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Multidimensional Analysis of Social Convergence Within the European Union Countries

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Chinese Business Review 2016年第3期15卷 103-114页

作者： Agnieszka Giodowska cracow university of Economics Cracow Poland

Social convergence is one of the most important objectives for European integration. It is understood as a process of cohesion and assimilation of countries in the area of social development, which is the conditions and standards of living of the citizens of the European countries （EU27）. The aim of the article was to investigate whether there is convergence or divergence in the EU27 area, taking into account multidimensional analysis of social convergence. Methodology used in the article was taxonomic and statistical tool. It allowed applying the synthetic approach to the issue. The time taken into consideration was the period of 2000-2013. The article showed that the area of the EU27 is very diversified in terms of social development. It allows indicating five groups of countries similar to each other due to the level of social development, although the differences among the groups are significant. The analysis of convergence led to the conclusion that the process of ＂catching up＂ occurred until 2007. Then this process has stopped and even divergence trends are visible due to crisis 2008/2009. The period of 2008-2011 revealed the greatest disparities of development among the EU countries.

关键词： social convergence income convergence taxonomic measure of development the European Union

Monetary Model of Exchange Rate Determination： Evidence From the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland

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Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 2014年第1期10卷 97-103页

作者： Victor Shevchuk cracow university of Technology Cracow Poland

Using a monetary model of exchange rate determination that suggests a strong link between the nominal exchange rate and a set of monetary fundamentals, exchange rate dynamics for the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland is studied. As the cointegration relationship among exchange rate, output, and the monetary fundamentals （money supply and interest rate） is found, vector autoregressions （VAR）/vector error-correction （VEC） and two-stage least squares （2SLS） error-correction models are used in this context, since both approaches allow estimating short-run correlations between exchange rates and fundamentals while taking into account the existent long-run exchange rate constraints. Based on the quarterly data for the period of 1998-2012, it is found that for all countries, an increase in the money supply, domestic output slowdown, or stronger growth abroad are factors behind a nominal exchange rate depreciation, just as predicted by the monetary model of exchange rate. However, the effects of domestic-foreign interest rate differential are quite heterogeneous, being in line with theoretical predictions of a standard monetary model for Poland only. According to the decomposition of variance, money supply and interest rates account for 30%-46% of the exchange rate variation in the Czech Republic, from 10% to 14% in Hungary, and from 23% to 42% in Poland.

关键词： monetary model of exchange rate the Czech Republic Hungary' Poland error-correction models

The Way of the Social and Economic Development of China An Attempt of Historical and Synthetic Representation

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Chinese Business Review 2013年第7期12卷 459-468页

作者： Barbara Siuta-Tokarska cracow university of Economics Cracow Poland

The issue of social and economic development is an important part of theoretical and empirical research of the contemporary economy. China is an example of an economy which in a short period of time achieved success within this scope. Therefore it seems to be justified to draw the reader＇s attention to the factors and determinants which may be regarded as the key ones for the economy of China, both in the period of 1949-1978, namely, in the period of real socialism, and in the period after 1978, so-called ＂socialist market economy＂ to date. On the basis of an analysis of Polish and foreign reference sources and source materials, the author tried to trace both similarities and differences in China＇s economic development over those two periods, first of all paying attention to the Chinese authorities＇ pragmatism of governing in the other period, accompanied by limiting ideological influences. Maintaining the socialist system, in that period China worked out its own, specific principles, and rules of internal activities and activities in the international arena, which enabled to it the creation of a model, especially for developing countries, the system of economic planning and programming, its constant modernization during the implementation of economic tasks, with the consideration given to changing conditionings in the world economy. It was pointed out that with maintaining the laboriousness of the Chinese and their loyalty to authority, they make up China＇s economic power. The aim of the article is to pay special attention to the circumstances, phenomena, conditionings, and factors which occurred on the way to the social and economic development of China, which enabled it to achieve the economic success in a relatively short period of time. This success can be expressed by such indicators as for instance the poverty rate, the unemployment rate, gross domestic product, the value of export, and the value of foreign direct investment as well as other factors.

关键词： social and economic development economy of China real socialism socialist market economy

Comparative Balancing of Non-Redox and Redox Electrolytic Systems and Its Consequences

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2013年第10期4卷 46-53页

作者： Anna Maria Michalowska-Kaczmarczyk Tadeusz Michałowski Department of Oncology The University Hospital in CracowCracowPoland Department of Analytical Chemistry Technical University of CracowCracowPoland

In this paper, it is proved that linear combination 2·f(O)?- f(H) of elemental balances: f(O) for O and f(H) for H is linearly independent on charge and elemental/core balances for all redox systems of any degree of complexity;it is the primary form of the Generalized Electron Balance (GEB), , considered as the Approach II to GEB. The Approach II is equivalent to the Approach I based on the principle of common pool of electrons. Both Approaches are illustrated on an example of titration of acidified (H2SO4) solution of H2C2O4 with KMnO4. It is also stated, on an example of titration of the same solution with NaOH, that 2·f(O)?- f(H) is a linear combination of charge and elemental/core balances, i.e. it is not an independent balance when related to the non-redox system. These properties of 2·f(O)?- f(H) can be extended on redox and non-redox systems, of any degree of complexity, i.e. the linear independency/dependency of 2·f(O)?- f(H) on other balances related to a system in question is a criterion distinguishing redox and non-redox systems. The GEB completes the set of (charge and concentration) balances and a set of expressions for independent equilibrium constants needed for modeling the related redox system.

关键词： Electrolytic Systems Redox Systems GEB GATES

Solubility and Dissolution in Terms of Generalized Approach to Electrolytic Systems Principles

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Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation 2015年第4期5卷 47-58页

作者： Anna Maria Michalowska-Kaczmarczyk Tadeusz Michalowski Marcin Toporek Andrzej Pietrzyk Department of Oncology The University Hospital in CracowCracowPoland Department of Analytical Chemistry Technical University of CracowCracowPoland

The correct approach, based on the rules of conservation and detailed physicochemical/thermodynamic knowledge on the system considered is opposed to conventional approach to solubility and dissolution, based on stoichiometry of a reaction notation and on the solubility product (Ksp) of a precipitate. The correct approach is realized according to Generalized Approach to Electrolytic Systems (GATES) principles, with use of iterative programs applied for computational purposes. All the qualitative and quantitative knowledge is involved in the balances and independent expressions for the equilibrium constants. Three two-phase electrolytic systems with diversified chemical properties were selected carefully, from the viewpoint of their diversity. The results of calculations are presented graphically and discussed. The advantages of the GATES in resolution of two-phase (static) non-redox systems and one complex (dynamic) redox system are proved.

关键词： Solubility Dissolution GATES

Solution of Inverse Heat Conduction Problem using the Tikhonov Regulariza-tion Method

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Journal of Thermal Science 2017年第1期26卷 60-65页

作者： Piotr Duda Institute of Thermal Power Engineering Cracow University of Technology al. Jana Pawla Ⅱ 37 31-864 Krak6w Poland

It is hard to solve ill-posed problems, as calculated temperatures are very sensitive to errors made while calculating "measured" temperatures or performing real-time measurements. The errors can create temperature oscillation, which can be the cause of an unstable solution. In order to overcome such difficulties, a variety of techniques have been proposed in literature, including regularization, future time steps and smoothing digital filters. In this paper, the Tikhonov regularization is applied to stabilize the solution of the inverse heat conduction problem. The impact on the inverse solution stability and accuracy is demonstrated.

关键词： inverse problems, heat conduction, identification

General Relation Valid for Electrolytic Systems

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Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation 2015年第4期5卷 74-85页

作者： Anna Maria Michalowska-Kaczmarczyk Tadeusz Michalowski Department of Oncology The University Hospital in CracowCracowPoland Department of Analytical Chemistry Technical University of CracowCracowPoland

A simple general relation P = Q + R + 1 between the number P of kinds of species, the number Q of charge and elemental/core balances and the number R of independent equilibrium constants is deduced, and its validity i... 详细信息

关键词： Electrolytic Systems Species Balances Equilibrium Constants

Application of the Fictitious Domain Method for Navier-Stokes Equations

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 2035-2055页

作者： Almas Temirbekov Zhadra Zhaksylykova Yerzhan Malgazhdarov Syrym Kasenov Al-Farabi Kazakh National university AlmatyKazakhstan Abai Kazakh National pedagogical university AlmatyKazakhstan Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan university Ust-KamenogorskKazakhstan

To apply the fictitious domain method and conduct numericalexperiments, a boundary value problem for an ordinary differential equation is considered. The results of numerical calculations for different valuesof the iterative parameter τ and the small parameter ε are presented. Astudy of the auxiliary problem of the fictitious domain method for NavierStokes equations with continuation into a fictitious subdomain by highercoefficients with a small parameter is carried out. A generalized solutionof the auxiliary problem of the fictitious domain method with continuationby higher coefficients with a small parameter is determined. After all theabove mathematical studies, a computational algorithm has been developedfor the numerical solution of the problem. Two methods were used to solvethe problem numerically. The first variant is the fictitious domain methodassociated with the modification of nonlinear terms in a fictitious *** model problem shows the effectiveness of using such a modification. Theproposed version of the method is used to solve two problems at once that arisewhile numerically solving systems of Navier-Stokes equations: the problem ofa curved boundary of an arbitrary domain and the problem of absence of aboundary condition for pressure in physical formulation of the internal flowproblem. The main advantage of this method is its universality in developmentof computer programs. The second method used calculation on a uniform gridinside the area. When numerically implementing the solution on a uniformgrid inside the domain, using this method it’s possible to accurately take intoaccount the boundaries of the curved domain and ensure the accuracy of thevalue of the function at the boundaries of the domain. Methodical calculationswere carried out, the results of numerical calculations were obtained. Whenconducting numerical experiments in both cases, quantitative and qualitativeindicators of numerical results coincide.

关键词： Fictitious domain method Navier-Stokes equations difference schemes approximation computational algorithm numerical experiment

Simplex Optimization and Its Applicability for Solving Analytical Problems

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2014年第7期2卷 723-736页

作者： Anna Maria Michalowska-Kaczmarczyk Tadeusz Michalowski Department of Oncology The University Hospital in CracowCracowPoland Faculty of Engineering and Chemical Technology Cracow University of TechnologyCracowPoland

Formulation of the simplex matrix referred to n-D space, is presented in terms of the scalar product of vectors, known from elementary algebra. The principles of a simplex optimization procedure are presented on a simple example, with use of a target function taken as a criterion of optimization, where accuracy and precision are treated equally in searching optimal conditions of a gravimetric analysis.

关键词： Simplex Simplex Optimization Procedure