂ hydrocarbons. This research not only is of significance for oil and gas exploration in the southwest tarim Basin, but also sheds light on the oil/gas-source correlations in general.

关键词： Kekeya gas condensate field evaporative fractionation water washing coal-derived gas marine condensates stable carbon isotopes diamondoid hydrocarbons

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Petroleum geological characteristics of Kela-2 gas field

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第S1期47卷 94-99页

作者： JIA Chengzao ZHOU Xinyuan WANG Zhaoming LI Qiming PI Xuejun CAI Zhenzhong HU Xiaoyong petrochina company Limited Beijing 100083China petrochina tarim Oil Field company Korla 841000China

The Kela-2 gas field is located in the center ofKelasu structural belt in Kuqa Depression. This trap is oneof a series of traps in the folded belts which are distributed ina string of pearls in the dual structure. The primary gas-bearing layers are sandstone of Lower Cretaceous K1bswhile the secondary layers are dolomite member and gluten-ite member of Lower Tertiary E1-2km and sandstone ofLower Cretaceous K1b. The main component of natural gasis methane whose content is higher than 97%. It is charac-terized by dry gas whose source rock is Jurassic coal meas-ure. The Kela-2 structural trap was formed during the Xiyuperiod and then became a reservoir in the late time. The res-ervoir formed late and the thick seal rock of Lower Tertiarygipsmantle are the avail reason why the giant Kela-2 gasfield has been well kept. The abnormal high pressure of theKela-2 gas field results from the strong structural compres-sion in the northern part during the Xiyu period.

关键词： tarim Basin foreland basin thrust fold belt Kela-2 gas field abnormal high pressure.

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Geological features and hydrocarbon accumulation in the Xinken oil field,tarim Basin

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2013年第4期32卷 367-379页

作者： SONG Lichen ZHU Guangyou LIU Xingwang ZHU Yongfeng SU Jin WANG Kai Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Tarim Oilfield CompanyPetroChina

Recently,a large-scale Ordovician oil and gas pool has been discovered in Xinken,north of the tarim Basin,and it has strongly heterogeneous reservoirs and complicated fluid *** analyzing oil,gas and water samples collected from this area,in combination of field production and testing data,this study reveals that the Xinken oil pool contains dominantly normal oil characterized by low viscosity,low sulphur,and high *** has a low content of natural gas,which presents typical characteristics of wet gas and is oil-associated ***-gas correlation shows that the oil was from the Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks and the charge and accumulation of oil and gas took place in the Late Hercynian *** by paleogeomorphology,sedimentary facies,ancient karstification,faults,and other factors in the Caledonian Period,the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs are dominated by dissolved pores,cavities and *** reservoir body of fractures and cavities is distributed in the shape of strip and laminate along faults and excellent reservoirs are mostly in the range of 70–100 m below the top of the Yijianfang *** a whole,the Xinken oil pool is a fracture-cavity pool controlled by interbedded karst reservoirs and is a complex composed of stacked karst fractures and cavities of various *** contains oil in large areas horizontally,which is quasi-laminated in distribution,and the accumulation of oil and gas is controlled by the distribution and development degree of the Ordovician carbonate *** study shows that this area has abundant resources and a great exploration potential for oil and gas.

关键词：塔里木盆地北部油气成藏地质特征碳酸盐岩储层石油伴生气油田储层控制非均质储层

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Geochemical characteristics and accumulation of marine oil and gas around Halahatang depression,tarim Basin,China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 195-206页

作者： LU YuHong,XIAO ZhongYao,GU QiaoYuan&ZHANG QiuCha Research Institute of Exploration and Development,tarim Oilfield company,petrochina,Korla 841000,China Research Institute of Exploration and Development Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Korla China

There exists a petroleum system rich of oil and gas around Halahatang depression,where the oil and gas possess obvious local distinctions of properties in different *** research proved that the discovered crude oil and natural gas in the region derived mainly from O2+3 source rock,and the differences of its properties were controlled by the oil and gas filling *** comprehensive study result shows the oil and gas reservoirs of the region mainly underwent three important accumulation phases:late Caledonian-Early Hercynian epoch,late Hercynian epoch,and Yanshan-Himalayan epoch. In the first phase,the oil and gas derived mostly from Cambrian source rock,which formed the primary ancient oil reservoirs,then suffered strong degradation and remained a great quantity of pyrobitumen in the high position of Tabei uplift in the *** the second phase,the O2+3 source rock of Manjia'er depression started its generation of hydrocarbon,which accumulated in the high position of Tabei uplift afterwards,and then biodegradated to heavy oil in the late Hercynian *** the last phase,the O2+3 source rock of southern Halahatang depression and margin of Manjia'er depression started its peak of generating liquid hydrocarbon,which mostly accumulated in the trap formed before the Indo-China and Yanshan epoch,and in somewhere the heavy oil suffered dilutions in various degrees or serious gas invading,to lead to obvious crude oil divergence.

关键词： marine facies Mid-Upper Ordovician source rock oil and gas source accumulation stage Halahatang depression tarim Basin

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Investigation of flue gas water-alternating gas (flue gas–WAG) injection for enhanced oil recovery and multicomponent flue gas storage in the post-waterflooding reservoir

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Petroleum Science 2021年第3期18卷 870-882页

作者： Zhou-Hua Wang Bo-Wen Sun Ping Guo Shuo-Shi Wang Huang Liu Yong Liu Dai-Yu Zhou Bo Zhou State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500SichuanChina Research Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Tarim Oilfeld CompanyKorla 841000XinjiangChina Research Institute of Experiment and Detection PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfeld CompanyKaramay 834000XinjiangChina Xinjiang Laboratory of Petroleum Reserve in Conglomerate Karamay 834000XinjiangChina

Flue gas fooding is one of the important technologies to improve oil recovery and achieve greenhouse gas *** order to study multicomponent fue gas storage capacity and enhanced oil recovery(EOR)performance of fue gas water-alternating gas(fue gas-WAG)injection after continuous waterfooding in an oil reservoir,a long core fooding system was *** experimental results showed that the oil recovery factor of fue gas-WAG fooding was increased by 21.25%after continuous waterfooding and fue gas-WAG fooding could further enhance oil recovery and reduce water cut signifcantly.A novel material balance model based on storage mechanism was developed to estimate the multicomponent fue gas storage capacity and storage capacity of each component of fue gas in reservoir oil,water and as free gas in the post-waterfooding *** ultimate storage ratio of fue gas is 16%in the fue gas-WAG fooding *** calculation results of fue gas storage capacity showed that the injection gas storage capacity mainly consists of N_(2) and CO_(2),only N_(2) exists as free gas phase in cores,and other components of injection gas are dissolved in oil and ***,injection strategies from three perspectives for fue gas storage,EOR,and combination of fue gas storage and EOR were proposed,respectively.

关键词： Flue gas storage Enhanced oil recovery Flue gas water-alternating gas Material balance model Injection strategy

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Influence of Salt Beds on the Segmentation of Structure and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Qiulitag Structural Belt,tarim Basin,China

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Journal of China University of Geosciences 2008年第2期19卷 162-173页

作者：范秋海吕修祥杨明慧谢会文 Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum tarim Oil company PetroChina

Seismic information and balanced profile technology were used to reveal the influence of the salt bed in segmentation of structure and hydrocarbon accumulation in Qiulitag structural belt in tarim basin. From west to east, the shortening of strata above the salt beds gradually decreases, while, the shortening below the salt beds gradually increases, which shows that the segmentation of structure integrated the seismic profile. There is great difference of the deformation of strata below and above the salt beds between the west segment and the east segment. The analysis of the distribution of oil/gas fields and the hydrocarbon properties indicates the similar segmentation to the structure segmentation. The salt beds in relatively shallow layers change the stress condition from basement of Kuqa foreland basin, which leads to the segmentation of Qiulitag structural belt. Because the salt beds in the west segment came into being earlier than those in the east segment, the west segment captures hydrocarbon from two sets of source rock, while the east segment can only capture hydrocarbons from one set of source rock. So, the salt beds play an important role in the segmentation of structure and hydrocarbon accumulation.

关键词： Kuqa foreland basin Qiulitag structural belt salt bed segmentation hydrocarbon accumulation.

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Controlling effects of the Ordovician carbonate pore structure on hydrocarbon reservoirs in the tarim Basin, China

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Petroleum Science 2013年第3期10卷 282-291页

作者： Wu Guanghui Yang Haijun Li Haowu Sun Lixia School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen University petrochina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development petrochina tarim Oilfield company

The Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the tarim Basin with secondary dissolution pores and vugs have complicated pore structures. The weathering crust reservoirs mainly consist of large cavities or vugs connected by fractures, but most of the reef-shoal reservoirs have complex and small throats among matrix pores. The pore structure can be divided into four types： big pore and big throat, big pore but small throat, small pore and small throat, and fracture type. Most of the average throat radius falls between 0.03 and 0.07μm, close to that of unconventional reservoirs except in local areas with developed fractures. Fluid driving force analysis shows that the differentiation of fluid is mainly controlled by the throat radius in two kinds of mechanism separated by the critical throat radius about 0.1 μm. There is obvious fluid differentiation and oil/gas/water contact in fracture-cavity reservoirs with big throats. However, most of reservoirs under the critical throat radius have high capillary pressure, which resulted in incomplete differentiation of gas/oil/water, and complicated fluid distribution and fluid properties in the unconventional reservoirs.

关键词： Carbonate throat radius critical hydrocarbon column unconventional reservoir mechanism

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Paleomagnetic results of the Cretaceous marine sediments in Tongyouluke, southwest tarim

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第3期48卷 406-416页

作者： SHEN Zhongyue1, CHEN Hanlin1, FANG Dajun1, DING Jinghai1, ZHANG Shiben2, HUANG Zhibin2 & LI Meng2 1. Department of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 China 2. tarim Oil Field company, petrochina company Limited, Korla 830011, China Department of Earth Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China tarim Oil Field company PetroChina Company Limited Korla China

Paleomagnetic and rock magnetic studies on samples of 18 sites from the Creta- ceous marine sedimentary rocks in the Tongyouluke section, Akto County, southwest tarim, China show that the magnetic carriers of the Lower Cretaceous are dominated by hematite with some magnetite, while the magnetic carriers of the Upper Cretaceous are characterized by a combination of magnetite and titanomagnetite as well as hematite and goethite. Stepwise thermal demagnetization is performed and vector analysis is used to isolate magnetic components, which illustrates a single magnetic component or double magnetic components. The high temperature stable components are dual polarities and pass polarity test, reversal test and consistency test. The overall mean direction of the Lower Cretaceous is D = 27.0°, I = 42.0°, α95=6.5° with pole position at φ = 190.3°, λ=63.1°, dp=4.9°, dm=8.0°. The overall mean direction of the Upper Cretaceous is D = 29.1°, I = 39.4°, α95=11.2° with pole position at φ =190.9°, λ=60.3°, dp= 8.0°, dm=13.4°. Compared with the inclination of the Early Cretaceous from red beds of north tarim, the contemporary inclination of southwest tarim is 10.0°±7.8° sharper, but it is still 8.1° ±8.9°, shallower than that of Early Cretaceous basalts in southwest tarim. Although these pa- leomagnetic data show slightly larger confidence limit, the paleolatitude of the marine Cretaceous tends to lie between that of terrestrial red beds and volcanic rocks.

关键词： tarim paleomagnetism, Cretaceous, magnetic inclination, red beds, marine sedimentary rock.

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Characteristics,genesis and accumulation history of natural gas in Hetianhe gasfield,tarim Basin,China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 84-95页

作者： WANG ZhaoMing 1 ,WANG QingHua 1 ,ZHAO MengJun 2 ,LI Yong 1 &XU ZhiMing 3 1 tarim Oilfield company,petrochina,Kuerle 841000,China 2 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development,petrochina,Beijing 100083,China 3 Southwest Petroleum Institute,Nanchong 637001,China tarim Oilfield company PetroChina Kuerle China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development PetroChina Beijing China Southwest Petroleum Institute Nanchong China

Hetianhe gasfield in Bachu region of the tarim Basin is mainly composed of three reservoir-caprock assembly,namely regional caprock of upper mudstone,middle mudstone and lower mudstone of the Carboniferous and reservoir of Bachu bioclastic limestone,glutenite and the Ordovician carbonate buried *** gas in Hetianhe gasfield sourced from the Cambrian source *** is thought that gases in Ma4 well block in the east of Hetianhe gasfield are mainly crude-oil cracked gases,while those in Ma3 and Ma8 well blocks in the west are the mixture gases of kerogen cracked gases and crude-oil cracked *** gas is rich in H2S and accumulated in multiply stages as the result of *** accumulation history is divided into three stages,namely accumulation and breakage in the late Caledonian-early Hercynian,migration and dissipation in the late Hercynian and accumulation in Himalayan. The main accumulation of reformed gas reservoir is in Himalayan.

关键词： gas characteristics gas genesis accumulation history Hetianhe gasfield tarim Basin

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Calculation of depth to detachment and its significance in the Kuqa Depression:A discussion

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Petroleum Science 2009年第1期6卷 17-20页

作者： Li Shiqin Feng Lei Tang Pengcheng Rao Gang Bao Yahong Department of Earth Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China Research Institute of Exploration and Development Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Korla Xinjiang 840000 China Archives of tarim Oilfield company PetroChina Korla Xinjiang 840000 China

We analyze the excess area and depth to detachment method developed by Epard and Groshong （1993）, and apply it to the sand box model of Ge et al （2004） to illustrate that inadequate consideration will affect the calculation of true depth to detachment. Using the data of Yu et al （2006） to fit linear regression lines, we obtain the depths to detachment of Kela-2, Misikantage anticline and Dongqiu-8 structures, 115.74km, 14.17km, and 75.48km below the reference level （Cretaceous bottom） respectively with the excess area intercept equal to zero. However, the calculation results of depth to detachment in Yu et al （2006） are based on excess area intercept unequal to zero.

关键词： Excess area depth to detachment Kuqa Depression

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