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Factors controlling the formation and evolution of source rocks in the Shahezi Formation,Xujiaweizi fault depression,Songliao Basin

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Energy Geoscience 2023年第2期4卷 1-16页

作者： Xiang Zhou Lidong Sun exploration and production Research Institute PetroChina Daqing Oilfield CompanyDaqingHeilongjiang163712China

The types and quality of source rocks in the Shahezi Formation are the key factors affecting the distributions of various deep gas reservoirs in the Xujiaweizi fault depression in Songliao *** clarify the quality differences and origins of different types of source rocks in the Shahezi Formation,this study reconstructed the sedimentary and water environment,determined the controlling effects of fault activity,sedimentary facies,and paleo-sedimentary environment on the quality of various source rocks,by making full use of seismic,logging,core,organic geochemical and element geochemical *** results show that two types of source rocks developed in the Shahezi Formation,namely,mudstones and *** mudstones have a relatively high abundance of organic matter,which consists of type-Ⅱ kerogen and partial type-Ⅲ kerogen,and are concentrated in Sha-I *** coals have a high abundance of organic matter,which consist of type-Ⅲ kerogen,and are mainly distributed in Sha-Ⅱ *** the deposition of Sha-I Member,intense fault activity formed arrow,deep-water lacustrine basins with high salinity and strong reducibility on the downthrow sides of *** the deposition of Sha-II Member,fault activity progressively weakened,and the areas of lacustrine basins enlarged to their maximum values and became wide,shallow-water basins with low salinity and low *** development of source rocks was controlled by fault activity,sedimentary facies,and paleo-sedimentary *** activity formed accommodation space on the downthrown sides of faults for mudstone accumulation,thus determining mudstone *** sedimentary environment controlled the organic matter input and determined the distribution of mudstones and *** paleo-sedimentary environment,which consisted of paleo-salinity,as well as paleo-water depth and redox conditions,affected the accumulation and preservation of organic matter and is the main controlling factor for the

关键词： Fault Paleo-environment evolution Source rock Deep gas reservoirs Shahezi Formation Xujiaweizi fault depression

Re-Examination of the Oil and Gas Origins in the Kekeya Gas Condensate Field,Northwest China——A Case Study of Hydrocarbon-Source Correlation Using Sophisticated Geochemical Methods

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第1期91卷 186-203页

作者： GONG Deyu WANG Zhaoyun LIU Gang CHEN Gang FANG Chenchen XIAO Zhongyao Research Institute of Petroleum exploration and Development PetroChina Tarim Oilfield company PetroChina

This work discussed the origins, alteration and accumulation processes of the oil and gas in the Kekeya gas condensate field based on molecular compositions, stable carbon isotopes, light hydrocarbons, diamondoid hydrocarbons and biomarker fingerprints. A comparison study is also made between the geochemical characteristics of the Kekeya hydrocarbons and typical marine and terrigenous hydrocarbons of the Tarim Basin. Natural gas from the Kekeya gas condensate field is derived from Middle–Lower Jurassic coal measures while the condensates are derived from Carboniferous–Permian marine source rocks with a higher maturity. In the study area, both natural gas and condensates have experienced severe water washing. A large amount of methane was dissolved into the water, resulting in a decrease in the dryness coefficient. Water washing also makes the carbon isotopic compositions of the natural gas more negative and partially reverse. Considering that the gas maturities are higher than once expected, gas generation intensity in the study area should be much stronger and the gas related to the Jurassic coal measures could promise a greater prospecting potential. As a result of evaporative fractionation, the Kekeya condensates are enriched in saturates and lack aromatics. Evaporative fractionation disguises the original terrigenous characteristics of the light hydrocarbons associated with the natural gas, making it appear marinesourced. Thus, alteration processes should be fully taken into consideration when gas–source correlations are carried out based on light hydrocarbons. With the condensates discovered in the study area all being ＂migration phase＂, the pre-salt Cretaceous and Jurassic reservoirs may promise great exploration potential for the ＂residual phase＂ hydrocarbons. This research not only is of significance for oil and gas exploration in the southwest Tarim Basin, but also sheds light on the oil/gas-source correlations in general.

关键词： Kekeya gas condensate field evaporative fractionation water washing coal-derived gas marine condensates stable carbon isotopes diamondoid hydrocarbons

Geological features and hydrocarbon accumulation in the Xinken oil field,Tarim Basin

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2013年第4期32卷 367-379页

作者： SONG Lichen ZHU Guangyou LIU Xingwang ZHU Yongfeng SU Jin WANG Kai Research Institute of Petroleum exploration and Development PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum exploration and Development Tarim Oilfield CompanyPetroChina

Recently,a large-scale Ordovician oil and gas pool has been discovered in Xinken,north of the Tarim Basin,and it has strongly heterogeneous reservoirs and complicated fluid *** analyzing oil,gas and water samples collected from this area,in combination of field production and testing data,this study reveals that the Xinken oil pool contains dominantly normal oil characterized by low viscosity,low sulphur,and high *** has a low content of natural gas,which presents typical characteristics of wet gas and is oil-associated ***-gas correlation shows that the oil was from the Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks and the charge and accumulation of oil and gas took place in the Late Hercynian *** by paleogeomorphology,sedimentary facies,ancient karstification,faults,and other factors in the Caledonian Period,the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs are dominated by dissolved pores,cavities and *** reservoir body of fractures and cavities is distributed in the shape of strip and laminate along faults and excellent reservoirs are mostly in the range of 70–100 m below the top of the Yijianfang *** a whole,the Xinken oil pool is a fracture-cavity pool controlled by interbedded karst reservoirs and is a complex composed of stacked karst fractures and cavities of various *** contains oil in large areas horizontally,which is quasi-laminated in distribution,and the accumulation of oil and gas is controlled by the distribution and development degree of the Ordovician carbonate *** study shows that this area has abundant resources and a great exploration potential for oil and gas.

关键词：塔里木盆地北部油气成藏地质特征碳酸盐岩储层石油伴生气油田储层控制非均质储层

From molecular dynamics to lattice Boltzmann:a new approach for pore-scale modeling of multi-phase flow

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Petroleum Science 2015年第2期12卷 282-292页

作者： Xuan Liu Yong-Feng Zhu Bin Gong Jia-Peng Yu Shi-Ti Cui College of Engineering Peking University Sinopec Petroleum exploration and production Research Institute petrochina Tarim Oilfield exploration and production Research Institute

Most current lattice Boltzmann （LBM） models suffer from the deficiency that their parameters have to be obtained by fitting experimental results. In this paper, we propose a new method that integrates the molecular dynamics （MD） simulation and LBM to avoid such defect. The basic idea is to first construct a molecular model based on the actual components of the rock-fluid system, then to compute the interaction force between the rock and the fluid of different densities through the MD simulation. This calculated rock-fluid interaction force, combined with the fluid-fluid force determined from the equation of state, is then used in LBM modeling. Without parameter fitting, this study presents a new systematic approach for pore-scale modeling of multi-phase flow. We have validated this ap- proach by simulating a two-phase separation process and gas-liquid-solid three-phase contact angle. Based on an actual X-ray CT image of a reservoir core, we applied our workflow to calculate the absolute permeability of the core, vapor-liquid H20 relative permeability, and capillary pressure curves.

关键词： Molecular dynamics - Lattice BoltzmannMulti-phase flow Core simulation

Formation conditions and reservoir-forming models of the Ordovician buried hill reservoirs in the Jizhong depression

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地学前缘 2023年第1期30卷 229-241页

作者： ZHANG Ruifeng TIAN Jianzhang HUANG Yuanxin TIAN Ran REN Yi BIAN Yingying WANG Yuanjie CHEN Ling LU Shan petrochina Huabei Oilfield company Renqiu 062552China exploration and Development Research Institute of petrochina Huabei Oilfield company Renqiu 062552China

The buried hill in the Jizhong depression contains abundant petroleum reserves and are important production *** Ordovician buried hill has restricted the discovery of new oil and gas exploration targets because of its strong reservoir heterogeneity and complex reservoir-controlling *** on a large volume of core,thin section,logging,seismic,and geochemical data and numerous geological analyses,the reservoir-forming conditions and modes were systematically analyzed to guide the exploration and achieve important breakthroughs in the Yangshuiwu and Wen an slope buried *** study revealed that three sets of source rocks of the third and fourth members of the Shahejie Formation from the Paleogene and Carboniferous-Permian were developed in the Jizhong depression,providing sufficient material basis for the formation of buried hill oil and gas *** reservoir control mechanism involving the three major factors of“cloud-karst-fault”was clarified,and karst cave,fracture fissure-pore,and cloud pore type reservoir models were established,thereby expanding the exploration *** by the superposition of multi-stage tectonic processes during the Indosinian,Yanshanian,and Himalayan,two genetic buried hill trap types of uplift-depression and depression-uplift were *** on the analysis of reservoir-forming factors of the Ordovician buried hill,three buried hill oil and gas reservoir-forming models were identified:low-level tectonic-lithologic composite quasi-layered buried hill,medium-level paleo-storage paleo-block buried hill,and high-level paleo-storage new-block buried *** evaluations indicate that the reservoir-forming conditions of the low-level tectonic-lithologic composite quasi-layered buried hill in the northern portion of the Jizhong depression are the most favorable and that the Sicundian and Xinzhen buried hills are favorable areas for future exploration.

关键词： Jizhong depression Yangshuiwu Ordovician reservoir type reservoir model

Reservoir Characteristics of Fine-grained Sedimentary Rocks in Saline Lakes in the Cenozoic Upper Ganchaigou Formation,Southwestern Qaidam Basin,NW China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第3期96卷 1070-1081页

作者： SHENG Jun LIU Jincheng LI Yunlong ZOU Haiyan LONG Anlin WANG Lin LI Jiyong QI Qingshan YANG Xiaojing LI Yanan exploration&Development Research Institute of petrochina Qinghai Oilfield company DunhuangGansu 736200China No.2 Oil production Plant of petrochina Qinghai Oilfield company DunhuangGansu 736200China No.1 Oil production Plant of petrochina Qinghai Oilfield company DunhuangGansu 736200China

Cenozoic fine-grained sedimentary rocks in the southwestern Qaidam Basin,as typical salinized lacustrine sediments,are significantly different from those in other freshwater lakes under the impact of the high salinity in the *** fine-grained sedimentary rock samples were selected from the lower member of Neogene(N_(1))in the Gaskule Oilfield,Qaidam Basin,northwest China,with the aim to analyze and test their petrology,pore structure,and organic geochemical characteristics and determine its genesis and geological *** on previous results,a new genesis of mixed sedimentary rocks is *** Cenozoic lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks in SW Qaidam Basin belong to mixed sedimentary rocks,which can be divided into three types,including carbonate and terrigenous clastic-bearing mudstone,carbonate-bearing to terrigenous clastic mixed sedimentary rocks,and carbonate-terrigenous clastic mixed sedimentary *** geneses of mixing are quite different from that of mixed marine *** to the sedimentary characteristics of the salinized lakes,three new geneses of mixed deposits are proposed:syn-sedimentary mixing,varve interbedded mixing,and biogenic *** reservoir spaces of the Cenozoic lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks in SW Qaidam Basin include residual intergranular pores,intercrystalline pores,microfractures,and minor dissolved *** reservoirs have super-low porosity and ultra-low permeability,with a porosity of 1.82%-21.04%,averaging 7.71%,and permeability of(0.0028-254.86)×10^(−3)μm^(2),averaging 2.82×10^(−3)μm^(2).The test results of total organic carbon(TOC)content show that the highest content of organic carbon reached 1.41%,and those of vitrinite reflectance show that Ro ranges from 0.525%-0.824%,with an average of 0.806%.The organic geochemical characteristics show that the fine-grained mixed sedimentary rocks of SW Qaidam Basin have the potential for self-generation and *** an unconventional re

关键词： energy resources unconventional reservoir sedimentary petrology organic geochemistry salinization lacustrine sediments Neogene

Characteristics and accumulation mode of large-scale Sinian-Cambrian gas reservoirs in the Gaoshiti-Moxi region, Sichuan Basin

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Petroleum Research 2016年第2期1卷 164-177页

作者： Guoqi Wei Jinhu Du Chunchun Xu Caineng Zou Wei Yang Ping Shen Zengye Xie Jian Zhang Langfang Branch PetroChina Research Institute of Exploration and DevelopmentCNPC Key Laboratory of Gas Reservoir Formation and DevelopmentLangfang 065007China petrochina exploration&production company Beijing 100007China petrochina Southwest Oil and Gas Field company Chengdu 610051China petrochina Research Institute of Petroleum exploration and Development Beijing 100083China

The Sinian-Cambrian formations of the Sichuan Basin have favorable hydrocarbon accumulation conditions,but the exploration for large-scale gas fields is quite challenging due to old strata and multiple tectonic *** the Weiyuan Sinian large gas field was found in 1964,the largest monoblock gas field(Anyue Gasfield)was discovered in the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation of the Moxi region in 2013 with proven gas reserves of 440.1×109 *** proven,probable and possible reserves exceed one trillion cubic meters in the Sinian Dengying Formation and the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation of the Gaoshiti-Moxi *** natural gas components,light hydrocarbons,reservoir bitumen abundance and other evidences prove that the dry natural gas was mainly derived from oil-cracking,with methane(a content of 82.65%-97.35%),ethane(a content of 0.01%-0.29%),nitrogen(a content of 0.44%-6.13%),helium(a content of 0.01%-0.06%),and hydrogen sulphide(0.62-61.11 g/m^(3)).Gas reservoir pressure increases gradually from the Sinian normal pressure(a pressure coefficient of 1.07-1.13)to high pressure(a pressure coefficient of 1.53-1.70)in the Cambrian Longwangmiao *** temperature of the gas reservoir is 137.5-163 ℃.Gas reservoir traps are divided into three categories:tectonic type,tectonic-formation type and tectonic-lithologic *** large-scale enrichment of the Sinian-Cambrian natural gas results from effective configuration of the large stable inherited palaeo-uplift during the Tongwan tectonic movement,wide distribution of ancient source rocks,high-quality reservoirs with vast pore-cavity,crude oil cracking of large palaeo-reservoirs and favorable preservation *** to the palaeo-structure pattern prior to crude oil cracking of the palaeo-reservoirs,and bitumen abundance as well as the distribution characteristics of current gas reservoirs,the accumulation patterns of the cracking gas reservoir can be classified into three types:accumulation type,sem

关键词： palaeo-uplift large gas field crude oil cracking gas accumulation mode Gaoshiti-Moxi Sichuan Basin

Genetic model of hanging wall syncline and central dome in extensional fault

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Science China Earth Sciences 2002年第5期45卷 440-448页

作者：刘德来丁贵明鲁兵 1. exploration and production company PetroChina Company Limited 100011 Beijing China 2. Institute of Geology State Seismological Bureau 100029 Beijing China

Hanging wall syncline and central dome are special extension structures, developing over the hanging wall in an extensional ramp-flat fault. Under the condition that the flat is sub-horizontal, the hanging wall syncline is separated from the half graben by the central dome. And on the dome forms an erosional surface. Both sediments in the half graben and erosional surface on the top of the central dome extended over the dome and entered into the hanging wall syncline with extension going on. Meanwhile, those having entered were overlapped by new sedimentary layers in the hanging wall syncline, so that there is a together-threaded, diachronic unconformity to form in the same epoch stratum. The layers in the hanging wall syncline also have an attribute of migrating laterally and getting tilted with extension. There is no sedimentation on the central dome. But sediments, which came from the half graben, got thicker over the dome in extension.

关键词： hanging wall syncline, central dome, extensional ramp-flat fault, extensional basin, Yilan-Yitong Graben.

Heavy Oil and Oil Sands:Global Distribution and Resource Assessment

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第1期93卷 199-212页

作者： LIU Zuodong WANG Hongjun Graham BLACKBOURN MA Feng HE Zhengjun WEN Zhixing WANG Zhaoming YANG Zi LUAN Tiansi WU Zhenzhen petrochina Research Institute of Petroleum exploration & Development Blackbourn Geoconsulting company

Global recoverable resources of heavy oil and oil sands have been assessed by CNPC using a geology-based assessment method combined with the traditional volumetric method, spatial interpolation method, parametric-probability method etc. The most favourable areas for exploration have been selected in accordance with a comprehensive scoring system. The results show:(1) For geological resources, CNPC estimate 991.18 billion tonnes of heavy oil and 501.26 billion tonnes of oil sands globally, of which technically recoverable resources of heavy oil and oil sands comprise 126.74 billion tonnes and 64.13 billion tonnes respectively. More than 80% of the resources occur within Tertiary and Cretaceous reservoirs distributed across 69 heavy oil basins and 32 oil sands basins. 99% of recoverable resources of heavy oil and oil sands occur within foreland basins, passive continental-margin basins and cratonic basins.(2) Since residual hydrocarbon resources remain following large-scale hydrocarbon migration and destruction, heavy oil and oil sands are characterized most commonly by late hydrocarbon accumulation, the same basin types and source-reservoir conditions as for conventional hydrocarbon resources, shallow burial depth and stratabound reservoirs.(3) Three accumulation models are recognised, depending on basin type: degradation along slope; destruction by uplift; and migration along faults.(4) In addition to mature exploration regions such as Canada and Venezuela, the Volga-Ural Basin and the Pre-Caspian Basin are less well-explored and have good potential for oil-sand discoveries, and it is predicted that the Middle East will be an important region for heavy oil development.

关键词： heavy oil oil sands residual hydrocarbons global resource assessment