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A Model of Hydrothermal Dolomite Reservoir Facies in Precambrian Dolomite, Central Sichuan Basin, SW China and its Geochemical Characteristics

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第1期93卷 130-145页

作者： GU Yifan ZHOU Lu JIANG Yuqiang JIANG Chan LUO Mingsheng ZHU Xun School of Geosciences & Technology Southwest Petroleum University Exploration Division PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company Shunan Division of petrochina southwest oil&gas field company Exploration and Development Institute of southwest oil&gas field company PetroChina

Hydrothermal mineral assemblages and related hydrothermally enhanced fracturing are common in the Precambrian Dengying Formation of Central Sichuan Basin. Petrographic and geochemical analyses of core samples show that the hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs of Dengying Formation consist of four main types of pores in the reservoir facies. These include: 1) hydrothermal dissolution vug(or pore), 2) intercrystalline pore, 3) residual inter-breccia vug(or pore), and 4) enlarged dissolved-fracture. There are three different fabrics dolomite in hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs, namely, saddle dolomite, fine-medium dolomite and micritic dolomite. Micritic dolomite is the original lithology of host rock. Saddle dolomite with curved or irregular crystal faces was directly crystallized from hydrothermal fluids(average temperature 192°C). Fine-medium dolomites are the products of recrystallization of micritic dolomite, resulting in abnormal geochemical characteristics, such as slight depletion of δ^(18)O, significant enrichment of Mn-Fe and ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr, and positive Eu anomaly. A model for the distribution of various hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies is proposed here, which incorporates three fundamental geological controls: 1) extensional tectonics and tectono-hydrothermal events(i.e., the Xingkai Taphrogenesis of Late Sinian-Early Cambrian, and Emei Taphrogenesis of Late Permian), 2) hydrothermal fluid storage in clastic rocks with large thickness(e.g., Nanhua System of Chengjiang Formation and part of Doushantuo Formation), and 3) confining bed for hydrothermal fluids(such as, the shale in Qiongzhusi Formation). The supply of hydrothermal fluid is critical. Large basement-rooted faults and associated grid-like fracture system may function as the channels for upward migration of hydrothermal fluid flow. The intersection of the above-mentioned faults(including the conversion fault), especially transtensional sags above negative flower structures on wrench faults can s

关键词： hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies geochemical characteristics Precambrian Dengying Formation central Sichuan Basin

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Basin-Scale Sand Deposition in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation of the Sichuan Basin, southwest China: Sedimentary Framework and Conceptual Model

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Journal of Earth Science 2013年第1期24卷 89-103页

作者：谭秀成夏青松陈景山李凌刘宏罗冰夏吉文杨家静 State Key Laboratory of oil and gas Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University School of Resource and Environment Southwest Petroleum University Research Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company Branch of Shunan gas field PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company

The Upper Triassic Xujiahe （须家河） Formation in the Sichuan （四川） Basin, southwest China is distinctive for the basin-scale sand deposition. This relatively rare sedimentary phenomenon has not been well interpreted. Here we addressed this issue by discussing sedimentary framework and conceptual model. Analysis of sedimentary setting implied that the basin received transgression during the deposition. It had multiple provenance supplies and river networks, as being surrounded by old- lands in multiple directions including the north, east and south. Thus, the basin was generally charac-terized by coastal and widely open and shallow lacustrine deposition during the Late Triassic Xujiahe period. This is similar to the modern well-known Poyang （鄱阳） Lake. Therefore, we investigated the framework and conceptual model of the Sichuan Basin during the Xujiahe period with an analogue to the Poyang Lake. Results show that the conceptual model of the deposition can be divided into transgressive and regressive stages. The first, third and fifth mem- bers of the formation are in transgressive stage and the deposits are dominated by shore and shallow lacustrine mud. In contrast, the deposition is mainly of braided river channel sand deposits during the regressive stage, mainly including the second, fourth and sixth members of the formation. The sand deposited in almost the entire basin because of the lateral migration and forward moving of the cross networks of the braided rivers. The multiple alternations of short and rapid transgression and relatively long regression are beneficial to the basin-scale sand deposition. Thus, the main channel of the braided river and its extensional areas are favorable for the development of hydrocarbon reservoir. This provides practical significance to the reservoir evaluation and exploration. In addition, the results also justify the relatively distinctive sedimentary phenomenon in the study area and may also have im- plications for understanding the

关键词： basin-scale sand deposition coastal and widely open lake sedimentary framework sedimentary conceptual model channel of braided river Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation Sichuan Basin.

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A Well Productivity Model for Multi-Layered Marine and Continental Transitional Reservoirs with Complex Fracture Networks

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第6期20卷 1313-1330页

作者： Huiyan Zhao Xuezhong Chen Zhijian Hu Man Chen Bo Xiong Jianying Yang Sichuan Changning Natural gas Development company Limited PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyYibin644399China Sichuan Shale gas Exploration and Development company Limited PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyNeijiang641100China New Energy Division PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyChengdu610051China

Using the typical characteristics of multi-layered marine and continental transitional gas reservoirs as a basis,a model is developed to predict the related well production *** model relies on the fractal theory of tortuous capillary bundles and can take into account multiple gas flow mechanisms at the micrometer and nanometer scales,as well as the flow characteristics in different types of thin layers(tight sandstone gas,shale gas,and coalbed gas).Moreover,a source-sink function concept and a pressure drop superposition principle are utilized to introduce a coupled flow model in the reservoir.A semi-analytical solution for the production rate is obtained using a matrix iteration method.A specific well is selected for fitting dynamic production data,and the calculation results show that the tight sandstone has the highest gas production per unit thickness compared with the other types of ***,desorption and diffusion of coalbed gas and shale gas can significantly contribute to gas production,and the daily production of these two gases decreases rapidly with decreasing reservoir ***,the gas production from fractures exhibits an approximately U-shaped distribution,indicating the need to optimize the spacing between clusters during hydraulic fracturing to reduce the area of overlapping fracture *** coal matrix water saturation significantly affects the coalbed gas production,with higher water saturation leading to lower production.

关键词： Marine-continental transitional reservoir multi-layered reservoir seepage mechanisms apparent permeability hydraulic horizontal well productivity model

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Hydrocarbon accumulation and key exploration & development technologies of Changning-Weiyuan marine shale gas field, southern Sichuan

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Petroleum Research 2021年第1期6卷 1-15页

作者： Xiao He Jianfa Wu Rui Yong Shengxian Zhao petrochina southwest oil&gas field company Chengdu610051China

China is rich in shale gas resources and has broad prospects for development. However, the quality ofshale gas resources in China is different from that in the United States, so independent unique technologies are urgently required in China. In this regard, petrochina has carried out theoretical andtechnical researches systematically on shale gas in Longmaxi Formation in southern Sichuan according toits geology-engineering characteristics. Guided by the “three-control” theory for marine shale gasenrichment and high yield (i.e. sedimentary diagenesis controls reservoir, preservation conditions control accumulation, and continuous thickness of Type I reservoir controls production), six key explorationand development technologies in southern China have been innovatively developed for marine shale gaswhich experienced multi-stage tectonic evolution. The technologies include comprehensive geologicalevaluation technology, development optimization technology, optimal and fast drilling technology forhorizontal well, volume fracturing technology for horizontal well, factory-like operation technology, andefficient clean production technology. These technologies have enabled the large-scale commercial recovery of shale gas. By the end of 2019, petrochina had obtained proved geological reserves of1.06 1012 m3, had built production capacity of 10 109 m3, and had cumulative gas production of20 109 m3 in southern Sichuan. The remarkable results of application are of great significance forvigorously developing shale gas industry to reduce external dependence, ensure national energy security,and realize the strategy of "ecological priority and green development".

关键词： Shale gas Exploration and development Hydrocarbon accumulation condition Horizontal well Optimization Fracturing Changning-weiyuan area Southern sichuan

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Evaluation of Well Spacing for Primary Development of Fractured Horizontal Wells in Tight Sandstone gas Reservoirs

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第5期20卷 1015-1030页

作者： Fang Li Juan Wu Haiyong Yi Lihong Wu Lingyun Du Yuan Zeng Exploration and Development Research Institute PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanyChengdu610041China oil and gas Resources Department PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanyChengdu610000China

Methods for horizontal well spacing calculation in tight gas reservoirs are still adversely affected by the complexity of related control factors,such as strong reservoir heterogeneity and seepage *** this study,the stress sensitivity and threshold pressure gradient of various types of reservoirs are quantitatively evaluated through reservoir seepage *** the basis of these experiments,a numerical simulation model(based on the special seepage mechanism)and an inverse dynamic reserve algorithm(with different equivalent drainage areas)were *** well spacing ranges of Classes I,II,and III wells in the Q gas field are determined to be 802–1,000,600–662,and 285–400 m,respectively,with their average ranges as 901,631,and 342.5 m,*** considering both the pairs of parallel well groups and series well groups as examples,the reliability of the calculation results is *** is shown that the combination of the two models can reduce errors and provide accurate results.

关键词： Well spacing for primary development tight gas reservoir fractured horizontal well threshold pressure gradient stress sensitivity

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Synergistic action of erosion-corrosion on L360N in different condensate oil-contained NaCl solutions

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第11期31卷 2864-2878页

作者： Yan-ran Wang Hai-feng Liu Hong-fa Huang Xiao-xiong Guo Lin-cai Peng Chang-hui Zhang petrochina southwest oil and gasfield company Research Institute of Natural Gas TechnologyChengdu610213SichuanChina petrochina southwest oil and gasfield company Chengdu610051SichuanChina Central Sichuan District Oil and Gas Petrochina Southwest Oil and Gasfield CompanySuining629000SichuanChina

The experiments studying on the components of pure erosion, pure corrosion and their synergism were performed in multiphase systems containing sand particles, NaCl solution and condensate oil. The influence of condensate oil content on damage degree for each component was investigated by designing four different levels (0, 5, 10 and 20 vol.%). The mechanism about erosion-corrosion was analyzed by measurements of thinning rate, electrochemical experiments, scanning electron morphology and white light interferometer. The results showed that the presence of condensate oil enhanced mechanical damage of L360N pipeline steel because of the increase in viscosity. The erosion-corrosion and pure erosion were significantly accelerated with the increase in condensate oil content. However, the condensate oil content had basically no effect on pure corrosion, and the thinning rate for it was much lower than that for pure erosion. Therefore, the pure erosion component dominated the erosion-corrosion damage in such multiphase systems.

关键词： Condensate oil Erosion-corrosion Synergistic action Rotating-disk erosion L360N pipeline steel

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Lower limits of evaluation parameters for the lower Paleozoic Longmaxi shale gas in southern Sichuan Province

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Science China Earth Sciences 2013年第5期56卷 710-717页

作者： LI YanJun LIU Huan ZHANG LieHui LU ZongGang LI QiRong HUANG YongBin State Key Laboratory of oil and gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Department of Resources and Environment Southwest Petroleum University South Sichuan gas field of southwest oil and gas company PetroChina

Here we present six key parameters that have been applied to evaluate the Silurian Longmaxi shale gas accumulations of southern Sichuan *** parameters include richness of organic matter,single layer shale thickness,burial depth of the shale,maturity,shale properties,and brittle mineral *** combination with drilling data,the lower limits of these six parameters for marine shale gas have been evaluated and the following conclusions are drawn:(1)Organic carbon recovery, gas content inversion,and production tests have been applied for the first time to measure the lower limit of TOC,which is determined to be 1.0%.(2)Based on the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion theory for source rocks and the characteristics of Longmaxi shale,the lower limit of the single-layer thickness is estimated to be 30 m,of which a thickness of at least 15 m should contain high-quality shale.(3)Based on the correlation of TOC and porosity,the lower limit of gas-filled porosity is 1.2%.(4)Other parameters,such as maturity,burial depth,and brittle mineral content have also been studied with regard to the geologic conditions of southern *** on the study results,an evaluation index system has been established for highly evolved marine shale gas,and the system has been applied successfully to geologically screened shale gas occurrences in southern Sichuan Province.

关键词： shale gas lower limit evaluation system Longmaxi Formation southern Sichuan Province

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Evaluation and Application of Flowback Effect in Deep Shale gas Wells

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第10期20卷 2301-2321页

作者： Sha Liu Jianfa Wu Xuefeng Yang Weiyang Xie Cheng Chang Shale gas Research Institute PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas field CompanyChengdu610051China

The pivotal areas for the extensive and effective exploitation of shale gas in the Southern Sichuan Basin have recently transitioned from mid-deep layers to deep *** challenges such as intricate data analysis,absence of effective assessment methodologies,real-time control strategies,and scarce knowledge of the factors influencing deep gas wells in the so-called flowback stage,a comprehensive study was undertaken on over 160 deep gas wells in Luzhou block utilizing linear flow models and advanced big data analytics *** research results show that:(1)The flowback stage of a deep gas well presents the characteristics of late gas channeling,high flowback rate after gas channeling,low 30-day flowback rate,and high flowback rate corresponding to peak production;(2)The comprehensive parameter AcmKm1/2 in the flowback stage exhibits a strong correlation with the Estimated Ultimate Recovery(EUR),allowing for the establishment of a standardized chart to evaluate EUR classification in typical shale gas wells during this *** enables quantitative assessment of gas well EUR,providing valuable insights into production potential and performance;(3)The spacing range and the initial productivity of gas wells have a significant impact on the overall effectiveness of gas ***,it is crucial to further explore rational well patterns and spacing,as well as optimize initial drainage and production technical strategies in order to improve their performance.

关键词： Deep shale gas flowback characteristic EUR forecast effect evaluation main controlling factors

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Characteristics and genesis of shoal facies reservoir of the Lower Ordovician Tongzi Formation in southeastern Sichuan Basin,China

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Petroleum 2024年第3期10卷 427-439页

作者： Ruiqing Tao Hao Tang Wei Yan Yading Li Qianwen Mo Ling Li Li Zhou Tao Ma Jinbiao An Guoliang Xiao Xiucheng Tan southwest Petroleum University Division of Key Laboratory of Carbonate ReservoirsCNPCChengdu610500China Research Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyChengdu610051China Exploration Division PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyChengdu610051China College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102200China Chuanzhong oil and gas Geological Research Institute PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanySuining629000China

The Lower Ordovician Tongzi Formation containing abundant shoal sediments is the most promising stratum for the petroleum exploration in the Sichuan ***,the current studies mainly focus on the central part of the Basin,the systematic analysis of the southeastern part with well-developed shoal facies is *** paper aims to clarify the characteristics and genesis of the Tongzi Formation reservoir in Southeastern Sichuan Basin,following an analysis of sedimentary facies within the sequence stratigraphic *** research shows that the main types of reservoir rocks are oolitic,intraclastic and bioclastic *** the reservoir spaces consist mainly of intergranular(dissolved)pores,intercrystalline(dissolved)pores,intragranular dissolved pores and *** them,intergranular pores account for the highest proportion,which is followed by intragranular dissolved *** addition,most throats are necking and flaky which mainly connect intergranular and intercrystalline pores,*** diagenetic sequence shows that penecontemporaneous karst well improved the porosity of the reservoir in the early-stage although the cementation and compaction reduced parts of *** reservoir formation is associated with the tectonic-depositional settings,diageneses and terrigenous *** and submerged uplifts,forming in the early Ordovician amalgamation between Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks,accumulated shoal sediments as the material basis for the reservoir *** karst forming intragranular dissolved pores and the dolomitization aiding grainstones to resist the pressure solution are the key to increasing porosity and preserving *** absence of terrigenous contamination prevented intergranular pores from being strongly cemented,which resulted in the reservoir difference between the central and southeastern Sichuan *** study can be used as a reference for the further exploration of Ordovician

关键词： Reservoir characteristics Reservoir genesis Tongzi formation Lower ordovician Southeastern Sichuan Basin

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Facies-controlled prediction of dolomite reservoirs in the Middle Permian Qixia Formation in Shuangyushi,northwestern Sichuan Basin

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第2期5卷 21-30页

作者： Chao Zheng Benjian Zhang Rongrong Li Hong Yin Yufeng Wang Xin Hu Xiao Chen Ran Liu Qi Zeng Zhiyun Sun Rui Zhang Xingyu Zhang Weidong Yin Kun Zhang Exploration and Development Research Institute PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanyChengduSichuan610500China Northwest Sichuan gas Branch PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanyJiangyouSichuan621709China petrochina southwest oil&gas field company ChengduSichuan610500China School of Geosciences and Technology Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengduSichuan610500China

The Middle Permian Qixia Formation in the Shuangyushi area,northwestern Sichuan Basin,develops shoal-facies dolomite *** pinpoint promising reservoirs in the Qixia Formation,deep thin shoal-facies dolomite reservoirs were predicted using the techniques of pre-stack Kirchhoff-Q compensation for absorption,inverse Q filtering,low-to high-frequency compensation,forward modeling,and facies-controlled seismic meme *** results are obtained in six ***,the dolomite reservoirs mainly exist in the middle and lower parts of the second member of Qixia Formation(Qi2 Member),which coincide with the zones shoal cores are ***,the forward modeling shows that the trough energy at the top and bottom of shoal core increases with increasing shoal-core thickness,and weak peak reflections are associated in the middle of shoal ***,five types of seismic waveform are identified through waveform analysis of seismic ***-Ⅰ and Type-Ⅱ waveforms correspond to promising facies(shoal core microfacies).Fourth,vertically,two packages of thin dolomite reservoirs turn up in the sedimentary cycle of intraplatform shoal in the Qi2 Member,and the lower package is superior to the upper package in dolomite thickness,scale and lateral ***,in plane,significantly controlled by sedimentary facies,dolomite reservoirs laterally distribute with consistent thickness in shoal cores at topographical highs and extend toward the ***,the promising prospects are the zones with thick dolomite reservoirs and superimposition of horstegraben structural traps.

关键词： Reservoir prediction Seismic facies Shoal-facies dolomite Qixia formation Shuangyushi Sichuan basin

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