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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 788-796页

作者： Yang Song Xiaoli Cai Mingming Wang Dan Du Yuehe Lin Chun-Long Chen Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA Division of Physical Sciences Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Department of Chemical Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA

Precisely controlled spatial distributions of artificial light-harvesting systems in aqueous media are of significant importance for mimicking natural light-harvesting systems;however,they are often restrained by the solubility and the aggregation-caused quenching effect of the hydrophobic ***,we report one highly efficient artificial light-harvesting system based on peptoid nanotubes that mimic the hierarchical cylindrical structure of natural *** high crystallinity of these nanotubes enabled the organization of arrays of donor chromophores with precisely controlled spatial distributions,favoring an efficient Förster resonance energy transfer(FRET)process in aqueous *** FRET system exhibits an extremely high efficiency of 98.6%with a fluorescence quantum yield of 40%and an antenna effect of *** further demonstrated the use of this artificial light-harvesting system for quantifying miR-210 within cancer *** fluorescence intensity ratio of donor to acceptor is linearly related to the concentration of intercellular miR-210 in the range of 3.3–156 copies/*** high sensitivity in intracellular detection of miR-210 using this artificial light-harvesting system offers a great opportunity and pathways for biological imaging and detection,and for the further creation of microRNA(miRNA)toolbox for quantitative epigenetics and personalized medicine.

关键词： light-harvesting peptoid nanotube Förster resonance energy transfer intracellular RNA detection

Elucidating regulatory processes of intense physical activity by multi-omics analysis

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Military Medical Research 2024年第4期11卷 479-499页

作者： Ernesto S.Nakayasu Marina A.Gritsenko Young-Mo Kim Jennifer E.Kyle Kelly G.Stratton Carrie D.Nicora Nathalie Munoz Kathleen M.Navarro Daniel Claborne Yuqian Gao Karl K.Weitz Vanessa L.Paurus Kent J.Bloodsworth Kelsey A.Allen Lisa M.Bramer Fernando Montes Kathleen A.Clark Grant Tietje Justin Teeguarden Kristin E.Burnum-Johnson Biological Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Environmental and Molecular Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthWestern States DivisionDenverCO 80204USA Computational Analytics Division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA national Security Directorate Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Los Angeles County Fire Department Los AngelesCA 90063USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthRespiratory Health DivisionMorgantownWV 26505USA Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA

Background:Physiological and biochemical processes across tissues of the body are regulated in response to the high demands of intense physical activity in several occupations,such as firefighting,law enforcement,military,and sports.A better understanding of such processes can ultimately help improve human performance and prevent illnesses in the work ***:To study regulatory processes in intense physical activity simulating real-life conditions,we performed a multi-omics analysis of 3 biofluids(blood plasma,urine,and saliva)collected from 11 wildland firefighters before and after a 45 min,intense exercise *** profiles ***-exercise were compared by Student’s t-test followed by pathway analysis and comparison between the different omics ***:Our multi-omics analysis identified and quantified 3835 proteins,730 lipids and 182 metabolites combining the 3 different types of *** blood plasma analysis revealed signatures of tissue damage and acute repair response accompanied by enhanced carbon metabolism to meet energy *** urine analysis showed a strong,concomitant regulation of 6 out of 8 identified proteins from the renin-angiotensin system supporting increased excretion of catabolites,reabsorption of nutrients and maintenance of fluid *** saliva,we observed a decrease in 3 pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in 8 antimicrobial peptides.A systematic literature review identified 6 papers that support an altered susceptibility to respiratory ***:This study shows simultaneous regulatory signatures in biofluids indicative of homeostatic maintenance during intense physical activity with possible effects on increased infection susceptibility,suggesting that caution against respiratory diseases could benefit workers on highly physical demanding jobs.

关键词： Multi-omics analysis Intense exercise Human performance Biofluids Metabolism Immunity

Machine Learning Analysis of Impact of Western US Fires on Central US Hailstorms

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第7期41卷 1450-1462页

作者： Xinming LIN Jiwen FAN Yuwei ZHANG ZJason HOU pacific northwest national laboratory RichlandWA 99354USA Argonne national laboratory LemontIL 60439USA

Fires,including wildfires,harm air quality and essential public services like transportation,communication,and *** fires can also influence atmospheric conditions,including temperature and aerosols,potentially affecting severe convective ***,we investigate the remote impacts of fires in the western United States(WUS)on the occurrence of large hail(size:≥2.54 cm)in the central US(CUS)over the 20-year period of 2001–20 using the machine learning(ML),Random Forest(RF),and Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGB)*** developed RF and XGB models demonstrate high accuracy(>90%)and F1 scores of up to 0.78 in predicting large hail occurrences when WUS fires and CUS hailstorms coincide,particularly in four states(Wyoming,South Dakota,Nebraska,and Kansas).The key contributing variables identified from both ML models include the meteorological variables in the fire region(temperature and moisture),the westerly wind over the plume transport path,and the fire features(i.e.,the maximum fire power and burned area).The results confirm a linkage between WUS fires and severe weather in the CUS,corroborating the findings of our previous modeling study conducted on case simulations with a detailed physics model.

关键词： wildfire severe convective storm hailstorm machine learning

A new database of building-space-specific internal loads and load schedules for performance based code compliance modeling of commercial buildings

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Building Simulation 2024年第6期17卷 877-892页

作者： Yunyang Ye Cary A.Faulkner Wooyoung Jung Jian Zhang Eli Brock pacific northwest national laboratory RichlandWA99354USA University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15260USA

Building-level loads and load schedules prescribed by current modeling rules save modelers time and provide standards during whole building performance ***,recent studies show that they sometimes insufficiently capture the entire building performance due to the varied loads and load schedules for different space *** a solution to this issue,this paper presents a database of default building-space-specific loads and load schedules for use in energy modeling,and in particular code compliance modeling for commercial *** existing sets of default loads and load schedules are reviewed and the challenges behind using them for specific research topics are ***,the proposed method to develop the building-space-specific loads and load schedules is *** that,the database for these building-space-specific loads and load schedules is *** addition,one case is studied to demonstrate the applications of these loads and load *** this case study,three methods are used to develop building energy models:space-specific(using knowledge of the distribution and location of space types and applying the space-specific data in the developed database),building-level(assuming a lack of knowledge of the space types and using the building-level data in the developed database),and calculated-ratio(assuming knowledge of the distribution of space types but not their locations and calculating weighted average values based on the space-specific data in the developed database).The energy results simulated by using these three methods are compared,which shows building-level methods can produce significantly different absolute energy and energy savings results than the results using space-specific ***,this paper discusses the application scope and maintenance of this new database.

关键词： load load schedule space specific building energy modeling code compliance

Volumetric lattice Boltzmann method for pore-scale mass diffusionadvection process in geopolymer porous structures

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 2126-2136页

作者： Xiaoyu Zhang Zirui Mao Floyd W.Hilty Yulan Li Agnes Grandjean Robert Montgomery Hans-Conrad zur Loye Huidan Yu Shenyang Hu Purdue University IndianapolisIN46202USA pacific northwest national laboratory RichlandWA99352USA CEA DESISECDMRCUniv.MontpellierMarcouleFrance Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC29208USA

Porous materials present significant advantages for absorbing radioactive isotopes in nuclear waste *** improve absorption efficiency in nuclear waste treatment,a thorough understanding of the diffusion-advection process within porous structures is essential for material *** this study,we present advancements in the volumetric lattice Boltzmann method(VLBM)for modeling and simulating pore-scale diffusion-advection of radioactive isotopes within geopolymer porous *** structures are created using the phase field method(PFM)to precisely control pore *** our VLBM approach,we introduce a concentration field of an isotope seamlessly coupled with the velocity field and solve it by the time evolution of its particle population *** address the computational intensity inherent in the coupled lattice Boltzmann equations for velocity and concentration fields,we implement graphics processing unit(GPU)*** of the developed model involves examining the flow and diffusion fields in porous ***,good agreement is observed for both the velocity field from VLBM and multiphysics object-oriented simulation environment(MOOSE),and the concentration field from VLBM and the finite difference method(FDM).Furthermore,we investigate the effects of background flow,species diffusivity,and porosity on the diffusion-advection behavior by varying the background flow velocity,diffusion coefficient,and pore volume fraction,***,all three parameters exert an influence on the diffusion-advection *** background flow and diffusivity markedly accelerate the process due to increased advection intensity and enhanced diffusion capability,***,increasing the porosity has a less significant effect,causing a slight slowdown of the diffusion-advection process due to the expanded pore *** comprehensive parametric study provides valuable insights into the kinetics of isotope

关键词： Volumetric lattice Boltzmann method(VLBM) Phase field method(PFM) Pore-scale diffusion-advection Nuclear waste treatment Porous media flow Graphics processing unit(GPU) parallelization

Application of novel constrained friction processing method to produce fine grained biomedical Mg-Zn-Ca alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 516-529页

作者： Ting Chen Banglong Fu Junjun Shen Uceu F.H.R.Suhuddin Björn Wiese Yuanding Huang Min Wang Jorge F.dos Santos Jean Pierre Bergmann Benjamin Klusemann Solid State Materials Processing Institute of Material MechanicsHelmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck-Str.1Geesthacht 21502Germany Functional Magnesium Materials Institute of Metallic BiomaterialsHelmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck-Str.1Geesthacht 21502Germany Shanghai Key laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDongchuan Road 800Shanghai 200240China Applied Materials and Manufacturing Energy and Environment DivisionPacific Northwest National LaboratoryPO Box 999RichlandWA 99352USA Production Technology Group Technisiche Universität IlmenauGustav-Kirchhoff-Platz 2Ilmenau 98693Germany Institute for Production Technology and Systems Leuphana University of LüneburgUniversitätsallee 1Lüneburg 21335Germany

In order to obtain Mg alloys with fine microstructures and high mechanical performances,a novel friction-based processing method,name as“constrained friction processing(CFP)”,was *** CFP,defect-free Mg-Zn-Ca rods with greatly refined grains and high mechanical properties were *** to the previous as-cast microstructure,the grain size was reduced from more than 1 mm to around 4μm within 3 s by a single process *** compressive yield strength was increased by 350%while the ultimate compressive strength by 53%.According to the established material flow behaviors by“tracer material”,the plastic material was transported by shear *** the base material to the rod,the material experienced three stages,*** by the tool,upward flow with additional tilt,followed by upward *** microstructural evolution was revealed by“stop-action”*** microstructural development at regions adjacent to the rod is mainly controlled by twinning,dynamic recrystallization(DRX)as well as particle stimulated nucleation,while that within the rod is related to DRX combined with grain growth.

关键词： Constrained friction processing Magnesium alloys Microstructure Mechanical properties Grain refinement Plastic deformation

Crystalline compounds for remediation of rare-earth fission products:A review

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Journal of Rare Earths 2022年第3期40卷 365-380,I0001页

作者： Saehwa Chong Brian J.Riley Zayne J.Nelson pacific northwest national laboratory RichlandWA99352USA

Rare earth(RE)-containing crystals have been investigated as media for the immobilization of RE fission products from nuclear waste *** reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel,fission products including REs,alkalis,and alkaline earths released from the *** viable option to immobilize the RE fission products is to incorporate them into chemically durable crystalline phases in specific waste *** study summarizes the crystal structures and synthesis methods of six RE-containing compounds that have applications in remediation of RE fission *** compounds include oxyapatite(AE_(2)RE_(8)(SiO_(4))_(6)O_(2)),oxychloride(REOCl),borosilicate(RE_(3)BSi_(2)O_(10)),pyrochlore(RE_(2)M_(2)O_(7)),monazite(REPO_(4)),and perovskite(REMO_(3))where AE denotes alkaline earth metals and M denotes transition *** review provides an overview of literature on the usage of these six compounds for immobilizing RE fission products and summarizes different synthesis methods for producing these *** of structural parameters with different REs in each compound are also discussed.

关键词： Rare-earth compounds Nuclear waste forms Crystal structures Synthesis of rare-earth compounds

Towards an all-vanadium redox flow battery with higher theoretical volumetric capacities by utilizing the VO^2＋/V^3＋ couple

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2018年第5期27卷 1381-1385页

作者： Wentao Duan Bin Li Dongping Lu Xiaoliang Wei Zimin Nie Vijayakumar Murugesan James P. Kizewski Aaron Hollas David Reed Vincent Sprenkle Wei Wang pacific northwest national laboratory RO. Box 999 Richland Washington 99352 United States

An all-vanadium redox flow battery with V（IV） as the sole parent active species is developed by accessing the VO2＋/V3＋ redox couple. These batteries, referred to as V4RBs, possess a higher theoretical volumetric c... 详细信息

关键词： Vanadium Redoxreactions Redox flow battery Energy density Cu

Rapid and flexible segmentation of electron microscopy data using few-shot machine learning

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1733-1741页

作者： Sarah Akers Elizabeth Kautz Andrea Trevino-Gavito Matthew Olszta Bethany E.Matthews Le Wang Yingge Du Steven R.Spurgeon national Security Directorate Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Energy and Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Sciences Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA

Automatic segmentation of key microstructural features in atomic-scale electron microscope images is critical to improved understanding of structure–property relationships in many important materials and chemical ***,the present paradigm involves time-intensive manual analysis that is inherently biased,error-prone,and unable to accommodate the large volumes of data produced by modern *** more automated approaches have been proposed,many are not robust to a high variety of data,and do not generalize well to diverse microstructural features and material ***,we present a flexible,semi-supervised few-shot machine learning approach for segmentation of scanning transmission electron microscopy images of three oxide material systems:(1)epitaxial heterostructures of SrTiO_(3)/Ge,(2)La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)FeO_(3) thin films,and(3)MoO_(3) *** demonstrate that the few-shot learning method is more robust against noise,more reconfigurable,and requires less data than conventional image analysis *** approach can enable rapid image classification and microstructural feature mapping needed for emerging high-throughput characterization and autonomous microscope platforms.

关键词： systems image enable

Global warming strengthens the association between ENSO and the Asian-Australian summer monsoon

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第1期67卷 309-312页

作者： Bao YANG Minhui HE School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Key laboratory of Desert and Desertification Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

Previous studies have widely reported the linkages between Asian-Australian monsoon and the ENSO(Wu,2008;Azad and Rajeevan,2016;Chen et al.,2020;Shekhar et al.,2022;Zhang J et al.,2022;Chen et al.,2023;Hau et al.,2023;Heidemann et al.,2023).It is well accepted that the monsoon is weaker during the El Niño phase and stronger during the La Niña *** example,an anomalously strong western pacific subtropical high in 2020,related to the La Niña event.

关键词： event monsoon Asian