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Refined chronology of prehistoric cultures and its implication for re-evaluating human-environment relations in the Hexi Corridor,northwest China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第10期62卷 1578-1590页

作者： Yishi YANG Shanjia ZHANG Chris OLDKNOW Menghan QIU Tingting CHEN Haiming LI Yifu CUI Lele REN Guoke CHEN Hui WANG Guanghui DONG Gansu Provincial institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Lanzhou730000China MOE Key Laboratory of Western China抯Environmental Systems College of Earth&Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China History and Culture School Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing100101China

The reconstruction of high-resolution chronologies for prehistoric cultures is a prerequisite for understanding the history of human evolution and its relationship with environmental change, and is valuable for exploring the trajectory of transcontinental cultural exchanges in prehistoric time. The Hexi Corridor of northwest China was one of the earliest centers for long-distance culture exchange in the prehistoric world. The timing and sequence of cultural changes in this area remains poorly understood resulting from the lack of radiometric age control. This paper presents a refined radiocarbon(14 C) chronology to resolve the timing of human occupation and cultural evolution in the Hexi Corridor. Radiocarbon dating of crop remains, which have an annual life cycle, has the advantage of eliminating problems such as the carbon stored in ‘old wood’. As a result,14C dates from crop remains are used to test the validity of the14C dates derived from charcoal, bone and plant remains. The resultant database of ages is modelled using the Bayesian approach. The updated chronology presented in this paper shows generally good agreement with the original dates used to constrain cultural evolution in the Hexi Corridor. However, the occupation of the corridor by the Shajing and Shanma Late Bronze Age-Early Iron Age cultures appears to have taken place ~300 years later than previously thought. On the basis of comparing this updated chronology of cultural evolution with palaeoclimatic and historical records, it is proposed that the collapse of the Shajing and Shanma cultures occurred as a result of geopolitical impact rather than climate change.

关键词： Bayesian modelling Radiocarbon dating Neolithic and Bronze Age Chronology geopolitical situation Climate change Hexi Corridor

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New Political Dynamism in Central Asia:Security Issues and Prospects for Regional Cooperation

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Contemporary International Relations 2019年第2期29卷 97-104页

作者： Rustam Khuramov CICIR the academic committee of China institute of Boun dary and Ocea n Studies and the Collaborative In novation Center for National Territorial Sovereignty and Maritime Interests Wuhan University

The article examines the issues of regional security and prospects of cooperation between the countries of Central Asia in the context of a new world order. As factors of sustainable development and security, the author considers the following issues: preservation of the geopolitical balance in Central Asia; development of a multivariate system of transportation and communication corridors; cardinal increase in the efficiency of counterterrorism and religious extremism; a solution to the Afghan problem; and resolution to the problems of fair water use and ecology in the region.

关键词： Central Asia Uzbekistan regional security cooperation

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Sino-American Relations in the Middle East: Towards A Complementary Partnership?

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Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies 2019年第2期13卷 143-161页

作者： Ruike Xu Degang Sun School of English and International Studies Beijing Foreign Studies UniversityBeijingChina Middle East Studies institute Shanghai International Studies UniversityShanghaiChina

China pursues geo-economic interests of trade,investment and energy,while the US explores geo-political interests of maintaining regional leadership,launching anti-terrorism campaigns,and defending allies in the Middle *** all this,the two sides share compatible and complementary interests in the Middle East security governance and conflict de-escalation,which forges structural dynamics for Beijing and Washington to seek common ground while shelving *** drawing on detailed analysis of China and the US’s interaction in three cases,including coping with the ISIS threat,addressing the Iran nuclear crisis and mediating the Israel-Palestine conflict,this article argues that driven by pragmatism,it is possible for China and the US to build a complementary partnership in the Middle East,especially in dealing with security challenges in conflict zones,to maximise their respective interests and to alleviate the impact of Sino-US geopolitical rivalry in the Asia-Pacific *** compatible policy orientations,the intensifying Middle East Cold War in the aftermath of the Arab Spring,and the interdependent nature of Sino-US interests in the Middle East make it vital for China and the US to build a complementary partnership,although they may face various hurdles in its implementation.

关键词： China the US the Middle East complementary partnership cooperation

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Twenty-five years of progress in geopolitics research： Efforts from China＇s geographers

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2016年第8期26卷 1223-1242页

作者： DU Debin DUAN Dezhong LIU Chengliang MA Yahua School of Urban and Regional Science East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China institute for Innovation and Strategic Studies East China Normal University Shanghai 20062 China School of Business Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200235 China

The world is currently undergoing profound changes, with a shift in global power centers and reordering of international power spaces, assigning new theoretical tasks as well as providing new opportunities for geopolitics research in China. Despite the peripheral nature of geopolitics research within their discipline, geographers have played a fundamental role in its origins and revival, from classical geopolitics（i.e., the German school of geopolitics and the Anglo-American school of geo-strategy）, to internal geopolitics（i.e., electoral geography and administrative geography）, to the new geopolitics（i.e., formal geopolitics）, and to recent critical geopolitics（i.e., popular geopolitics）. Although only few of these researchers were from China, great strides have been made in geopolitics and political geography research in China, with useful results being obtained. After demonstrating the importance of geopolitics research for the rising China, this review provides an overview of geopolitics papers led by China＇s geographers in the past few decades, describing their achievements, the problems they have faced, and the directions they have taken. Twenty-five years of geopolitics have produced a range of accomplishments, with a growth in the quality and size of research groups and institutions, an expanding literature, and some geo-strategic breakthroughs. Obviously, geographers have successfully reclaimed geopolitics, but some crucial topics are still absent or weak in the geopolitical research agenda, and need to be pursued vigorously. Most of the attention, from a positivistic perspective, has been paid to reflecting Western geopolitical thoughts, describing patterns of international power relations, and offering foreign policy advice（in a problem-focused orientation）, rather than determining mechanisms and performing theoretical analyses（in a theoretical orientation）, resulting in a lack of independent value judgments and of a theoretical basis for the subject. Mor

关键词： geopolitics geo-strategy world geography China research progress

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A crowd-sourced genomic project to assess hybrid content in a rare avian vagrant(Azure Tit Cyanistes cyanus(pallas,1770))

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Avian research 2023年第4期14卷 545-552页

作者： Martin Irestedt Filip Thorn Per G.P.Ericson Hein van Grouw Yaroslav A.Red'kin Alexander Hellquist Frank Johansson Johan A.A.Nylander Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics Swedish Museum of Natural HistoryStockholmSweden Department of Zoology Stockholm University Sweden Bird Group Department of Life SciencesNatural History MuseumTringUnited Kingdom Zoological Museum Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia institute of Biological Problems of Cryolithozone SB RAS YakutskRussia Department of Women's and Children's Health Uppsala UniversitySweden Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden

The aim of this study was to correlate plumage variation with the amount of genomic hybrid content in hybrids between Azure Tits Cyanistes cyanus(pallas,1770)and European Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus(Linnaeus,1758),by re-sequencing the genomes of museum specimens of non-hybrids and presumed hybrids with varying *** project was funded by crowdsourcing and initiated when two presumed Azure Tits,observed by hundreds of Swedish birdwatchers,were rejected as hybrids based on minor plumage deviations assumed to indicate hybrid contents from the European Blue *** results confirm that hybrids with intermediate plumages,so called Pleske’s Tits,are first generation hybrids(F1 hybrids).Individuals,whose plumages are similar to Azure Tits,but assessed as hybrids based on minor plumage deviations,are all backcrosses but vary in their degree of hybrid ***,some individuals morphologically recognized as pure Azure Tits expressed similar degrees of hybrid *** results indicate that:(1)hybrid content may be widespread in Azure Tits in the western part of its habitat distribution;(2)plumage deviation in backcrosses is not linearly correlated with the genetic degree of hybrid origin;and(3)all Azure Tits observed in Europe outside its natural distribution may have some degree of hybrid *** therefore suggest that it is very difficult to phenotypically single out hybrids beyond first generation *** argue that decreased sequencing costs and improved analytical tools open the doors for museomic crowd-sourced projects that may not address outstanding biological questions but have a major interest for lay citizens such as birdwatchers.

关键词： Crowdsourcing Cyanistes cyanus Hybridization Museomics

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An Analysis of the Indian Modi Administration's Policy on the South China Sea Issue

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Contemporary International Relations 2017年第4期27卷 48-71页

作者： Lou Chunhao the institute of Maritime Strategy China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations the Collaborative Innovation Center for Territorial Sovereignty and Maritime Rights at wuhan University Yunnan Academy of South Asia and South East Asia Studies

Geographically, India is not a country in the region of the South China Sea, nor is it a country concerned in the issue on a geopolitical level or a US ally in the Asia-Pacific region. It has been very cautious to avoid taking sides in the South China Sea issue. However, since Modi took office in 2014, changes have taken place in the external environment that India faces, in maritime safety strategy, as well as in India's policies toward the US and China. India is becoming increasingly active in the issue of the South China Sea, voicing criticism and taking precautions against China. While India's policy on the South China Sea will not be completely the same as that of the United States and Japan, due to concerns for its own interests in the future, it is quite possible that India will take advantage of the issue of the South China Sea and will adopt more comprehensive ways to get involved in the issue.

关键词： The Modi administration policy on the South China Sea Sino-Indian relations

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The Political Perspective of the Iraqi Kurds after the US Military Retreat

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Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies 2010年第2期4卷 1-13页

作者： WANG Bo Middle East Studies institute Shanghai International Studies University

With the approaching of the US military retreating from Iraq in 2011, Iraq is getting into the “post-reconstruction” period without its direct interference. At the same time, this new situation will also promote the Kurds in Iraq to reconsider their political perspective. As a minority with the tendency of separatism for many years in Iraq, the Kurds recently are facing at least four factors that will affect their political future, which includs the “collaborating democracy” in Iraq designed by the US government is containing so many hidden problems, the rising Arabian nationalism with a strong inclination for the centralization of the state power is requiring to obliterate the federalism articles from the Iraq Constitution and opposing the autonomy of the Kurds, the conflicts caused by the core interests among the different racial nationalities and religious sects are becoming more serious, and the changes of the geopolitical environment around Kurdistan is in a favorable direction for the Kurds. All these will not only promote the Kurds to strive for a more advantageous political future, but will also attract the international society to concern itself more about the Kurds’ problem in this region.

关键词： Iraq Kurds Political Perspective US Military

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Distribution and Status of the pallas’s Gull Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus(pallas,1773)in the Reservoirs of the Palearctic:Review

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生态学研究(英文) 2023年第1期5卷 23-34页

作者： Sergey Vladimirovich Golubev Fish Ecology Laboratory Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland WatersRussian Academy of SciencesBorok152742Russia

The pallas’s Gull Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus is a piscivorous gull,some local populations of which are rare and *** review presents data on the status and distribution of the pallas’s Gull in the reservoirs of the Palearctic-water bodies in which the water level is controlled by *** aim of the study was to assess the current state of the species in the reservoirs of the *** review was based on 1080 publications found in the search engines Yandex,Google,Google Scholar,*** the last 35 years,the pallas’s Gull has been found in 63 reservoirs of the *** has been established in 11 reservoirs,breeding has not been established in 43 reservoirs,and birds were present in 9 reservoirs,but the status was not ***-thirds of the reservoirs where the gull was recorded or bred were located in the European part and only 1/3 in *** is assumed that up to 5000 adults(0.45%-4.0%of the global population of the species)breed annually in the reservoirs of the Palearctic,and the reservoirs are not the main habitats for maintaining and reproducing the population of the *** majority of the breeding population reproduces in natural water bodies,and the reservoirs of the Palearctic are important for the maintenance of non-breeding *** of presumed breeding and new breeding colonies in reservoirs north of the historical range of the species has been established on the Russian Plain,in the Urals and *** reservoirs of Russia play a leading role in providing breeding sites for the species in water bodies of this *** analysis of the data allows us to state the important and increased role of reservoirs in the modern distribution and expansion of the range of the pallas’s Gull in the Palearctic.

关键词： Great Black-headed Gull Damming

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