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Characteristics of proppant transport and placement within rough hydraulic fractures

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2024年第2期51卷 453-463页

作者： HUANG Hai ZHENG Yong WANG Yi WANG Haizhu NI Jun WANG Bin YANG Bing ZHANG Wentong School of Petroleum Engineering Xi’an Shiyou UniversityXi’an 710065China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Carbon Dioxide Sequestration and Enhanced Oil Reco.ery Xi’an 710075China Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Well and Reservoir Seepage and Rock Mechanics Xi’an 710065China Oil&Gas Field Production co.struction Division PetroChina Tarim Oilfield CompanyKorla 841000China National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum(Group)co. Ltd.Xi’an 710075China

A three-dimensional reco.struction of rough fracture surfaces of hydraulically fractured rock outcrops is carried out by casting process,a large-scale experimental setup for visualizing rough fractures is built to perform proppant transport *** typical characteristics of proppant transport and placement in rough fractures and its intrinsic mechanisms are investigated,and the influences of fracture inclination,fracture width and fracturing fluid visco.ity on proppant transport and placement in rough fractures are *** results show that the rough fractures cause variations in the shape of the flow channel and the fluid flow pattern,resulting in the bridging buildup during proppant transport to form unfilled zone,the emergence of multiple co.plex flow patterns such as channeling,reverse flow and bypassing of sand-carrying fluid,and the influence on the stability of the sand *** proppant has a higher placement rate in inclined rough fractures,with a maximum increase of 22.16 percentage points in the experiments co.pared to vertical fractures,but exhibits poor stability of the sand *** fracture width aggravates the bridging of proppant and induces higher pumping *** the visco.ity of the fracturing fluid can weaken the proppant bridging phenomenon caused by the rough fractures.

关键词： reservoir fracturing rough fracture proppant transport and placement characteristics bridging buildup

Genesis and Accumulation of Paleo-Oil Reservoir in Dabei Area,Kuqa Depression,Northwest China:Implications for Tight-Gas Accumulation

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第2期35卷 655-665页

作者： Fujie Jiang Xiao Chen Pengwei Wang Xinghe Shao Haijun Yang State Energy Center for Shale Oil Research and Development Beijing102206China National Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Resources and Engineering Beijing102249China co.lege of Geosciences China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China CNOOC International ltd. Beijing100027China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Production SINOPECBeijing100083China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Tarim OilfieldPetroChinaKorla841000China

Paleo-oil reservoir is of great importance to understand hydrocarbon enrichment mechanism and hydrocarbon exploration potential,but is yet poorly investigated in Kuqa *** occurrence of the paleo-oil reservoir in Dabei area was proved by quantitative grain fluorescence(QGF)and fluid inclusion *** history of the paleo-oil reservoir was reco.structed through:(1)oil-source co.relation;(2)time co.pling of source rock maturation,porosity evolution and migration *** impact of paleo-oil reservoir on tight-gas accumulation was co.sequently *** suggest that co.siderable oil was accumulated in the K_(1)bs reservoir with paleo oil-water co.tact in Dabei 2 Well and Dabei 201 Well at 5800 and 6040 m,*** oil was primarily sourced from Triassic source rocks with Jurassic source rocks of seco.dary importance,which was at oil generation window(0.7%–1.1%Ro)during 9–6 and 7.5–5 Ma,*** occurrence of K_(1)bs tight reservoir(porosity<12%)was about 25 Ma,while faults and associated fractures at Kelasue structural belt were developed approximately from 8 to 3.5 ***,the tight oil accumulation was formed during 8–5 *** paleo-oil reservoir in Dabei 1 gas field was destroyed by the evaporation fractionation in later stage.

关键词： Paleo-oil reservoir Dabei area Kuqa Depression Northwest China petroleum geology

Effect of proppant sizes and injection modes on proppant transportation and distribution in the tortuous fracture model

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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 261-280页

作者： Jun Li Xu Han Siyuan He Mingyi Wu Xin Huang Nianyin Li State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China Chongqing Industry Polytechnic co.lege Chongqing401120China Sichuan Particles Energy and Technology co. LtdChengdu611630China Engineering Technology Research Institute of petrochina Southwest Oil and Gas Field co.pany Chengdu610017China

Particle-fluid transport and placement mechanism in tortuous fracture played a crucial role in unco.-ventional ***,most studies focused on mono-size proppant with fluid transport pro-cesses in tortuous ***,the mixture-size proppant with fluid movement mechanism in tortuous fracture was still ***,this study designed and applied a series of experiments with a physical analog model of a tortuous fracture with 120°and 90°-angled bends and co.bined high-speed camera-based *** experimental system was used to track different-mixture-sized proppant particle motion trajectories for a series of proppant injection schemes;The following co.clu-sions were drawn from this study:*** pile-up processes mechanism in all investigated schemes were similar and co.ld be reduced to four main *** packing structure at both sides of the fracture wall had different variation rates,which were co.trolled by the mix ratio(change from 1∶1-1∶5)of proppant *** new packing patterns,such as Zebra Stripe,had occurred,co.trolled by the different proppant injection ***-sized mono-proppant(30/50 mesh)had the highest transport efficiency in the tortuous fracture,followed by the mixed-sized multi-proppant(10/20 mesh:30/50 mesh),large-sized proppant(10/20 mesh)was the *** optimized alternating in-jection mode was reco.mended as injecting small-sized proppant first(30/50 mesh)and followed by mixed-sized multi-proppant(10/20 mesh:30/50 mesh),which co.ld co.tribute to obtaining the optimal both proppant packing height and travel distance in tortuous *** co.relations were devel-oped for predicting the proppant packing height and transportation distance.

关键词： Tortuous fracture model Mixed-sized proppant Multi-sized proppant injection mode Proppant motion and distribution Packing mechanism

Electrical structure identification of deep shale gas reservoir in co.plex structural area using wide field electromagnetic method

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Applied Geophysics 2024年第3期21卷 564-578,619,620页

作者： Gu Zhi-Wen Li Yue-Gang Yu Chang-Heng Zou Zhong-Ping Hu Ai-Guo Yin Xue-Bo Wang Qinag Ye Heng Tan Zhang-Kun Sichuan Natural Resources Investment Group Geophysical Exploration Institute co. LtdSi Chuan Cheng Du 610072 petrochina Southwest Oil and Gas Field co.pany Si Chuan Cheng Du 610056 Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute of Sinopec North China Oil and Gas co.pany Zheng Zhou 450007

To fully exploit the technical advantages of the large-depth and high-precision artificial source electromagnetic method in the co.plex structure area of southern Sichuan and co.pensate for the shortco.ings of the co.ventional electromagnetic method in exploration depth,precision,and accuracy,the large-depth and high-precision wide field electromagnetic method is applied to the co.plex structure test area of the Luochang syncline and Yuhe nose anticline in the southern *** advantages of the wide field electromagnetic method in detecting deep,low-resistivity thin layers are ***,on the basis of the analysis of physical property data,a geological–geoelectric model is established in the test area,and the wide field electromagnetic method is numerically simulated to analyze and evaluate the response characteristics of deep thin shale gas layers on wide field electromagnetic ***,a wide field electromagnetic test is co.ducted in the co.plex structure area of southern *** data processing and inversion imaging,apparent resistivity logging data are used for calibration to develop an apparent resistivity interpretation model suitable for the test *** the basis of the results,the characteristics of the electrical structure change in the shallow longitudinal formation of 6 km are implemented,and the transverse electrical distribution characteristics of the deep shale gas layer are *** the prediction area near the well,the subsequent data verification shows that the apparent resistivity obtained using the inversion of the wide field electromagnetic method is co.sistent with the trend of apparent resistivity revealed by logging,which proves that this method can effectively identify the weak response characteristics of deep shale gas formations in co.plex structural *** experiment,it is shown shows that the wide field electromagnetic method with a large depth and high precision can effectively characterize the electric

关键词： co.plex tectonic area in southern Sichuan wide field electromagnetic method deep exploration shale gas reservoir electrical structure

Multi-surrogate framework with an adaptive selection mechanism for production optimization

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 366-383页

作者： Jia-Lin Wang Li-Ming Zhang Kai Zhang Jian Wang Jian-Ping Zhou Wen-Feng Peng Fa-Liang Yin Chao Zhong Xia Yan Pi-Yang Liu Hua-Qing Zhang Yong-Fei Yang Hai Sun School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580ShandongChina Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao266580ShandongChina co.lege of Science China University of PetroleumQingdao266580ShandongChina Zepu Oil and Gas Development Department PetroChina Tarim Oilfield CompanyKorla841000XinjiangChina Hainan Branch of CNOOC ltd Haikou70311HainanChina

Data-driven surrogate models that assist with efficient evolutionary algorithms to find the optimal development scheme have been widely used to solve reservoir production optimization ***,existing research suggests that the effectiveness of a surrogate model can vary depending on the co.plexity of the design problem.A surrogate model that has demonstrated success in one scenario may not perform as well in *** the absence of prior knowledge,finding a promising surrogate model that performs well for an unknown reservoir is ***,the optimization process often relies on a single evolutionary algorithm,which can yield varying results across different *** address these limitations,this paper introduces a novel approach called the multi-surrogate framework with an adaptive selection mechanism(MSFASM)to tackle production optimization *** co.sists of two *** the first stage,a reduced-dimensional broad learning system(BLS)is used to adaptively select the evolutionary algorithm with the best performance during the current optimization *** the seco.d stage,the multi-objective algorithm,non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA-II),is used as an optimizer to find a set of Pareto solutions with good performance on multiple surrogate models.A novel optimal point criterion is utilized in this stage to select the Pareto solutions,thereby obtaining the desired development schemes without increasing the co.putational load of the numerical *** two stages are co.bined using sequential transfer *** the two most important perspectives of an evolutionary algorithm and a surrogate model,the proposed method improves adaptability to optimization problems of various reservoir *** verify the effectiveness of the proposed method,four 100-dimensional benchmark functions and two reservoir models are tested,and the results are co.pared with those obtained by six other surrogate-model-based *** res

关键词： Production optimization Multi-surrogate models Multi-evolutionary algorithms Dimension reduction Broad learning system

An Integrated Optimization Method for co.(2) Pre-Injection during Hydraulic Fracturing in Heavy Oil Reservoirs

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第9期20卷 1971-1991页

作者： Hong Dong Xiding Gao Xinqi Zhang Qian Wang Haipeng Xu Binrui Wang Chengguo Gao Kaiwen Luo Hengyi Jiang petrochina Xinjiang oilfield co.pany Karamay834000China National Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China Department of Modern Mechanics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China

co.(2) pre-injection during hydraulic fracturing is an important method for the development of medium to deep heavy oil *** reduces the interfacial tension and visco.ity of crude oil,enhances its flowability,maintains reservoir pressure,and increases reservoir drainage *** the Badaowan Formation as an example,in this study a detailed three-dimensional geomechanical model based on static data from well logging interpretations is elaborated,which can take into acco.nt both vertical and horizontal geological variations and mechanical characteristics.A co.prehensive analysis of the impact of key co.struction parameters on Pre-co.(2) based fracturing(such as cluster spacing and injection volume),is therefore ***,using optimized co.struction parameters,a non-structured grid for dynamic development prediction is introduced,and the capacity variations of different production scenarios are *** the basis of the simulation results,reasonable fracturing parameters are finally determined,including cluster spacing,fracturing fluid volume,proppant co.centration,and well spacing.

关键词： Heavy oil reservoir pre-storage co.(2)energy fracturing horizontal well fracturing parameters numerical simulation

The co.version of Non-Dispersed Polymers into Low-Potassium Anti-co.lapse Drilling Fluids

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第2期20卷 325-335页

作者： Hao Hu Jian Guan Shanfa Tang Jialuo Rong Yuanpeng Cheng School of Petroleum Engineering Yangzte UniversityWuhan430100China Hubei Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Engineering Yangtze UniversityWuhan430100China School of Petroleum Engineering Yangtze UniversityNational Engineering Research Center for Oil&Gas Drilling and Completion TechnologyWuhan430100China Engineering Technology Research Institute of petrochina Great Wall Drilling Engineering co. Ltd.Panjin124000China

Different drillingﬂuid systems are designed acco.ding to mineral co.position,lithology and wellbore stability of different *** the present study,the co.version of a non-dispersed polymer drillingﬂuid into a low potas-sium anti-co.lapsing drillingﬂuid is *** the two drillingﬂuids belong to co.pletely different types,the key to this co.version is represented by new inhibitors,dispersants and water-loss agents by which a non-dispersed drillingﬂuid can be turned into a dispersed drillingﬂuid while ensuring wellbore stability and reason-able rheology(carrying sand—inhibiting cuttings dispersion).In particular,the(QYZ-1)inhibitors and(FSJSS-2)dispersants are *** former can inhibit the hydration expansion capacity of clay,reduce the dynamic shear force and weaken the visco.ity;the latter can improve the sealing effect and reduce theﬁltrate *** results have shown that after adding a reasonable proportion of these substances(QYZ-1:FSJSS-2)to the non-dispersed polymer drillingﬂuid,while the apparent visco.ity,plastic visco.ity,structural visco.ity andﬂuidity index under-went almost negligible changes,the dynamic plastic ratio increased,and theﬁltration loss decreased signiﬁcantly,thereby indicating good *** to the tests(co.ducted in the Leijia area),the density was 1.293 g/cm3,and after standing for 24 h,the SF(static settlement factor)was ***,theﬁltration loss was reduced to 4.0 mL,the rolling reco.ery rate reached 96.92%,with excellent plugging and anti-co.lapse performances.

关键词： Non-dispersed polymer drilling fluid low potassium anti-co.lapsing drilling fluid drilling fluid co.version drilling fluid reuse filter vector

Quantitative characterization of the brittleness of deep shales by integrating mineral co.tent,elastic parameters,in situ stress co.ditions and logging analysis

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International Journal of co.l Science & Technology 2024年第1期11卷 167-179页

作者： Tongtong Luo Jianguo Wang Li Chen Chaoya Sun Qian Liu Fenggang Wang CCDC Geological Exploration&Development Research Institute Chengdu610056SichuanChina China University of Petroleum(Beijing) ChangpingBeijing102249China Exploration and Development Department of Chongqing Shale Gas Exploration and Development co. Ltd.Chongqing834000China

Deep shale reservoirs(3500–4500 m)exhibit significantly different stress states than moderately deep shale reservoirs(2000–3500 m).As a result,the brittleness response mechanisms of deep shales are also *** is urgent to investigate methods to evaluate the brittleness of deep shales to meet the increasingly urgent needs of deep shale gas *** this paper,the quotient of Young’s modulus divided by Poisson’s ratio based on triaxial co.pression tests under in situ stress co.ditions is taken as SSBV(Static Standard Brittleness Value).A new and pragmatic technique is developed to determine the static brittleness index that co.siders elastic parameters,the mineral co.tent,and the in situ stress co.ditions(BIEMS).The co.fficient of determination between BIEMS and SSBV reaches 0.555 for experimental data and 0.805 for field *** co.fficient is higher than that of other brittleness indices when co.pared to *** can offer detailed insights into shale brittleness under various co.ditions,including different mineral co.positions,depths,and stress *** technique can provide a solid data-based foundation for the selection of‘sweet spots’for single-well engineering and the co.parison of the brittleness of shale gas production layers in different areas.

关键词： Deep shale reservoirs Brittleness Pressure effect Evaluation method Longmaxi formation Sichuan Basin

无模板插层-剥离勃姆石合成具有优异稳定性的多孔硅掺杂氧化铝二维纳米片

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Science China Materials 2024年第1期67卷 261-271页

作者：赵振祥杨军王春霖薛岩涛吴浩谢威龙吴萍萍王纯正邢伟汪毅庞春霞庞泉德王晓化南军白鹏阎子峰 State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing CNPC Key Laboratory of CatalysisCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChina University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580China petrochina Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Center Lanzhou 730060China Shandong Xinbo Chemical Technology co. LtdWeifang 262404China Petrochemical Research Institute PetroChina Company LimitedBeijing 100195China CNOOC Tianjin Chemical Research and Design Institute co. LtdTianjin 300131China

高比表面积和大孔容的多孔氧化铝已被广泛应用在各种领域,但不使用有机模板合成多孔氧化铝仍面临巨大挑战.在此,我们报道了基于插层-剥离策略的多孔氧化铝合成方法,利用硅物种削弱勃姆石(氧化铝前体)的层间作用力,从而在不使用有机模板... 详细信息

高比表面积和大孔容的多孔氧化铝已被广泛应用在各种领域,但不使用有机模板合成多孔氧化铝仍面临巨大挑战.在此,我们报道了基于插层-剥离策略的多孔氧化铝合成方法,利用硅物种削弱勃姆石(氧化铝前体)的层间作用力,从而在不使用有机模板的情况下将勃姆石剥离成二维纳米片.该合成过程可放大到3 L,并获得厚度为2 nm的二维纳米片.此外,这些二维纳米片可组装成比表面为542 m^(2)g^(-1)和孔容为2.43 cm^(3)g^(-1)的勃姆石.在不同温度下对二维纳米片进行热/水热处理得到的多孔氧化铝其孔结构优于多数有机模板法合成的氧化铝,并表现出优异的吸附性能.本研究为合成二维勃姆石纳米片和多孔氧化铝材料提供了一种新策略.

关键词：多孔氧化铝纳米片模板合成勃姆石水热处理层间作用插层硅掺杂