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Diagnostic Accuracy of Computerized Bowel Sound Analysis with Non-Invasive Devices for Irritable Bowel Syndrome:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Chinese medical Sciences Journal 2024年第2期39卷 122-130页

作者： Xia-Xiao Yan Yue-Lun Zhang Yu-Pei Zhang Ying-Yun Yang Dong Wu Department of Gastroenterology State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Eight-Year medical Doctor Program Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China medical Research Center Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China

Objective To assess the diagnostic accuracy of bowel sound analysis for irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)with a systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods We searched MEDLINE,Embase,the Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and IEEE Xplore databases until September 2023.Cross-sectional and case-control studies on diagnostic accuracy of bowel sound analysis for IBS were identified.We estimated the pooled sensitivity,specificity,positive likelihood ratio,negative likeli-hood ratio,and diagnostic odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval(CI),and plotted a summary receiver operat-ing characteristic curve and evaluated the area under the curve.Results Four studies were included.The pooled diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,positive likelihood ratio,nega-tive likelihood ratio,and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.94(95%CI,0.87‒0.97),0.89(95%CI,0.81‒0.94),8.43(95%CI,4.81‒14.78),0.07(95%CI,0.03‒0.15),and 118.86(95%CI,44.18‒319.75),respectively,with an area under the curve of 0.97(95%CI,0.95‒0.98).Conclusions Computerized bowel sound analysis is a promising tool for IBS.However,limited high-quality data make the results'validity and applicability questionable.There is a need for more diagnostic test accuracy studies and better wearable devices for monitoring and analysis of IBS.

关键词： irritable bowel syndrome bowel sound analysis diagnostic accuracy systematic review meta-analysis

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Cervical cancer prevention in China: where are we now, and what's next?

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第3期21卷 213-217页

作者： Huijiao Yan Qiankun Wang Youlin Qiao School of Population Medicine and Public Health Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBejing 100730China Department of Cancer Epidemiology National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBejing 100021China

Cervical cancer(CC) epidemiology CC, the fourth most frequently diagnosed malignancy in women worldwide, is a major global health challenge, particularly in low-resource regions. Approximately 88.1% of the 604,000 CC new cases occurred in low-and middle-income countries in 2020, and more than 90% of the 342,000 CC deaths occurred in low-and middle-income countries in 2020~1.

关键词： prevention Cervical epidemiology

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Transcriptomic and machine learning analyses identify hub genes of metabolism and host immune response that are associated with the progression of breast capsular contracture

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 427-437页

作者： Yukun Mao Xueying Hou Su Fu Jie Luan Breast Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Center Plastic Surgery HospitalChinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100144China

Capsular contracture is a prevalent and severe complication that affects the post-operative outcomes of patients who receive silicone breast implants.At present,prosthesis replacement is the major treatment for capsular contracture after both breast augmentation procedures and breast reconstruction following breast cancer surgery.However,the mecha-nism(s)underlying breast capsular contracture remains unclear.This study aimed to identify the biological features of breast capsular contracture and reveal the potential underlying mechanism using RNA sequencing.Sample tissues from 12 female patients(15 breast capsules)were divided into low capsular contracture(LCC)and high capsular contracture(HCC)groups based on the Baker grades.Subsequently,41 lipid metabolism-related genes were identified through enrichment analysis,and three of these genes were identified as candidate genes by SVM-RFE and LASSO algorithms.We then compared the proportions of the 22 types of im-mune cells between the LCC and HCC groups using a CIBERSORT analysis and explored the Cor-relation between the candidate hub features and immune cells.Notably,PRKAR2B was positively correlated with the differentially clustered immune cells,which were M1 macro-phages and follicular helper T cells(area under the ROC=0.786).In addition,the expression of PRKAR2B at the mRNA or protein level was lower in the HCC group than in the LCC group.Potential molecular mechanisms were identified based on the expression levels in the high and low PRKAR2B groups.Our findings indicate that PRKAR2B is a novel diagnostic biomarker for breast capsular contracture and might also influence the grade and progression of capsularcontracture.

关键词： Biomarker Breastcapsular contracture Immune infiltration Machinelearning algorithms PRKAR2B

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The prognostic value of collateral circulation in coronary chronic total occlusion underwent percutaneous coronary intervention

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2024年第2期21卷 232-241页

作者： Xiao-Ying HU Wei-Xian YANG Chang-Dong GUAN Li-Hua XIE Ke-Fei DOU Yong-Jian WU Jin-Qing YUAN Jie QIAN Yue-Jin YANG Shu-Bin QIAO Lei SONG Department of Cardiology Fuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases BeijingChina Catheterization Laboratories Fuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina

BACKGROUND The prognostic value of coronary collateral circulation(CC)in patients undergoing chronic total occlusion(CTO)percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)is underdetermined.The purpose of the study was to assess the prognostic value of current two CC grading systems and their association with long-term outcomes in patients with CTO underwent PCI.METHODS We consecutively enrolled patients with single-vessel CTO underwent PCI between January 2010 and December2013.All patients were categorized into well-developed or poor-developed collaterals group according to angiographic Werner's CC(grade 2 vs.grade 0–1)or Rentrop(grade 3 vs.grade 0–2)grading system.The primary endpoint was 5-year cardiac death.RESULTS Of 2452 enrolled patients,the overall technical success rate was 74.1%.Well-developed collaterals were present in686 patients(28.0%)defined by Werner's CC grade 2,and in 1145 patients(46.7%)by Rentrop grade 3.According to Werner's CC grading system,patients with well-developed collaterals had a lower rate of 5-year cardiac death compared with those with poordeveloped collaterals(1.6%vs.3.3%,P=0.02),those with suboptimal recanalization was associated with higher rate of 5-year cardiac death compared with optimal recanalization(4.7%vs.0.8%,P=0.01)and failure patients(4.7%vs.1.6%,P=0.12).However,the similar effect was not shown in Rentrop grading system.CONCLUSIONS In patients with the single-vessel CTO underwent PCI,well-developed collaterals by Werner's CC definition were associated with lower rate of 5-year cardiac death.Werner's CC grading system had a greater prognostic value than Rentrop grading system in patients with CTO underwent PCI.

关键词： coronary collateral occlusion

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Unlocking the potential of amorphous calcium carbonate: A star ascending in the realm of biomedical application

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第2期14卷 602-622页

作者： Han Liu Zhiyang Wen Zihan Liu Yanfang Yang Hongliang Wang Xuejun Xia Jun Ye Yuling Liu State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100050China Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100050China

Calcium-based biomaterials have been intensively studied in the field of drug delivery owing to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability.Calcium-based materials can also deliver contrast agents,which can enhance real-time imaging and exert a Ca^(2+)-interfering therapeutic effect.Based on these characteristics,amorphous calcium carbonate(ACC),as a brunch of calcium-based biomaterials,has the potential to become a widely used biomaterial.Highly functional ACC can be either discovered in natural organisms or obtained by chemical synthesis However,the standalone presence of ACC is unstable in vivo.Additives are required to be used as stabilizers or core-shell structures formed by permeable layers or lipids with modified molecules constructed to maintain the stability of ACC until the ACC carrier reaches its destination.ACC has high chemical instability and can produce biocompatible products when exposed to an acidic condition in vivo,such as Ca^(2+) with an immune-regulating ability and CO_(2) with an imaging-enhancing ability.Owing to these characteristics,ACC has been studied for selfsacrificing templates of carrier construction,targeted delivery of oncology drugs,immunomodulation,tumor imaging,tissue engineering,and calcium supplementation.Emphasis in this paper has been placed on the origin,structural features,and multiple applications of ACC.Meanwhile,ACC faces many challenges in clinical translation,and long-term basic research is required to overcome these challenges.We hope that this study will contribute to future innovative research on ACC.

关键词： Amorphous calcium carbonate Drugdelivery system Nanoparticle Acid sensitivity Water instability,Tumortherapy Tissue engineering Calcium supplement

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Incidence and Mortality of Cancers in Female Genital Organs—China,2022

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China CDC weekly 2024年第10期6卷 195-202,I0003,I0004页

作者： Kexin Sun Bingfeng Han Hongmei Zeng Shaoming Wang Li Li Ru Chen Rongshou Zheng Wenqiang Wei National Central Cancer Registry National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina

Introduction:This study presented the incidence and mortality rates of cancers affecting the female genital organs in China,along with their trends spanning from 2010 to 2018.Methods:700 population-based cancer registries provided relevant cancer incidence and mortality data for the year 2018.Among these,106 registries had continuous monitoring data suitable for trend analysis from 2010 to 2018.We focused specifically on cancers affecting female genital organs(ICD10=C51-C54,C56)and projected their incidences and mortalities in China for 2022 based on data from 2018 and the trends observed from 2010 to 2018.Age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)and mortality rate(ASMR)were calculated using Segi’s world standard population.Results:In 2022,there were an estimated 296,300 new cases and 104,900 deaths from female cancers in China.ASIRs for vulva(C51),vagina(C52),cervix uteri(C53),corpus uteri(C54),and ovary(C56)were 0.32,0.23,13.83,6.84,and 5.68 per 100,000 population.ASIRs for corpus uteri and ovary cancers were higher in urban areas.ASMRs for vulva,vagina,cervix,corpus uteri,and ovary cancers were 0.14,0.08,4.54,1.05,and 2.64 per 100,000 population,respectively.ASMR for ovarian cancer was higher in urban areas.ASIRs and ASMRs for most female genital organ cancers increased from 2010 to 2018,although the rate of increase for vulvar and cervical cancers in rural areas has slowed recently.Conclusions:Tailored cancer prevention and control programs specific to each region are necessary to address the growing disease burden.

关键词： ICD10 mortality organs

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CD87-targeted BiT E and CAR-T cells potently inhibit invasive nonfunctional pituitary adenomas

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Science China Life Sciences 2024年

作者： Yuan Ren Xinjie Bao Ming Feng Bing Xing Wei Lian Yong Yao Renzhi Wang Department of Neurosurgery Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College

Recently, bispecific T-cell engagers(BiTEs) and chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells(CAR-Ts) have been shown to have high therapeutic efficacy in hematological tumors. CD87 is highly expressed in solid tumors with an oncogenic function. To assess their cytotoxic effects on invasive nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas(iNFPAs), we first examined CD87 expression and its effects on the metabolism of iNFPA cells. We generated CD87-specific BiTE and CAR/IL-12 T cells, and their cytotoxic effects on iNFPAs cells and in mouse models were determined. CD87 had high expression in i NFPA tissue and cell samples but was undetected in noncancerous brain samples. CD87×CD3BiTE and CD87 CAR/IL-12 T-cells showed antigenic specificity and exerted satisfactory cytotoxic effects, decreasing tumor cell proliferation in vitro and reducing existing tumors in experimental mice. Overall, the above findings suggest that CD87 is a promising target for the immunotherapeutic management of iNFPAs using anti-CD87 BiTE and CD87-specific CAR/IL-12 T cells.

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Identifying coronary artery bypass grafting patients at high risk for adverse long-term prognosis using serial health-related quality of life assessments

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 2024年第9期137卷 1069-1077页

作者： Wang Juncheng Liu Hanning Yue Chao Yang Limeng Yang Kai Zhao Yan Ren Huan Zhang Ying Zheng Zhe National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China Department of Vascular Surgery Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China Department of Cardiac Surgery Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Wuhan Hubei China

Background: Patients who undergo coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are known to be at a significant risk of experiencing long-term adverse events, emphasizing the importance of regular assessments. Evaluating health-related quality of life (HRQoL) serves as a direct method to gauge prognosis. Our objective is to ascertain the prognostic significance of consecutive HRQoL assessments using the Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) derived from the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) health survey in CABG patients.Methods: The study population consisted of 433 patients who underwent isolated elective CABG at Fuwai Hospital between 2012 and 2013. SF-36 assessments were conducted during both the hospitalization period and follow-up. The primary endpoint of the study was all-cause mortality, while the secondary outcome was a composite measure including death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and repeat revascularization. We assessed the relationships between the PCS and MCS at baseline, as well as their changes during the first 6 months after the surgery (referred to as ΔPCS and ΔMCS, respectively), and the observed outcomes.Results: The patients were followed for an average of 6.28 years, during which 35 individuals (35/433, 8.1%) died. After adjusting for clinical variables, it was observed that baseline MCS scores (hazard ratio [HR] for a 1-standard deviation [SD] decrease, 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–2.30) and ΔMCS (HR for a 1-SD decrease, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.09–2.56) were associated with all-cause mortality. However, baseline PCS scores and ΔPCS did not exhibit a significant relationship with all-cause mortality. Notably, there was a dose-response relationship observed between ΔMCS and the likelihood of all-cause mortality (HRs for the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartiles compared to the 1st quartile, 0.33, 0.45 and 0.11, respectively).Conclusions: Baseline MCS and changes in MCS were independent predictors for long-term mortality of CABG. Better mental health status and recovery indicated better

关键词： Coronary artery bypass grafting Coronary artery disease Prognosis Quality of life Short-Form 36 Risk factor Serial measurements

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Community-based prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2024年第3期21卷 315-322页

作者： Sheng-Shou HU The Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina

The Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China(2022)intricate landscape of cardiovascular health in China.This is the third section of the report with a specific focus on community-based prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases(CVD).This section of the report underscores the importance of initiatives outlined in the"Healthy China 2030 Plan,"emphasizing the comprehensive prevention and control strategy for chronic diseases.A key aspect of this plan involves the establishment of national demonstration areas aimed at comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases.By 2020,488 such areas had been set up across China,surpassing the initial target and covering a significant proportion of counties and districts.The report highlights the successful implementation of these strategies in Lishan district,Anshan city,where demonstration areas for comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases were launched in 2013.Over the course of seven years,the number of healthy units increased substantially,leading to improvements in managing risk factors for CVD among residents.Significant reductions in prevalence rates of overweight,obesity,smoking,passive smoking,and drinking were observed,along with the development of healthier behaviors among residents.Similarly,Qiaokou district in Wuhan City,designated as a national demonstration area in 2014,implemented comprehensive public health promotion initiatives.Notably,special clinics for hypertension intervention were established,contributing to an increase in self-reported rates of hypertension,a slight decrease in prevalence,and a remarkable improvement in the control rate among treated patients.Overall,these efforts underscore the effectiveness of community-based approaches in driving positive health outcomes and advancing the comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases,particularly cardiovascular diseases,in China.

关键词： prevention district treatment

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Electroacupuncture improves cognitive function in a rat model of mild traumatic brain injury by regulating the SIRT-1/PGC-1α/mitochondrial pathway

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Chinese medical Journal 2024年第6期137卷 711-719页

作者： Bo Jin Yemei Gao Yixian Fu Suxin Zhang Ke Zhang Yibing Su Department of Neurosurgery Beijing Jishuitan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100035China Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing Jishuitan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100035China School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029China Department of Cardiology Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Department of Breast Surgical Oncology National Cancer CenterNational Clinical Research Center for CancerCancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China

Background:Mild traumatic brain injury(mTBI)is a common neurological trauma that can lead to cognitive impairment.The sirtuin-1(SIRT-1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α(PGC-1α)pathway has been reported to have neuroprotective effects in rats with craniocerebral injury.We evaluated potential mechanisms underlying electroacupuncture-mediated recovery of cognitive function after mTBI,focusing on the SIRT-1/PGC-1α/mitochondrial pathway.Methods:We included forty 6-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats in this study.Rats were randomly divided into four groups:controlled cortical impactor(CCI,n=10),sham operation(sham,n=10),electroacupuncture-treated CCI(CCI+EA,n=10),and electroacupuncture-treated sham(sham+EA,n=10)group.Randomization was performed by assigning a random number to each rat and using a random number table.The mTBI rat model was established using a controllable cortical impactor.Electroacupuncture therapy was performed on the back of rats,by inserting acupuncture needles to the specific acupoints and setting appropriate parameters for treatment.We evaluated spatial learning and memory functions with the Morris water maze test.We performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),western blotting,adenosine triphosphate(ATP)determination,and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I(MRCC I)determination on rat hippocampal tissue.We analyzed SIRT-1/PGC-1α expression levels and the results of mitochondrial function assays,and compared differences between groups using bilateral Student’s t-tests.Results:Compared with the sham group,SIRT-1/PGC-1α expression was downregulated in the hippocampus of CCI group(P<0.01).Although this expression was upregulated following electroacupuncture,it did not reach the levels observed in the sham group(P<0.05).Compared with the sham group,MRCC I and ATP levels in the CCI group were significantly reduced,and increased after electroacupuncture(P<0.01).In the Morris water maze,electroacupuncture reduced the incubation period of rats and

关键词： Electroacupuncture Cognitive impairment Sirtuin-1 Mild traumatic brain injury SIRT-1/PGC-1α/mitochondrial pathway

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