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Dynamic risk assessment of gas pipeline operation process by fusing visual and olfactory monitoring

Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2024年第2期5卷 156-166页

作者： Denglong Ma Weigao Mao Guangsen Zhang Chaoyi Liu Yi Han Xiaoming Zhang Hansheng Wang Kang Cen Wan Lu Denghui Li Hanyue Zhang School of Mechanical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China Hanzhong natural gas Investinent Development Co.Ltd Hanzhong723011China Shaanxi Special Equipment Inspection and Testing Institute Xi'an710038China School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China Sichuan Tianxin gas Co.Ltd. Mianyang62100China petro china Southwest Oil and gas Field company gas Branch Chengdu610500China

With the rapid increase in urban gas consumption,the frequency of maintenance and repair of gas pipelines has escalated,leading to a rise in safety accidents during these processes.The traditional manual supervision model presents challenges such as inaccurate monitoring results,incomplete risk factor analysis,and a lack of quantitative risk assessment.This research focuses on developing a dynamic risk assessment technology for gas emergency repair operations by integrating the monitoring outcomes of artificial olfactory for gas leakage information and video object recognition for visual safety factor monitoring data.To quantitatively evaluate the risk of the operation process,a three-dimensional risk assessment model combining gas leakage with riskcorrelated sensitivity was established as well as a separate three-dimensional risk assessment model integrating visual risk factors with predictable risk disposition.Furthermore,a visual risk quantification expression mode based on the risk matrix-radar map method was introduced.Additionally,a risk quantification model based on the fusion of visual and olfactory results was formulated.The verification results of simulation scenarios based on field data indicate that the visual-olfactory fusion risk assessment method can more accurately reflect the dynamic risk level of the operation process compared to simple visual safety factor monitoring.The outcomes of this research can contribute to the identification of safety status and early warning of risks related to personnel,equipment,and environmental factors in emergency repair operations.Moreover,these results can be extended to other operational scenarios,such as oil and gas production stations and long-distance pipeline operations.

关键词： gas pipelinemaintenance Dynamicriskassessment Visual-olfactoryfusion Risk matrix Risk quantification model

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Optimizing the Diameter of Plugging Balls in Deep Shale gas Wells

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第3期20卷 609-624页

作者： Yi Song Zheyu Hu Cheng Shen Lan Ren Xingwu Guo Ran Lin Kun Wang Zhiyong Zhao Shale gas Research Institute PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gasfield CompanyChengdu610056China State Key Laboratory of Oil&gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China National Pipe Network Group Sichuan East natural gas Transmission pipeline Co. Ltd.Wuhan430205China Fracturing Acidizing company Downhole Operation Company of Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co.Ltd.Chengdu610213China

Deep shale gas reserves that have been fractured typically have many relatively close perforation holes. Due to theproximity of each fracture during the formation of the fracture network, there is significant stress interference,which results in uneven fracture propagation. It is common practice to use “balls” to temporarily plug fractureopenings in order to lessen liquid intake and achieve uniform propagation in each cluster. In this study, a diameteroptimization model is introduced for these plugging balls based on a multi-cluster fracture propagationmodel and a perforation dynamic abrasion model. This approach relies on proper consideration of the multiphasenature of the considered problem and the interaction force between the involved fluid and solid phases. Accordingly,it can take into account the behavior of the gradually changing hole diameter due to proppant continuousperforation erosion. Moreover, it can provide useful information about the fluid-dynamic behavior of the consideredsystem before and after plugging. It is shown that when the diameter of the temporary plugging ball is1.2 times that of the perforation hole, the perforation holes of each cluster can be effectively blocked.

关键词： Deep shale gas fracture propagation fluid mechanics fluid-solid coupling perforation hole abrasion

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Research on a TOPSIS energy efficiency evaluation system for crude oil gathering and transportation systems based on a GA-BP neural network

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petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 621-640页

作者： Xue-Qiang Zhang Qing-Lin Cheng Wei Sun Yi Zhao Zhi-Min Li Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Enhancing the Oil and gas Recovery Ratio Northeast Petroleum UniversityDaqing163318HeilongjiangChina china petroleum pipeline Material and Equipment Co. LtdLangfang065000HebeiChina Research Institute of petroleum Engineering and Technology Sinopec Northwest Oilfield CompanyUrumqi830011XinjiangChina

As the main link of ground engineering,crude oil gathering and transportation systems require huge energy consumption and complex structures.It is necessary to establish an energy efficiency evaluation system for crude oil gathering and transportation systems and identify the energy efficiency gaps.In this paper,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system in an oilfield in western china is established.Combined with the big data analysis method,the GA-BP neural network is used to establish the energy efficiency index prediction model for crude oil gathering and transportation systems.The comprehensive energy consumption,gas consumption,power consumption,energy utilization rate,heat utilization rate,and power utilization rate of crude oil gathering and transportation systems are predicted.Considering the efficiency and unit consumption index of the crude oil gathering and transportation system,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system is established based on a game theory combined weighting method and TOPSIS evaluation method,and the subjective weight is determined by the triangular fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.The entropy weight method determines the objective weight,and the combined weight of game theory combines subjectivity with objectivity to comprehensively evaluate the comprehensive energy efficiency of crude oil gathering and transportation systems and their subsystems.Finally,the weak links in energy utilization are identified,and energy conservation and consumption reduction are improved.The above research provides technical support for the green,efficient and intelligent development of crude oil gathering and transportation systems.

关键词： Crude oil gathering and transportation system GA-BP neural network Energy efficiency evaluation TOPSIS evaluation method Energy saving and consumption reduction

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Stress corrosion cracking behavior of buried oil and gas pipeline steel under the coexistence of magnetic field and sulfate-reducing bacteria

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petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1320-1332页

作者： Jian-Yu He Fei Xie Dan Wang Guang-Xin Liu Ming Wu Yue Qin College of petroleum Engineering Liaoning Petrochemical UniversityFushun113001LiaoningChina Key Laboratory of Oil and gas Storage and Transportation Technology in Liaoning Province Fushun113001LiaoningChina State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Pipechina West East gas pipeline company Shanghai200120China

Magnetic field and microorganisms are important factors influencing the stress corrosion cracking(SCC)of buried oil and gas pipelines. Once SCC occurs in buried pipelines, it will cause serious hazards to the soil environment. The SCC behavior of X80 pipeline steel under the magnetic field and sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB) environment was investigated by immersion tests, electrochemical tests, and slow strain rate tensile(SSRT) tests. The results showed that the corrosion and SCC sensitivity of X80 steel decreased with increasing the magnetic field strength in the sterile environment. The SCC sensitivity was higher in the biotic environment inoculated with SRB, but it also decreased with increasing magnetic field strength, which was due to the magnetic field reduces microbial activity and promotes the formation of dense film layer. This work provided theoretical guidance on the prevention of SCC in pipeline steel under magnetic field and SRB coexistence.

关键词： Magnetic field Sulfate-reducing bacteria Film layer Stress corrosion cracking Oil and gas pipelines

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Factors Influencing Fracture Propagation in Collaborative Fracturing ofMultiple HorizontalWells

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Energy Engineering 2024年第2期121卷 425-437页

作者： Diguang Gong Junbin Chen Cheng Cheng Yuanyuan Kou Shanxi Key Laboratory of Well Stability and Fluid&RockMechanics inOil andgas Reservoirs Xi’an Shiyou UniversityXi’an710065China The Second Oil Production Plant Petro China Changqing Oilfield CompanyQingyang745100China

Horizontal well-stimulation is the key to unconventional resource exploration and development.The development mode of the well plant helps increase the stimulated reservoir volume.Nevertheless,fracture interference between wells reduces the fracturing effect.Here,a 2D hydro-mechanical coupling model describing hydraulic fracture(HF)propagation is established with the extended finite element method,and the effects of several factors on HF propagation during multiple wells fracturing are analyzed.The results show that with an increase in elastic modulus,horizontal principal stress difference and injection fluid displacement,the total fracture area and the reservoir stimulation efficiency are both improved in all three fracturing technologies.After a comparison of the three technologies,the method of improved zipper fracturing is proposed,which avoids mutual interference between HFs,and the reservoir stimulation effect is improved significantly.The study provides guidance for optimizing the fracturing technology of multiple horizontal wells.

关键词： Multi-well fracturing inter-fracture interference hydraulic fracturing hydro-mechanical coupling extended finite element horizontal well

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Facies logging identification of intermediate-basic volcanic rocks in Huoshiling Formation of Songliao Basin

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Global Geology 2024年第2期27卷 93-104页

作者： LI Yonggang YAN Bo Northeast Oil and gas company SINOPECChangchun 130022China College of Earth Sciences Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061China

Volcanic oil and gas reservoirs are generally buried deep,which leads to a high whole-well coring cost,and the degree of development and size of reservoirs are controlled by volcanic facies.Therefore,accurately identifying volcanic facies by logging curves not only provides the basis of volcanic reservoir prediction but also saves costs during exploration.The Songliao Basin is a‘fault-depression superimposed’composite basin with a typical binary filling structure.Abundant types of volcanic lithologies and facies are present in the Lishu fault depression.Volcanic activity is frequent during the sedimentary period of the Huoshiling Formation.Through systematic petrographic identification of the key exploratory well(SN165C)of the Lishu fault-depression,which is a whole-well core,it is found that the Huoshiling Formation in SN165C contains four facies and six subfacies,including the volcanic conduit facies(crypto explosive breccia subfacies),explosive facies(pyroclastic flow and thermal wave base subfacies),effusive facies(upper and lower subfacies),and volcanogenic sedimentary facies(pyroclastic sedimentary subfacies).Combining core,thin section,and logging data,the authors established identification markers and petrographic chart logging phases,and also interpreted the longitudinal variation in volcanic petro-graphic response characteristics to make the charts more applicable to this area's volcanic petrographic interpretation of the Huoshiling Formation.These charts can provide a basis for the further exploration and development of volcanic oil and gas in this area.

关键词： Lishu fault-depression Huoshiling Formation volcanic lithofacies logging identification whole-coring well SN165C

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Simulation on venting process and valve opening control method for gas trunk pipelines

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petroleum Science 2022年第6期19卷 3016-3028页

作者： Li-Li Zuo An-Tai Jin Qian Chen Qin-Long Dong Yuan-Xin Li Si-Rui Zhao National Engineering Laboratory for pipeline Safety/Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and gas Distribution Technology China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China petro china Planning&Engineering Institute Beijing100083China National petroleum and natural gas Pipe Network Group Beijing pipeline Co. Ltd.Beijing100101China

Determining the venting time of a gas trunk pipeline segment provides an important basis for formulating an emergency plan in the advent of unexpected accidents.As the natural gas venting process corresponds to the transient flow,it is necessary to establish a transient hydraulic-thermal simulation model in order to determine the venting time.In this paper,based on two kinds of venting scenarios in which there is only one venting point in the venting system of a gas trunk pipeline segment—namely,where the venting point is either at one of the two ends or at the junction of two gas trunk pipeline segments—transient hydraulic-thermal simulation models are established.The models consist of gas flow governing equations,the gas state equation,gas physical property equations,initial conditions,and appropriate boundary conditions.The implicit central difference method is used to discretize the gas flow partial differential equations,and the trust-region-dogleg algorithm is used to solve the equations corresponding to each time step,in order to dynamically simulate the whole venting process.The judgment condition for the end of the venting process is that the average pressure of gas trunk pipeline segment is less than 0.11 MPa(actual pressure).Comparing the simulation results of the proposed model with those of the OLGA software and real operational data,we find that the venting time error is less than 10%.On this basis,a venting valve opening control principle is proposed,which prevents the venting noise from exceeded the specified noise value(85 d B)in the venting design of domestic gas pipeline projects.The established calculation model for venting time(dynamic simulation model)for a gas trunk pipeline segment and the proposed opening control principle of venting valve provide reference for the optimal operation of gas pipeline venting systems.

关键词： gas pipeline Venting time Transient simulation Implicit central difference method Valve Opening Control Method

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Investigations on methane hydrate formation,dissociation,and viscosity in gas-water-sand system

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petroleum Science 2022年第5期19卷 2420-2430页

作者： Shang-Fei Song Shun-Kang Fu Qing-Yun Liao Bo-Hui Shi Hong-Ju Chen Jing Gong State Key Laboratory of natural gas Hydrates/National Engineering Laboratory for pipeline Safety China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China Pipechina West East pipeline company Shanghai200122China Key Lab of Deepwater Engineering CNOOC Research InstituteBeijing100028China

Understanding the kinetics and viscosity of hydrate slurry in gas-water-sand system is of great significance for the high-efficiency and high-safety development of natural gas hydrates.The effect of micronsized sands with various concentrations and particle sizes on the hydrate formation,dissociation,and viscosity in gas-water-sand system are investigated in this work.The experimental results show that the hydrate induction time in the sandy system is slightly prolonged compared to the pure gas-water system,and the inhibition effect first strengthens and then weakens as the sand concentration increases from0 wt%to 5 wt%.Besides,the difference of hydrate formation amount in various cases is not obvious.The concentration and particle size of sand have little effect on the kinetics of hydrate formation.Both promoting and inhibiting effects on hydrate formation have been found in the sandy multiphase fluid.For the viscosity characteristics,there are three variations of hydrate slurry viscosity during the formation process:Steep drop type,S-type and Fluctuation type.Moreover,appropriate sand size is helpful to reduce the randomness of slurry viscosity change.Meanwhile,even at the same hydrate volume fraction,the slurry viscosity in the formation process is significantly higher than that in dissociation process,which needs further research.This work provides further insights of hydrate formation,dissociation,and viscosity in gas-water-sand system,which is of great significance for safe and economic development of natural gas hydrates.

关键词： Hydrate slurry Micron-sized sands Hydrate formation Hydrate dissociation Viscosity characteristics

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Review of research on intelligent diagnosis of oil transfer pump malfunction

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petroleum 2023年第2期9卷 135-142页

作者： Liangliang Dong Qian Xiao Yanjie Jia Tianhai Fang School of Mechatronic Engineering Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China Pipe china Southwest pipeline company Technology Center Chengdu 610017China petro china Southwest Oil&gasfield company Chengdu610051China Oil and gas equipment technology Sharing and Service Platform of Sichuan ProvinceChina

Oil transfer pump is the key dynamic equipment in the process of oil and gas gathering and transportation,and its working reliability directly affects the safety of oil and gas storage and transportation.Intelligent diagnosis is a key technical method to reduce failure rate of oil transfer pump,ensure the safety of gathering and transportation process,and avoid major safety accidents caused by oil transfer pump failure.Various oil transfer pumps have been emerged in recent decades,and the common fault types and characteristics of oil transfer pump have been brought out in the review.This article highlights on the research of the fault signal and processing methods of oil transfer pump.Firstly,the fault signal of the oil transfer pump is discussed and the advantages and disadvantages of different signal extraction are analyzed.Secondly,the intelligent diagnosis method of oil transfer pump and the shortcomings of the existing methods are pointed out.Finally,the conclusions are given and the future development perspectives of oil transfer pumps are suggested.The main contribution of this review is to give a syn-thetic understanding on oil transfer pumps.

关键词： Intelligent diagnosis Oil transfer pump Development trend

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CO_(2),N_(2),and CO_(2)/N_(2)mixed gas injection for enhanced shale gas recovery and CO_(2)geological storage

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Frontiers in Energy 2023年第3期17卷 428-445页

作者： Jianfa WU Haoran HU Cheng CHANG Deliang ZHANG Jian ZHANG Shengxian ZHAO Bo WANG Qiushi ZHANG Yiming CHEN Fanhua ZENG Shale gas Research Institute Petro-China Southwest Oil and Gas-field CompanyChengdu 610051China Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science University of ReginaSK S4S 0A2Canada Department of petroleum and natural gas Engineering Liaoning Petrochemical UniversityFushun 113001China

In this work,using fractured shale cores,isothermal adsorption experiments and core flooding tests were conducted to investigate the performance of injecting different gases to enhance shale gas recovery and CO_(2)geological storage efficiency under real reservoir conditions.The adsorption process of shale to different gases was in agreement with the extended-Langmuir model,and the adsorption capacity of CO_(2)was the largest,followed by CH_(4),and that of N_(2)was the smallest of the three pure gases.In addition,when the CO_(2)concentration in the mixed gas exceeded 50%,the adsorption capacity of the mixed gas was greater than that of CH4,and had a strong competitive adsorption effect.For the core flooding tests,pure gas injection showed that the breakthrough time of CO_(2)was longer than that of N_(2),and the CH_(4)recovery factor at the breakthrough time(Rch,)was also higher than that of N_(2).The RcH of CO_(2)gas injection was approximately 44.09%,while the RcH,of N_(2)was only 31.63%.For CO_(2)/N_(2)mixed gas injection,with the increase of CO_(2)concentration,the RcH,increased,and the RcH,for mixed gas CO_(2)/N_(2)=8:2 was close to that of pure CO_(2),about 40.24%.Moreover,the breakthrough time of N_(2)in mixed gas was not much different from that when pure N_(2)was injected,while the breakthrough time of CO_(2)was prolonged,which indicated that with the increase of N_(2)concentration in the mixed gas,the breakthrough time of CO_(2)could be extended.Furthermore,an abnormal surge of N_(2)concentration in the produced gas was observed after N_(2)breakthrough.In regards to CO_(2)storage efficiency(S_(Storage-CO_(2)),as the CO_(2)concentration increased,S storage-co_(2)also increased.The S storage-co_(2),of the pure CO_(2)gas injection was about 35.96%,while for mixed gas CO_(2)/N_(2)=8:2,S sorage-co,was about 32.28%.

关键词： shale gas gas injection competitive adsorption enhanced shale gas recovery CO_(2)geological storage

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