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Plant Cell Wall-Like Soft Materials:Micro-and Nanoengineering,Properties,and Applications

Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第5期17卷 37-77页

作者： Roya Koshani Mica L.Pitcher Jingyi Yu Christine L.Mahajan Seong H.Kim Amir Sheikhi Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Biology The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Materials Research Institute The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Biomedical Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Neurosurgery College of MedicineThe Pennsylvania State UniversityHersheyPA 17033USA

Plant cell wall(CW)-like soft materials,referred to as artificial CWs,are composites of assembled polymers containing micro-/nanoparticles or fibers/fibrils that are designed to mimic the composition,structure,and mechanics of plant ***-like materials have recently emerged to test hypotheses pertaining to the intricate structure–property relationships of native plant CWs or to fabricate functional ***,research on plant CWs and CW-like materials is reviewed by distilling key studies on biomimetic composites primarily composed of plant polysaccharides,including cellulose,pectin,and hemicellulose,as well as organic polymers like ***-and nanofabrication of plant CW-like composites,characterization techniques,and in silico studies are reviewed,with a brief overview of current and potential ***-/nanofabrication approaches include bacterial growth and impregnation,layer-by-layer assembly,film casting,3-dimensional templating microcapsules,and particle *** characterization techniques are necessary for the comprehensive mechanical,chemical,morphological,and structural analyses of plant CWs and CW-like ***-like materials demonstrate versatility in real-life applications,including biomass conversion,pulp and paper,food science,construction,catalysis,and reaction *** review seeks to facilitate the rational design and thorough characterization of plant CW-mimetic materials,with the goal of advancing the development of innovative soft materials and elucidating the complex structure–property relationships inherent in native CWs.

关键词： Synthetic plants Biomimicry Acellular wall Composites Living materials Soft matter

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Counterfactual Learning on Graphs:A Survey

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Machine Intelligence Research 2025年第1期22卷 17-59页

作者： Zhimeng Guo Zongyu Wu Teng Xiao Charu Aggarwal Hui Liu Suhang Wang college of Information Sciences and Technology Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park 16802USA International Business Machines Corporation T.J.Watson Research Center New York 10598USA college of Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing 48824USA

Graph-structured data are pervasive in the real-world such as social networks,molecular graphs and transaction *** neural networks(GNNs)have achieved great success in representation learning on graphs,facilitating various downstream ***,GNNs have several drawbacks such as lacking interpretability,can easily inherit the bias of data and cannot model casual ***,counterfactual learning on graphs has shown promising results in alleviating these *** approaches have been proposed for counterfactual fairness,explainability,link prediction and other applications on *** facilitate the develop-ment of this promising direction,in this survey,we categorize and comprehensively review papers on graph counterfactual *** divide existing methods into four categories based on problems *** each category,we provide background and motivating ex-amples,a general framework summarizing existing works and a detailed review of these *** point out promising future research directions at the intersection of graph-structured data,counterfactual learning,and real-world *** offer a comprehensive view of resources for future studies,we compile a collection of open-source implementations,public datasets,and commonly-used evalu-ation *** survey aims to serve as a“one-stop-shop”for building a unified understanding of graph counterfactual learning cat-egories and current resources.

关键词： Counterfactual learning graph-structured data graph neural networks fairness explainability

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E3 Ligases and COVID-19:Insights into Viral Control andTherapeutic Potential

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BIOCELL 2025年第1期49卷 127-147页

作者： Mukul Mishra Deeba Khan Sehbanul Islam Department of Cancer Biology Abramson Family Cancer Research InstitutePerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Pathology Jawaharlal Nehru Medical CollegeAligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh202002Uttar PradeshIndia

The COVID-19 pandemic,caused by the newly emerged coronavirus SARS-CoV-2,has resulted in unprecedented global health challenges,including millions of infections and *** the direct effects of the virus are critical,the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and cellular host factors significantly impacts the replication cycle of the virus and the clinical severity of *** review provides a comprehensive analysis of hostpathogen interactions,focusing on the functional roles and regulatory mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 viral *** systematically review the literature to detail how SARS-CoV-2 engages with host cellular machinery,with a specific emphasis on their modulation by E3 ubiquitin *** dissecting these intricate interactions and the impact of E3 ligases on SARS-CoV-2 infection,we aimto uncover novel therapeutic opportunities and strategies to effectively combat COVID-19.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 viral proteins host-pathogen interaction E3 ubiquitin ligases ubiquitination targeted protein degradation

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Effects of probiotic treatment on the prognosis of patients with sepsis: a systematic review

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2025年第1期16卷 18-27页

作者： Chao Gong Shengyong Xu Youlong Pan Shigong Guo Joseph Harold Walline Xue Wang Xin Lu Shiyuan Yu Mubing Qin Huadong Zhu Yanxia Gao Yi Li Emergency Department the State Key Laboratory for ComplexSevere and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Emergency Department Qinghai Cardio-cerebrovascular Specialty HospitalXining 810012China Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Southmead HospitalBristol BS105NBUK Department of Emergency Medicine Milton S.Hershey Medical Centerthe Pennsylvania State UniversityHershey 17033USA Department of Allergy&Clinical Immunology Peking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical College&Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesNational Clinical Research Center for Immunologic DiseasesBeijing 100730China Emergency Department the First Affi liated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052China

BACKGROUND: Sepsis, a common acute and critical disease, leads to 11 million deaths annually worldwide. Probiotics are living microorganisms that are beneficial to the host and may benefit sepsis outcomes, but their effects are stil inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the overal eff ect of probiotics on the prognosis of patients with *** RESOURCES: We searched several sources for published/presented studies, including Pub Med, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and the US National Library of Medicine Clinical Trials Register(***) updated through July 30, 2023, to identify all relevant randomized controlled trials(RCTs) or observational studies that assessed the effectiveness of probiotics or synbiotics in patients with sepsis and reported mortality. We focused primarily on mortality during the study period and analyzed secondary outcomes, including 28-day mortality, in-intensive care unit(ICU) mortality and other ***: Data from 405 patients in five RCTs and 108 patients in one cohort study were included in the analysis. The overall quality of the studies was satisfactory, but clinical heterogeneity existed. All adult studies reported a tendency for probiotics to reduce the mortality of patients with sepsis, and most studies reported a decreasing trend in the incidence of infectious complications, length of ICU stay and duration of antibiotic use. There was only one RCT involving ***: Probiotics show promise for improving the prognosis of patients with sepsis, including reducing mortality and the incidence of infectious complications, particularly in adult patients. Despite the limited number of studies, especially in children, these findings will be encouraging for clinical practice in the treatment of sepsis and suggest that gut microbiota-targeted therapy may improve the prognosis of patients with sepsis.

关键词： Sepsis Probiotics Synbiotics Mortality Gut microbiota

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Plant Cell Wall-Like Soft Materials: Micro- and Nanoengineering, Properties, and Applications

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第05期 45-85页

作者： Roya Koshani Mica L.Pitcher Jingyi Yu Christine L.Mahajan Seong H.Kim Amir Sheikhi Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State University University Park Department of Biology The Pennsylvania State University University Park Materials Research Institute The Pennsylvania State University University Park Department of Biomedical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences The Pennsylvania State University University Park Department of Neurosurgery College of Medicine The Pennsylvania State University

Plant cell wall(CW)-like soft materials, referred to as artificial CWs, are composites of assembled polymers containing micro-/nanoparticles or fibers/fibrils that are designed to mimic the composition, structure, and mechanics of plant CWs. CW-like materials have recently emerged to test hypotheses pertaining to the intricate structure–property relationships of native plant CWs or to fabricate functional ***, research on plant CWs and CW-like materials is reviewed by distilling key studies on biomimetic composites primarily composed of plant polysaccharides, including cellulose, pectin, and hemicellulose, as well as organic polymers like lignin. Micro- and nanofabrication of plant CW-like composites,characterization techniques, and in silico studies are reviewed, with a brief overview of current and potential applications. Micro-/nanofabrication approaches include bacterial growth and impregnation, layer-by-layer assembly, film casting, 3-dimensional templating microcapsules, and particle coating. Various characterization techniques are necessary for the comprehensive mechanical, chemical, morphological, and structural analyses of plant CWs and CW-like materials. CW-like materials demonstrate versatility in real-life applications, including biomass conversion, pulp and paper, food science, construction, catalysis, and reaction engineering. This review seeks to facilitate the rational design and thorough characterization of plant CW-mimetic materials, with the goal of advancing the development of innovative soft materials and elucidating the complex structure–property relationships inherent in native CWs.

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Water deficit affects the nitrogen nutrition index of winter wheat under controlled water conditions

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2025年第2期24卷 724-738页

作者： Ben Zhao Anzhen Qin Wei Feng Xinqiang Qiu Pingyan Wang Haixia Qin Yang Gao Guojie Wang Zhandong Liu Syed Tahir Ata-Ul-Karim college of Tobacco Science Henan Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Farmland Irrigation Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science Henan Agricultural University Henan Provincial Water Conservancy Research Institute/Center of Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research of Henan Province Department of Plant Science The Pennsylvania State UniversityState College

Nitrogen （N） uptake is regulated by water availability,and a water deficit can limit crop N responses by reducing N uptake and *** complex and multifaceted interplay between water availability and the crop N response makes it difficult to predict and quantify the effect of water deficit on crop N *** nitrogen nutrition index （NNI）has been widely used to accurately diagnose crop N status and to evaluate the effectiveness of N *** decline of NNI under water-limiting conditions has been documented,although the underlying mechanism governing this decline is not fully *** study aimed to elucidate the reason for the decline of NNI under waterlimiting conditions and to provide insights into the accurate utilization of NNI for assessing crop N status under different water–N interaction *** shelter experiments were conducted over three growing seasons from 2018 to 2021 under different N (75 and 225 kg N ha–1,low N and high N) and water （120 to 510 mm,W0 to W3） co-limitation *** N accumulation,shoot biomass （SB）,plant N concentration （%N）,soil nitrate-N content,actual evapotranspiration （ETa）,and yield were recorded at the stem elongation,booting,anthesis and grain filling *** to W0,W1 to W3 treatments exhibited NNI values that were greater by 10.2 to 20.5%,12.6to 24.8%,14 to 24.8%,and 16.8 to 24.8%at stem elongation,booting,anthesis,and grain filling,respectively,across the 2018–2021 *** decline in NNI under water-limiting conditions stemmed from two main ***,reduced ETaand SB led to a greater critical N concentration （%Nc） under water-limiting conditions,which contributed to the decline in NNI primarily under high N ***,changes in plant%N played a more significant role under low N *** N accumulation exhibited a positive allometric relationship with SB and a negative relationship with soil nitrate-N content under water-limiting conditions,indicatin

关键词： critical nitrogen concentration shoot biomass plant nitrogen accumulation soil nitrate N concentration soil water content

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Position paper:GPT conjecture:understanding the trade‑offs between granularity,performance and timeliness in control‑flow integrity

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Cybersecurity 2021年第2期4卷 519-527页

作者： Zhilong Wang Peng Liu The pennsylvania State University State CollegeUSA

Performance/security trade-off is widely noticed in CFI research,however,we observe that not every CFI scheme is subject to the *** by the key observation,we ask three questions:➊does trade-off really exist in different CFI schemes?➋if trade-off do exist,how do previous works comply with it?➌how can it inspire future research?Although the three questions probably cannot be directly answered,they are *** find that a deeper understanding of the nature of the trade-off will help answer the three ***,we proposed the GPT conjecture to pinpoint the trade-off in designing CFI schemes,which says that at most two out of three properties(fine granularity,acceptable performance,and preventive protection)could be achieved.

关键词： Conjecture Control-flow integrity Trade-off

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Protein Kinase Activity Changes in the Aging Brain

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1991年第1期4卷 173-181页

作者： MICHAE LR.PISANO HOAU-YAN WANG EITAN FRIEDMAN Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology Medical College of PennsylvaniaDepartments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology Medical College of PennsylvaniaDepartments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology Medical College of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19129 Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19129Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19129 To whom correspondence should be addressed

The aging process in mammals is correlated with changes in psychomotor performance, cognitive function, and ability to adapt to stress (Montgomery et al., 1982; Lorens et al., 1990). These changes may be related to alterations in neuronal tissue that occur during the aging process. The normal aging process may be conceived of as the neuronal cell’s increasing inability to maintain normal cellular function which ultimately results in a number of morphological and biochemical changes. Morphologically, there is a loss of neuronal cells with increasing age (Brizzee and

关键词： Protein Kinase Activity Changes in the Aging Brain

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Long-term economic sensitivity analysis of light duty underground mining vehicles by power source

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第3期27卷 567-571页

作者： Schatz Richard S. Nieto Antonio Lvov Serguei N. The EMS Energy Institute College of Earth and Mineral Engineering The Pennsylvania State University State College PA 16802 USA Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering College of Earth and Mineral Engineering The Pennsylvania State University State College PA 16802 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Earth and Mineral Engineering The Pennsylvania State University State College PA 16802 USA

LHD's are expensive vehicles; therefore, it is important to accurately define the financial consequences associated with the investment of purchasing the mining equipment. This study concentrates on longterm incremental and sensitivity analysis to determine whether it is feasible to incorporate current battery technology into these machines. When revenue was taken into account, decreasing the amount of haulage in battery operated equipment by 5% or 200 kg per h amounts to a $4.0 × 10~4 loss of profit per year. On average it was found that using battery operated equipment generated $9.5 × 10~4 more in income annually, reducing the payback period from seven to two years to pay back the additional $1.0 × 10~5 investment of buying battery powered equipment over cheaper diesel equipment. Due to the estimated 5% increase in capital, it was observed that electric vehicles must possess a lifetime that is a minimum of one year longer than that of diesel equipment.

关键词： Sensitivity analysis Underground mining vehicles Battery power Battery mining equipment Economic evaluation

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Genetic association and epistatic interaction of the interleukin-10 signaling pathway in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第27期23卷 4897-4909页

作者： Zhenwu Lin Zhong Wang John P Hegarty Tony R Lin Yunhua Wang Sue Deiling Rongling Wu Neal J Thomas Joanna Floros CHILD Research Department of Pediatricsthe Pennsylvania State UniversityCollege of Medicine Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Division of Biostatistics Department of Public Health Sciencethe Pennsylvania State UniversityCollege of Medicine Department of Surgery the Pennsylvania State UniversityCollege of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology the Pennsylvania State UniversityCollege of Medicine

To study the genetic association and epistatic interaction of the interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-10/STAT3 pathways in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODSA total of 159 pediatric inflammatory IBD patients (Crohn’s disease, n = 136; ulcerative colitis, n = 23) and 129 matched controls were studied for genetic association of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IL-10 gene and the genes IL10RA, IL10RB, STAT3, and HO1, from the IL-10/STAT3 signaling pathway. As interactions between SNPs from different loci may significantly affect the associated risk for disease, additive (a) and dominant (d) modeling of SNP interactions was also performed to examine high-order epistasis between combinations of the individual SNPs. RESULTSThe results showed that IL-10 rs304496 was associated with pediatric IBD (P = 0.022), but no association was found for two other IL-10 SNPs, rs1800872 and rs2034498, or for SNPs in genes IL10RA, IL10RB, STAT3, and HO1. However, analysis of epistatic interaction among these genes showed significant interactions: (1) between two IL-10 SNPs rs1800872 and rs3024496 (additive-additive P = 0.00015, Bonferroni P value (Bp) = 0.003); (2) between IL-10RB rs2834167 and HO1 rs2071746 (dominant-additive, P = 0.0018, Bp = 0.039); and (3) among IL-10 rs1800872, IL10RB rs2834167, and HO1 rs2071746 (additive-dominant-additive, P = 0.00015, Bp = 0.005), as well as weak interactions among IL-10 rs1800872, IL-10 rs3024496, and IL-10RA (additive-additive-additive, P = 0.003; Bp = 0.099), and among IL10RA, IL10RB, and HO1 genes (additive-dominant-additive, P = 0.008, Bp = 0.287). CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that both the IL-10 gene itself, and through epistatic interaction with genes within the IL-10/STAT3 signaling pathway, contribute to the risk of pediatric IBD.

关键词： Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease Interleukin-10 HO1 Single nucleotide polymorphism IL10-STAT3 pathway Epistatic interaction

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