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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 150-158页

作者： Kun Li Jun Zhang David M.Bell Tiantian Wang Houssni Lamkaddam Tianqu Cui Lu Qi Mihnea Surdu Dongyu Wang Lin Du Imad El Haddad Jay G.Slowik Andre S.H.Prevot Environment Research institute Shandong University Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute

Organic vapors from biomass burning are a major source of secondary organic aerosols(SOAs). Previous smog chamber studies found that the SOA contributors in biomass-burning emissions are mainly volatile organic compounds(VOCs). While intermediate volatility organic compounds(IVOCs) are efficient SOA precursors and contribute a considerable fraction of biomass-burning emissions, their contribution to SOA formation has not been directly observed. Here, by deploying a newly-developed oxidation flow reactor to study SOA formation from wood burning, we find that IVOCs can contribute ～70% of the formed SOA, i.e.>2 times more than VOCs. This previously missing SOA fraction is interpreted to be due to the high wall losses of semi-volatile oxidation products of IVOCs in smog chambers. The finding in this study reveals that SOA production from biomass burning is much higher than previously thought, and highlights the urgent need for more research on the IVOCs from biomass burning and potentially other emission sources.

关键词： atmospheric chemistry biomass burning secondary organic aerosol intermediate volatility organic compounds

Generation of millijoule-level sub-5 fs violet laser pulses

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 33-40页

作者： Xinhua Xie Yi Hung Yunpei Deng Adrian L.Cavalieri Andrius Baltuška Steven L.Johnson SwissFEL Paul Scherrer InstituteVilligen PSISwitzerland Photonics institute Technische Universität WienViennaAustria institute of Applied Physics University of BernBernSwitzerland institute for Quantum Electronics Physics DepartmentETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland

We demonstrate the generation,spectral broadening and post-compression of second harmonic pulses using a thin beta barium borate(BBO)crystal on a fused-silica substrate as the nonlinear interaction *** combining second harmonic generation in the BBO crystal with self-phase modulation in the fused-silica substrate,we efficiently generate millijoule-level broadband violet pulses from a single optical *** second harmonic spectrum covers a range from long wave ultraviolet(down to 310 nm)to visible(up to 550 nm)with a bandwidth of 65 ***,we compress the second harmonic beam to a duration of 4.8 fs with a pulse energy of 0.64 mJ(5 fs with a pulse energy of 1.05 mJ)using chirped *** all-solid free-space apparatus is compact,robust and pulse energy scalable,making it highly advantageous for generating intense second harmonic pulses from near-infrared femtosecond lasers in the sub-5 fs regime.

关键词： post-compression second harmonic generation self-phase modulation supercontinuum generation

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Hyper spectral resolution stimulated Raman spectroscopy with amplified fs pulse bursts

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第3期13卷 566-576页

作者： Hongtao Hu Tobias Flöry Vinzenz Stummer Audrius Pugzlys Markus Zeiler Xinhua Xie Aleksei Zheltikov Andrius Baltuška Photonics institute Technische Universität WienGußhausstraße 27-29Vienna A-1040Austria SwissFEL Paul Scherrer InstituteVilligen PSI 5232Switzerland institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Department of Physics and AstronomyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

We present a novel approach for Stimulated Raman Scattering(SRS)spectroscopy in which a hyper spectral resolution and high-speed spectral acquisition are achieved by employing amplified offset-phase controlled fs-pulse *** investigate the method by solving the coupled non-linear Schrödinger equations and validate it by numerically characterizing SRS in molecular nitrogen as a model *** spectral resolution of the method is found to be determined by the inverse product of the number of pulses in the burst and the intraburst pulse *** SRS spectrum is obtained through a motion-free scanning of the offset phase that results in a sweep of the Raman-shift *** to high spectral resolution and fast motion-free scanning the technique is beneficial for a number SRS-based applications such as gas sensing and chemical analysis.

关键词： compound spectral resolution

Advancing oxygen separation:insights from experimental and computational analysis of La_(0.7)Ca_(0.3)Co_(0.3)Fe_(0.6)M_(0.1)O_(3-δ)(M=Cu,Zn)oxygen transport membranes

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第6期18卷 17-29页

作者： Guoxing Chen Wenmei Liu Marc Widenmeyer Xiao Yu Zhijun Zhao Songhak Yoon Ruijuan Yan Wenjie Xie Armin Feldhoff Gert Homm Emanuel Ionescu Maria Fyta Anke Weidenkaff Fraunhofer Research Institution for Materials Recycling and Resource Strategies IWKS Alzenau 63755Germany Electrochemistry Laboratory Paul Scherrer InstituteVilligen PSI 5232Switzerland Department of Materials and Earth Sciences Materials and ResourcesTechnical University of DarmstadtDarmstadt 64287Germany institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Leibniz University HannoverHannover 30167Germany institute for Computational Physics University of StuttgartStuttgart 70569Germany Computational Biotechnology RWTH AachenAachen 52074Germany

In this study,perovskite-type La_(0.7)Ca_(0.3)Co_(0.3)Fe_(0.6)M_(0.1)O_(3-δ)(M=Cu,Zn)powders were synthesized using a scalable reverse co-precipitation method,presenting them as novel materials for oxygen transport *** comprehensive study covered various aspects including oxygen permeability,crystal structure,conductivity,morphology,CO_(2) tolerance,and long-term regenerative durability with a focus on phase structure and *** membrane La_(0.7)Ca_(0.3)Co_(0.3)Fe_(0.6)M_(0.1)O_(3-δ)exhibited high oxygen permeation fluxes,reaching up to 0.88 and 0.64 mL·min^(−1)·cm^(−2) under air/He and air/CO_(2) gradients at 1173 K,*** 1600 h of CO_(2) exposure,the perovskite structure remained intact,showcasing superior CO_(2) resistance.A combination of first principles simulations and experimental measurements was employed to deepen the understanding of Cu/Zn substitution effects on the structure,oxygen vacancy formation,and transport behavior of the *** findings underscore the potential of this highly CO_(2)-tolerant membrane for applications in high-temperature oxygen *** enhanced insights into the oxygen transport mechanism contribute to the advancement of next-generation membrane materials.

关键词： perovskite oxygen permeation membrane oxygennionsdiffusiono xygen vacancy formation energy energy barrier

Demonstrating grating-based phase-contrast imaging of laser-driven shock waves

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 90-97页

作者： Leonard Wegert Stephan Schreiner Constantin Rauch Bruno Albertazzi paulina Bleuel Eric Frojdh Michel Koenig Veronika Ludwig Artem SMartynenko Pascal Meyer Aldo Mozzanica Michael Müller paul Neumayer Markus Schneider Angelos Triantafyllidis Bernhard Zielbauer Gisela Anton Thilo Michel Stefan Funk Plasma Physics Department GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur SchwerionenforschungPlanckstraBe 164291 DarmstadtGermany Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics(ECAP) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NurnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-StraBe 291058 ErlangenGermany LULI-CNRS CEASorbonne UniversitésEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisF-91120 Palaiseau CedexFrance paul scherrer Institut(Psi) Forschungsstrasse 1115232VilligenSwitzerland Karlsruhe institute of Technology Institute of Microstructure TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany

Single-shot X-ray phase-contrast imaging is used to take high-resolution images of laser-driven strong shock *** a two-grating Talbot interferometer,we successfully acquire standard absorption,differential phase-contrast,and dark-field images of the shocked *** agreement is demonstrated between experimental data and the results of two-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics simulations of the laser-plasma *** main sources of image noise are identified through a thorough assessment of the interferometer’s *** acquired images demonstrate that grating-based phase-contrast imaging is a powerful diagnostic tool for high-energy-density *** addition,we make a novel attempt at using the dark-field image as a signal modality of Talbot interferometry to identify the microstructure of a foam target.

关键词： interaction. shock phase

用于先进光刻的混金属钛锆氧簇光刻胶（英文）

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Science China Materials 2024年

作者：乔洋史广月张鸥李尤 Michaela Vockenhuber Yasin Ekinci 罗锋张磊 School of Materials Science and Engineering Nankai University paul scherrer institute Laboratory for Micro and Nanotechnology institute of Modern Optics College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering Nankai University

极紫外光刻（EUVL）和电子束光刻（EBL）被认为是制造纳米级半导体器件的关键光刻技术.然而,随着业界对分辨率、灵敏度和粗糙度等方面的要求日益提升,开发符合产业界需要的极紫外光刻胶仍面临着挑战.近年来,金属氧簇光刻胶因其对极紫外...

极紫外光刻（EUVL）和电子束光刻（EBL）被认为是制造纳米级半导体器件的关键光刻技术.然而,随着业界对分辨率、灵敏度和粗糙度等方面的要求日益提升,开发符合产业界需要的极紫外光刻胶仍面临着挑战.近年来,金属氧簇光刻胶因其对极紫外光的高吸收截面和纳米级均一尺寸,在EUV光刻领域引起了广泛关注.在本研究中,我们采用混金属策略合成了四种钛锆氧簇光刻胶,并详细研究了它们的溶解性、显影剂的选择、电子束和极紫外光刻性能、复杂图案转移能力以及相比硅的蚀刻选择性.研究结果表明, R-4光刻胶在低剂量电子束下可实现25 nm的特征尺寸,而在EUV光刻测试中, 19.7 mJ cm-2的灵敏度即可获得50 nm的分辨率.本研究提出了一种通过混金属策略优化金属氧簇光刻胶性能的方法,为下一代商用EUV光刻胶的开发提供了新的思路.

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Oxidized organic molecules in the tropical free troposphere over Amazonia

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 174-184页

作者： Qiaozhi Zha Diego Aliaga Radovan Krejci Victoria A.Sinclair Cheng Wu Giancarlo Ciarelli Wiebke Scholz Liine Heikkinen Eva Partoll Yvette Gramlich Wei Huang Markus Leiminger Joonas Enroth Otso Per?kyl? Runlong Cai Xuemeng Chen Alkuin Maximilian Koenig Fernando Velarde Isabel Moreno Tuukka Pet?j? paulo Artaxo Paolo Laj Armin Hansel Samara Carbone Markku Kulmala Marcos Andrade Douglas Worsnop Claudia Mohr Federico Bianchi Agrarian Sciences institute Federal University of Uberl?ndia Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Maryland Aerodyne Research Inc. Department of Environmental System Science ETH Zürich Switzerland and Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics University of Helsinki Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences Nanjing University Department of Environmental Science & Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm University Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg institute for Ion and Applied Physics University of Innsbruck Ionicon Analytik GmbH Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics Institute for Physics Research Universidad Mayor de San Andrés institute of Physics University of Sao Paulo institute for Geosciences and Environmental Research (IGE) University of Grenoble Alpes

New particle formation(NPF) in the tropical free troposphere(FT) is a globally important source of cloud condensation nuclei, affecting cloud properties and climate. Oxidized organic molecules(OOMs)produced from biogenic volatile organic compounds are believed to contribute to aerosol formation in the tropical FT, but without direct chemical observations. We performed in situ molecular-level OOMs measurements at the Bolivian station Chacaltaya at 5240 m above sea level, on the western edge of Amazonia. For the first time, we demonstrate the presence of OOMs, mainly with 4–5 carbon atoms, in both gas-phase and particle-phase(in terms of mass contribution) measurements in tropical FT air from Amazonia. These observations, combined with air mass history analyses, indicate that the observed OOMs are linked to isoprene emitted from the rainforests hundreds of kilometers away. Based on particle-phase measurements, we find that these compounds can contribute to NPF, at least the growth of newly formed nanoparticles, in the tropical FT on a continental scale. Thus, our study is a fundamental and significant step in understanding the aerosol formation process in the tropical FT.

关键词： oxidized organic molecules tropical aerosol formation Amazon free troposphere

Model-driven CT reconstruction algorithm for nano-resolution x-ray phase contrast imaging

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第7期33卷 646-650页

作者：谭雨航蔡学宝杨杰成苏婷郑海荣梁栋朱佩平葛永帅 Research Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China institute of Electronic Paper Displays South China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China paul C Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The low-density imaging performance of a zone plate-based nano-resolution hard x-ray computed tomography(CT)system can be significantly improved by incorporating a grating-based Lau interferometer. Due to the diffraction, however,the acquired nano-resolution phase signal may suffer splitting problem, which impedes the direct reconstruction of phase contrast CT(nPCT) images. To overcome, a new model-driven nPCT image reconstruction algorithm is developed in this study. In it, the diffraction procedure is mathematically modeled into a matrix B, from which the projections without signal splitting can be generated invertedly. Furthermore, a penalized weighted least-square model with total variation(PWLSTV) is employed to denoise these projections, from which nPCT images with high accuracy are directly *** experiments demonstrate that this new algorithm is able to work with phase projections having any splitting distances. Moreover, results also reveal that nPCT images of higher signal-to-noise-ratio(SNR) could be reconstructed from projections having larger splitting distances. In summary, a novel model-driven nPCT image reconstruction algorithm with high accuracy and robustness is verified for the Lau interferometer-based hard x-ray nano-resolution phase contrast imaging.

关键词： splitting phase image reconstruction algorithm grating interferometer

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Long radial coherence of electron temperature fluctuations in non-local transport in HL-2A plasmas

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第2期33卷 413-420页

作者：石中兵方凯锐李景春邹晓岚卢兆旸闻杰王占辉丁玄同陈伟杨曾辰蒋敏季小全佟瑞海李永高施陪万钟武律许敏 Southwestern institute of Physics Chengdu 610041China Department of Earth and Space Sciences Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nuclear and Radiation Safety College of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China CEA IRFMSaint-Paul-lez-Durance 13108France

The dynamics of long-wavelength(kθ<1.4 cm^(-1)),broadband(20 kHz–200 kHz)electron temperature fluctuations(Te/Te)of plasmas in gas-puff experiments are observed for the first time in HL-2A *** a relatively low density(ne(0)■0.91×10^(19)m^(-3)–1.20×10^(19)m^(-3))scenario,after gas-puffing the core temperature increases and the edge temperature *** the contrary,temperature fluctuation drops at the core and increases at the *** show the non-local emergence is accompanied with a long radial coherent length of turbulent *** in a higher density(ne(0)?1.83×10^(19)m^(-3)–2.02×10^(19)m^(-3))scenario,the phenomena are not ***,compelling evidence indicates that E×B shear serves as a substantial contributor to this extensive radial *** finding offers a direct explanatory link to the intriguing core-heating phenomenon witnessed within the realm of non-local transport.

关键词： nuclear fusion non-local transport tokamak gas-puffing

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青藏高原冰芯记录揭示早-中全新世发生多次融水事件

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Science Bulletin 2024年第3期69卷 375-381页

作者：庞洪喜张王滨吴霜叶 Theo M.Jenk Margit Schwikowski 侯书贵 Key Laboratory of Coast and Island Development of Ministry of Education School of Geography and Ocean ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Oceanography Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences University of DaytonDayton OH 45469USA Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry Paul Scherrer InstituteVilligen PSI 5232Switzerland Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research University of BernBern 3012Switzerland Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

Understanding the impact of meltwater discharge during the final stage of the Laurentide Ice Sheet(LIS)has important implications for predicting sea level rise and climate *** we present a highresolution ice-core isotopic record from the central Tibetan Plateau(TP),where the climate is sensitive to the meltwater forcing,and explore possible signals of the climate response to potential LIS meltwater discharges in the early to *** record shows four abrupt large fluctuations during the 7–9 ka BP(kiloannum before present),reflecting large shifts of the mid-latitude westerlies and the Indian summer monsoon(ISM)over this period,and they corresponded to possible LIS freshwater events documented in other paleoclimate *** study suggests that multiple rapid meltwater discharge events might have occurred during the final stage of *** finding implies the possibility of rapid sea level rise and unstable climate in the transition zone between the mid-latitude westerlies and the ISM due to fast polar ice retreat under the anthropogenic global warming.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Ice core Water isotopes Meltwater events Abrupt climate change