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Detour for the inexperienced? Migration count data suggest mostly juvenile Greater Spotted Eagles appear in coastal peninsulas in China

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 249-254页

作者： Xu Shi Xiaoping Wang Qian Wei Qiwei Lin Lei Zhu School of the Environment The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072AustraliaAustralia Centre for Ecology and Conservation and Environment and Sustainability InstituteUniversity of ExeterPenrynCornwallTR109FEUK Guangxi Biodiversity Research and Conservation Association Nanning530022China Snake Island Laotieshan National Nature Reserve Dalian116041China Chongqing birdwatching society Chongqing400054China Huqiu Rd Gusu DistrictSuzhou215008China Raptor Research Group of Chengdu Chengdu610000China Guangxi Academy of Marine Science Nanning530007China

Soaring bird migration often relies on suitable terrain and airflow;therefore,route selection is vital for successful migration.While age and experience have been identified as key factor influencing migration route selection among soaring raptors in the African-Eurasian Flyway,how they shape the migration route of soaring raptors in East Asia is still largely unknown.In this study,we investigated potential variations in the routes and timing in autumn migration of juvenile and older soaring birds,using count data of Greater Spotted Eagles(Clanga clanga)from two coastal sites and two inland sites in China.From 2020 to 2023,we recorded a total of 340 individuals,with the highest site averaging over 90 individuals per autumn,making it one of the world’s top single-season counts and thus a globally important site for this species.We found that 82% and 61% records from coastal sites were juveniles,significantly higher than inland sites(15% and 24%).Juveniles at all four sites exhibited markedly earlier median passage time than non-juveniles,with brief overlapping in their main migration periods.Both coastal sites are located on the tip of peninsulas stretching southwest,requiring long overwater flights if crossing the Bohai Bay or Beibu Gulf,which would be energetically demanding and increase mortality risk.Experienced individuals may have learned to avoid such terrain and subsequent detour,while juveniles are more prone to enter these peninsulas due to lack of experience and opportunities for social learning,or following other raptor species that are more capable of powered flight.Our findings highlight the importance of age and experience in migration route selection of large soaring birds.

关键词： Clanga clanga East Asia Greater Spotted Eagle Juvenile Migration route Social learning

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Identification of coastal wetlands of international importance for waterbirds:a review of China Coastal Waterbird Surveys 2005–2013

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Chinese Birds 2015年第3期6卷 153-168页

作者： Qingquan Bai Jianzhong Chen Zhihong Chen Guotai Dong Jiangtian Dong Wenxiao Dong Vivian Wing Kan Fu Yongxiang Han Gang Lu Jing Li Yang Liu Zhi Lin Derong Meng Jonathan Martinez Guanghui Ni Kai Shan Renjie Sun Suixing Tian Fengqin Wang Zhiwei Xu Yat-tung Yu Jin Yang Zhidong Yang Lin Zhang Ming Zhang Xiangwu Zeng Forestry Bureau of Dandong Tianjin birdwatching society Xiamen birdwatching society Shenzhen birdwatching society Management Office of Guangdong Neilingding–Futian National Nature Reserve Shanghai Huaxia Wildlife Travel Limited The Hong Kong Bird Watching society Xugou Primary School Kadoorie Conservation China Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden Corporation Spoon-billed Sandpipers in China State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and College of Ecology and Evolution Xiamen Costal Wetlands and Birds Research Center Department of Life Science Cangzhou Normal University 14 bis rue des Temples45240 La FertéSaint AubinFrance Fujian birdwatching society Management Office of Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve Guangxi Mangrove Research Center Tianjin Natural History Museum Shanghai Wildbird society panjin birdwatching society Panjin Maternal and Child Care Service Centre Haifeng Nature Reserve

Background:China's coastal wetlands belong to some of the most threatened ecosystems worldwide.The loss and degradation of these wetlands seriously threaten waterbirds that depend on wetlands.Methods:The China Coastal Waterbird Census was organized by volunteer birdwatchers in China's coastal region.Waterbirds were surveyed synchronously once every month at 14 sites,as well as irregularly at a further 18 sites,between September 2005 and December 2013.Results:A total of 75 species of waterbirds met the 1 % population level Ramsar listing criterion at least once at one site.The number of birds of the following species accounted for over 20 % of the total flyway populations at a single site:Mute Swan(Cygnus olor),Siberia Crane(Grus leucogeranus),Far Eastern Oystercatcher(Haematopus osculans),Bar-tailed Godwit(Limosa lapponica),Spotted Greenshank(Tringa guttifer),Great Knot(Calidris tenuirostris),Spoon-billed Sandpiper(Calidris pygmeus),Saunders' s Gull(Larus saundersi),Relict Gull(Larus relictus),Great Cormorant(Phalacrocorax carbo),Eurasian Spoonbill(Platalea leucorodia),Black-faced Spoonbill(Platalea minor) and Dalmatian Pelican(Pelecanus crispus).A total of 26 sites supported at least one species of which their number met the1 % criterion.Forty-two species met the 1 % criterion in the Yellow River Delta,Shandong;29 at the Cangzhou coast,Hebei and 26 species at the Lianyungang coast,Jiangsu.Conclusions:The results highlight the international importance of China's coastal wetlands for waterbirds.This study also demonstrates that participation of local birdwatchers in waterbird surveys results in data that are invaluable not only for understanding the current status of waterbirds in China's coastal regions but also for waterbird conservation and management.

关键词： 1 % criterion Citizen science Coastal wetlands Ramsar site Waterbirds

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Bird species composition and conservation challenges in the Gaoligong Mountains, one of the most diverse bird areas in the world

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Zoological Research(Diversity and Conservation) 2024年第1期1卷 20-50页

作者： Fei Wu Jian-Yun Gao Dao Yan Le Yang Lu-Ming Liu Shun-Yu Yao Chang-Sheng Zuo Jun Sun Ge Gao Jian-Yong Su Li Luo Ying-Chun Li Ming Liu Yuan-Fang Hu Ming Wei Xiao-Jun Yang State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution&Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China Xizang Plateau Institute of Biology LhasaXizang 850001China Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Yunnan Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve DehongYunnan 679300China Yunnan Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve NujiangYunnan 671400China Yunnan Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve BaoshanYunnan 678000China China birdwatching Association KunmingYunnan 650225China Gaoligong Mountain Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province Dulongjiang Forest Ecosystem Research StationGongshanYunnan 673500China

The Gaoligong Mountains(GLGM),located in southwestern China,extend north to south along the western border of the Hengduan Mountains,spanning approximately 600 km.In this study,we consolidated findings from 17 bird surveys conducted in the GLGM between 2010 and 2022.We found that the GLGM harbors tremendous bird diversity,with a total of 796 documented bird species in the region.Nearly a quarter(23.0%)of these species are listed as state key protected species or as Chinese and global threatened species.Analysis of species richness at the county level showed a decreasing trend with increasing latitude,with the greatest diversity in Yingjiang(661 species).Observations indicated that the GLGM belongs to the Oriental realm,primarily composed of bird species from southern and southwestern China.The GLGM plays an important role in avian conservation by sheltering exceptional bird diversity,providing corridors and flyways for bird migration and dispersal,and mitigating the effects of climate change.In response to the conservation needs of birds and other wildlife,the Chinese government has established numerous protected areas within the GLGM.Despite these efforts,avian conservation still faces considerable challenges in the GLGM due to limitations in the protected area network,transboundary nature of the regions,and existing gaps in monitoring and research.

关键词： Birds Gaoligong Mountains Zoogeographic region Conservation challenge

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Contribution of citizen science towards cryptic species census： “many eyes” define wintering range of the Scaly-sided Merganser in China's Mainland

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Avian Research 2018年第1期9卷 63-72页

作者： Qing Zeng Qian Wei Guangchun Lei School of Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China China birdwatching Association Chengdu 610041 China

Background: Citizen science has tremendous potential in advancing scientific knowledge and improving natural resource management.To detect the wintering distribution of the endangered species Scaly-sided Merganser(Mergus squamatus), national wintering surveys were organized by China birdwatching Association.Methods: The surveys of M.squamatus were conducted in three successive winters from 2014 to 2016.A total of 2019 people from 102 organizations participated in the surveys.With three groups of 13 environmental variables, species distribution model for its wintering distribution of each year was developed using random forest.Schoener's D index was used to compare the distribution of M.squamatus in 3 years.Results: Totally, 441, 634 and 1138 individuals of M.squamatus were recorded in 2014, 2015 and 2016 respectively.Two main sites in Dabie Mountain and East Qinling mountains were verified and the wintering range of M.squamatus was defined.The wintering range was found to be highly identical for the 3 years.Conclusions: The highly overlapped distribution range among years suggested that the wintering range of M.squamatus was relatively stable.Well organized and coordinated citizen science can be used to define distribution range and improve species conservation.

关键词： Wintering distribution Citizen science Mergus squamatus Random forest

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Taxonomic status of grey-headed Yellow Wagtails breeding in western China

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Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 534-543页

作者： Alexander Hellquist Fredrik Friberg Petter Haldén Peter Schmidt Ming Ma Gou Jun Urban Olsson Per Alström Fatburs kvarngata 17 11864 StockholmSweden Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.818 Beijing RoadUrumqi 830011XinjiangChina Xinjiang birdwatching society 311 Nongda East RoadUrumqi 830091XinjiangChina Systematics and Bio-diversity Department of Biology and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGöteborgSweden Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre GothenburgSweden Animal Ecology Department of Ecology and GeneticsEvolutionary Biology CentreUppsala UniversityNorbyvägen 18D75236 UppsalaSweden Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Edeby 9 74191 KnivstaSweden Lenabergsvägen 33 74392 VattholmaSweden Tallmovägen 9 75645 UppsalaSweden

Background:Field studies from 2011 onwards have demonstrated the presence of a breeding population of Yellow Wagtails(Motacilla flava)in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China that is phenotypically distinct from known subspecies occurring in Asia.Here we describe the plumages and vocalisations of this population and discuss its taxonomic status.Methods:The analysis of plumage is based on field studies and photos available online.Recordings of vocalisations are compared with recordings from other Yellow Wagtail populations,and differences are analysed based on sonograms.Mitochondrial DNA from one individual is compared to other Yellow Wagtail taxa.Results:Unlike M.flava subspecies breeding in or near Xinjiang,males in the studied population show a blue-grey head without prominent white supercilium,being most similar to the widely disjunct M.f.cinereocapilla.They differ from the similarly widely allopatric M.f.thunbergi,which might occur as a migrant or vagrant in Xinjiang,by on average cleaner yellow breast and more extensive white on the throat,and from the widely disjunct M.f.plexa and M.f.macronyx,which might also occur on migration in that area,by softer contact calls and slower pace of song.Females are similar to female M.f.feldegg in plumage.The mitochondrial ND2 tree shows the single sample from Xinjiang to be nested in the clade of western Yellow Wagtail taxa.Conclusion:We discuss whether the Xinjiang breeding population could represent an intergrade between subspecies breeding nearby,or whether it is better regarded as a separate as yet unrecognized subspecies.We argue that the localization of its apparent range in relation to other subspecies along with fairly consistent male and female plumages suggest that it is more likely to represent an undescribed taxon,but conclude that more research is needed to firmly establish its status.

关键词： Bioacoustics Mitochondrial DNA Morphology Motacilla flava Systematics Undescribed populations

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Coastal wetlands in Lianyungang,Jiangsu Province,China:probably the most important site globally for the Asian Dowitcher(Limnodromus semipalmatus)

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Avian Research 2021年第3期12卷 364-374页

作者： Ziyou Yang Jing Li Yongxiang Han Chris J.Hassell Kar-Sin Katherine Leung David S.Melville Yat-tung Yu Lin Zhang Chi-Yeung Choi Spoon-Billed Sandpiper(Shanghai)Environmental Protection Technology Co. Ltd.Shanghai 201100China Lianyungang Xugou Primary School Lian-yungang 222042China Global Flyway Network PO Box 3089BroomeWA 6725Australia Hong Kong Waterbirds Ringing Group Mai Po Nature ReserveHong KongChina 1261 Dovedale Road RD 2 WakefieldNelson 7096New Zealand Hong Kong Bird Watching society 7CV Ga Building532 Castle Peak RoadLai Chi KokKowloonHong KongChina School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

Background:Despite an increasing number of surveys and a growing interest in birdwatching,the population and distribution of Asian Dowitcher(Limnodromus semipalmatus),a species endemic to the East Asian-Australasian and Central Asian Flyways,remains poorly understood,and published information about the species is largely outdated.In boreal spring 2019,over 22,432 Asian Dowitchers were recorded in a coastal wetland at Lianyungang,Jiangsu Prov-ince,China,constituting 97.5%of its estimated global population.Methods:In 2019 and 2020,we conducted field surveys at Lianyungang to determine the numbers of Asian Dow-itchers using the area during both southward and northward migrations.We also assessed the distribution and abun-dance of Asian Dowitchers elsewhere along the China coast by searching literature and consulting expert opinion.Results:The coastal wetlands of Lianyungang are the most important stopover site for Asian Dowitchers during both northward and southward migrations;they supported over 90%of the estimated global population during north-ward migration in two consecutive years(May 2019 and 2020).This area also supported at least 15.83%and 28.42%(or 30.74%and 53.51%using modelled estimates)of the global population during southward migration in 2019 and 2020 respectively.Coastal wetlands in the west and north of Bohai Bay also have been important stopover sites for the species since the 1990s.Although comprehensive,long-term monitoring data are lacking,available evidence sug-gests that the population of the species may have declined.Conclusions:The high concentration of Asian Dowitchers at Lianyungang during migration means the species is highly susceptible to human disturbances and natural stochastic events.The coastal wetlands of Lianyungang should be protected and potentially qualify for inclusion in China’s forthcoming nomination for World Heritage listing of Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Coast of Yellow Sea-Bohai Gulf of China(Phase II)in 2023.Additional research is needed to understand Asian Dowi

关键词： Lianyungang Limnodromus semipalmatus Shorebird Stopover ecology Yellow Sea World Heritage

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