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Atomistic study on the microscopic mechanism of grain boundary embrittlement induced by small dense helium bubbles in iron

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Nuclear science and Techniques 2024年第3期35卷 84-95页

作者： Lei Peng Yong-Jie Sun Jing-Yi Shi Yi-Fei Liu Shang-Ming Chen Liu-Liu Li State Key laboratory of particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of Nuclear science and technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China science and technology on Reactor System Design technology laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of ChinaChengdu 610213China

The helium bubbles induced by 14 MeV neutron irradiation can cause intergranular fractures in reduced activation ferritic martensitic steel,which is a candidate structural material for fusion *** order to elucidate the susceptibility of different grain boundaries(GBs)to helium-induced embrittlement,the tensile fracture processes of 10 types of GBs with and without helium bubbles in body-centered cubic(bcc)iron at the relevant service temperature of 600 K were investigated via molecular dynamics *** results indicate that in the absence of helium bubbles,the GBs studied here can be classified into two distinct categories:brittle GBs and ductile *** atomic scale analysis shows that the plastic deformation of ductile GB at high temperatures originates from complex plastic deformation mechanisms,including the Bain/Burgers path phase transition and deformation twinning,in which the Bain path phase transition is the most dominant plastic deformation ***,the presence of helium bubbles severely inhibits the plastic deformation channels of the GBs,resulting in a significant decrease in elongation at *** bubble-decorated GBs,the ultimate tensile strength increases with the increase in the misorientation ***,the coherent twin boundary∑3{112}was found to maintain relatively high fracture strength and maximum failure strain under the influence of helium bubbles.

关键词： Helium bubble Grain boundary Embrittlement Reduced activation ferritic martensitic steel Molecular dynamics Bain path

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Theoretical investigations of population trapping phenomena in atomic four-color,three-step photoionization scheme

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第3期33卷 333-340页

作者：卢肖勇孙亚鹏 science and technology on particle Transport and Separation laboratory Tianjin 300180China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The four-color three-step selective photoionization process of atom is very important in laser isotope separation *** population trapping phenomena and their influences are studied theoretically in monochromatic and non-monochromatic laser fields based on the density matrix theory in this *** evolutions of the photoionization properties of the four-color,three-step process are *** population trapping effects occur intensely in monochromatic excitation,while it gradually turns weak as the laser bandwidth *** effects of bandwidth,Rabi frequency,time delay,and frequency detuning on the population trapping effect are investigated in monochromatic and non-monochromatic laser *** effects of laser process parameters and atomic parameters on the effective selective photoionization are also *** ionization probability and selectivity factors,as evaluation indexes,are difficult to improve synchronously by adjusting systematic ***,the existence of metastable state may play a negative role when its population is low enough.

关键词： population trapping metastable state selective photoionization laser bandwidth

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FPGA-based position reconstruction method for neutron beam flux spatial distribution measurement in BNCT

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Nuclear science and Techniques 2024年第3期35卷 96-108页

作者： Wei Jiang Ping Cao Yi-Ming Wu Xian-Ke Liu Zhu-Jun Fang Zhi-Yong Zhang Bin Shi Jun Chen State Key laboratory of particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of Nuclear science and technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China National Key laboratory for Metrology and Calibration Techniques China Institute of Atomic EnergyBeijing 102413China

A new measurement method for the spatial distribution of neutron beam flux in boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT)is being developed based on the two-dimensional Micromegas *** address the issue of long processing times in traditional offline position reconstruction methods,this paper proposes a field programmable gate array based online position reconstruction method utilizing the micro-time projection chamber *** method encapsulates key technical aspects:a self-adaptive serial link technique built upon the dynamical adjustment of the delay chain length,fast sorting,a coordinate-matching technique based on the mapping between signal timestamps and random access memory(RAM)addresses,and a precise start point-merging technique utilizing a circular combined *** performance test of the selfadaptive serial link shows that the bit error rate of the link is better than 10-12 at a confidence level of 99%,ensuring reliable data *** experiment utilizing the readout electronics and Micromegas detector shows a spatial resolution of approximately 1.4 mm,surpassing the current method’s resolution level of 5 *** beam experiment confirms that the readout electronics system can obtain the flux spatial distribution of neutron beams online,thus validating the feasibility of the position reconstruction *** online position reconstruction method avoids traditional methods,such as bubble sorting and traversal searching,simplifies the design of the logic firmware,and reduces the time complexity from O(n2)to O(n).This study contributes to the advancement in measuring neutron beam flux for BNCT.

关键词： Position reconstruction FPGA Readout electronics Neutron flux spatial distribution

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Application of Optical Hydrogels in Environmental Sensing

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第3期7卷 315-340页

作者： Shuo Yang Shruti Sarkar Xing Xie Dan Li Jianmin Chen Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3) Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan University School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology

The ever-increasing complexity of environmental pollutants urgently warrants the development of new detection *** based on the optical properties of hydrogels enabling fast and easy in situ detection are attracting increasing *** this paper,the data from 138 papers about different optical hydrogels (OHs) are extracted for statistical *** detection performance and potential of various types of OHs in different environmental pollutant detection scenarios were evaluated and compared to those obtained using the standard detection *** on this analysis,the target recognition and sensing mechanisms of two main types of OHs are reviewed and discussed:photonic crystal hydrogels (PCHs) and fluorescent hydrogels (FHs).For PCHs,the environmental stimulus response,target receptors,inverse opal structures,and molecular imprinting techniques related to PCHs are reviewed and ***,the different types of fluorophores (i.e.,compound probes,biomacromolecules,quantum dots,and luminescent microbes) of FHs are ***,the potential academic research directions to address the challenges of applying and developing OHs in environmental sensing are proposed,including the fusion of various OHs,introduction of the latest technologies in various fields to the construction of OHs,and development of multifunctional sensor arrays.

关键词： environmental sensors fluorescent hydrogel optical hydrogel photonic crystal hydrogel pollution detection

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Grain boundary engineering for enhancing intergranular damage resistance of ferritic/martensitic steel P92

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Nuclear science and Techniques 2024年第5期35卷 186-199页

作者： Lei Peng Shang-Ming Chen Jing-Yi Shi Yong-Jie Sun Yi-Fei Liu Yin-Zhong Shen Hong-Ya He Hui-Juan Wang Jie Tian State Key laboratory of particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of Nuclear science and technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China School of Materials Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science333 Long Teng RoadShanghai 201620China Experimental Center of Engineering and Material science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Ferritic/martensitic(F/M)steel is widely used as a structural material in thermal and nuclear power ***,it is susceptible to intergranular damage,which is a critical issue,under service *** this study,to improve the resistance to intergranular damage of F/M steel,a thermomechanical process(TMP)was employed to achieve a grain boundary engineering(GBE)microstructure in F/M steel *** TMP,including cold-rolling thickness reduction of 6%,9%,and 12%,followed by austenitization at 1323 K for 40 min and tempering at 1053 K for 45 min,was applied to the as-received(AR)P92 *** prior austenite grain(PAG)size,prior austenite grain boundary character distribution(GBCD),and connectivity of prior austenite grain boundaries(PAGBs)were *** to the AR specimen,the PAG size did not change *** fraction of coincident site lattice boundaries(CSLBs,3≤Σ≤29)and Σ3^(n) boundaries along PAGBs decreased with increasing reduction ratio because the recrystallization fraction increased with increasing reduction *** PAGB connectivity of the 6%deformed specimen slightly deteriorated compared with that of the AR ***,potentiodynamic polarization studies revealed that the intergranular damage resistance of the studied steel could be improved by increasing the fraction of CSLBs along the PAGBs,indicating that the TMP,which involves low deformation,could enhance the intergranular damage resistance.

关键词： Grain boundary engineering Ferritic/martensitic steel Prior austenite grain boundary character distribution Grain boundary connectivity Intergranular damage resistance

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Revisiting the spin effects induced by thermal vorticity

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第5期48卷 194-208页

作者：高建华杨诗正 Shandong Key laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment School of Space Science and PhysicsShandong UniversityWeihai 264209China Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary science Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation(MOE)Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China

We revisit the spin effects induced by thermal vorticity by calculating them directly from the spin-dependent distribution *** spin-1/2 particles,we provide the polarization up to the first order of thermal vorticity and compare it with the usual results calculated from the spin *** spin-1 particles,we show that all the non-diagonal elements vanish and there is no spin alignment up to the first order of thermal *** present the spin alignment at second-order contribution from thermal *** also show that the spin effects for both Dirac and vector particles receive an extra contribution when the spin direction is associated with the momentum of the particle.

关键词： relativistic heavy ion collisions global polarization quark gluon plasma

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Low-temperature graphitization of lignin via Co-assisted electrolysis in molten salt

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第9期9卷 1449-1458页

作者： Shijie Li Wei-Li Song Xue Han Qingqing Cui Yan-li Zhu Shuqiang Jiao Institute of Advanced Structure technology Beijing Institute of Technology State Key laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Beijing State Key laboratory of Explosion science and technology Beijing Institute of Technology

The ever-growing energy demand and environmental issues have stimulated the development of sustainable energy ***,an efficient and environmentally friendly electrochemical transformation technology was proposed to prepare highly graphitized carbon materials from an abundant natural resource-lignin （LG）.The preparation process mainly includes pyrolytic carbonization of raw LG material and electrochemical conversion of amorphous carbon ***,with the assistance of Co catalyst,the graphitization degree of the products was significantly improved,in which the mechanism was the removal of heteroatoms in LG and the rearrangement of carbon atoms into graphite ***,tunable microstructures （nanoflakes） under catalytic effects could also be observed by controlling the electrolytic *** with the products CN1 （without catalyst） and CN5 （with 10%catalyst）,the specific surface area are 158.957 and202.246 m2g-1,*** used as the electrode material for lithium-ion batteries,CN5 delivered a competitive specific capacity of～350 m Ah g-1（0.5 C） compared with commercial *** strategy proposed in this work provides an effective way to extract value-added graphite materials from lignin and can be extended to the graphitization conversion of any other amorphous carbon precursor materials.

关键词： Lignin Graphitic carbon Electrochemical conversion Lithium-ion batteries

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Encoding innumerable charge density waves of FeGe into polymorphs of LiFe_(6)Ge_(6)

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science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第9期67卷 126-132页

作者： Yilin Wang School of Emerging technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Hefei National laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230088China New Cornerstone science laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Kagome metals exhibit rich quantum states by the intertwining of lattice,charge,orbital and spin degrees of ***,a novel charge density wave(CDW)ground state was discovered in kagome magnet FeGe and was revealed to be driven by lowering magnetic energy via large ***,based on DFTcalculations,we show that such mechanism will yield infinitely many metastable CDWs in FeGe due to different ways to arrange the Ge1-dimerization in enlarged ***,utilizing these metastable CDWs,innumerable polymorphs of kagome magnet LiFe_(6)Ge_(6) can be stabilized by filling Li atoms in the voids right above/below the dimerized Ge1-sites in the CDW *** polymorphs are very stable due to the presence of magnetic-energy-saving mechanism,in sharp contrast to the non-magnetic“166”kagome *** this way,a one-to-one mapping of the metastable CDWs of FeGe to stable polymorphs of LiFe_(6)Ge_(6) is *** one hand,the fingerprints of these metastable CDWs,i.e.,the induced in-plane atomic distortions and band gaps,are encoded into the corresponding stable polymorphs of LiFe_(6)Ge_(6),such that further study of their properties becomes *** the other hand,such innumerable polymorphs of LiFe_(6)Ge_(6) offer great degrees of freedom to explore the rich physics of magnetic kagome *** thus reveal a novel connection between the unusually abundant CDWs and structural polymorphism in magnetic kagome materials,and establish a new route to obtain structural polymorphism on top of CDW states.

关键词： kagome magnet unconventional charge density wave structural polymorphism magnetic energy saving

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Optimized online filter stack spectrometer for ultrashort X-ray pulses

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Nuclear science and Techniques 2024年第5期35卷 85-98页

作者： Jia-Xing Wen Ge Ma Ming-Hai Yu Yu-Chi Wu Yong-Hong Yan Shao-Yi Wang Huai-Zhong Gao Lu-Shan Wang Yu-Gang Zhou Qiang Li Yue Yang Fang Tan Xiao-Hui Zhang Jie Zhang Wen-Bo Mo Jing-Qin Su Wei-Min Zhou Yu-Qiu Gu Ming Zeng Zong-Qing Zhao science and technology on Plasma Physics laboratory Laser Fusion Research CenterCAEPMianyang 621900China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key laboratory of particle and Radiation Imaging(Tsinghua University) Ministry of EducationBeijing 100084China School of Information Engineering Southwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang 621010China

Currently,with the advent of high-repetition-rate laser-plasma experiments,the demand for online diagnosis for the X-ray spectrum is increasing because the laser-plasma-generated X-ray spectrum is very important for characterizing electron dynamics and *** this study,scintillators and silicon PIN(P-type–intrinsic-N-type semiconductor)diodes were used to construct a wideband online filter stack *** X-ray sensor and filter arrangement was optimized using a genetic algorithm to minimize the condition number of the response ***,the unfolding error was significantly reduced based on numerical *** detector responses were quantitatively calibrated by irradiating the scintillator and PIN diode with various nuclides and comparing the measuredγ-ray peaks.A prototype 15-channel spectrometer was developed by integrating an X-ray detector with front-and back-end *** prototype spectrometer could record X-ray pulse signals at a repetition rate of 1 ***,an optimized spectrometer was employed to record the real-time spectra of laser-driven bremsstrahlung *** optimized spectrometer offers a compact solution for spectrum diagnostics of ultrashort X-ray pulses,exhibiting improved accuracy in terms of spectrum measurements and repetition rates,and could be widely used in next-generation high-repetition-rate high-power laser facilities.

关键词： Filter stack spectrometer Laser plasma diagnostics X-ray diagnostics Scintillator PIN diode

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Atomic-resolution Interfacial Microstructure and Thermo-electro-magnetic Energy Conversion Performance of Gd/Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 Composites

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第4期7卷 355-363页

作者： Chengshan Liu Wenjie Xu Ping Wei Shaoqiu Ke Wenjun Cui Longzhou Li Dong Liang Xianfeng Ye Tiantian Chen Xiaolei Nie Wanting Zhu Wenyu Zhao Qingjie Zhang State Key laboratory of Advanced technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Foshan Xianhu laboratory of the Advanced Energy science and technology Guangdong laboratory

Thermo-electro-magnetic materials with simultaneously large magnetocaloric(MC) and thermoelectric (TE) effects are the core part for designing TE/MC all-solid-state cooling *** MC phase with TE material is an effective ***,the elemental diffusion and chemical reaction occurring at the two-phase interfaces could significantly impair the cooling performance.

关键词： interfacial reaction magnetocaloric performance thermoelectric performance thermo-electro-magnetic materials

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