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Prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths among women of reproductive age in Mwaluphamba,Kwale

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第2期17卷 71-83页

作者： Samuel M.Ngui Joseph M.Mwangangi Joachim Richter Josephine W.Ngunjiri Department of biological sciences University of EmbuKenya Medical Entomology Kenya Medical Research Institute(KEMRI)Center for Geographic Medicine Research Coast KilifiKenya institute of International health Global Health CenterCharitéUniversity MedicineBerlinCorporate Member of Free University and Humboldt University and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany Swiss Tropical and Public health institute BaselSwitzerland Tropical and Infectious Diseases Department of Biological sciencesUniversity of EmbuKenya

Objective:To assess the epidemiology of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis among women of reproductive age in Mwaluphamba,Kwale County,***:A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed to randomly sample 422 women of reproductive age(15-<50 years)from four villages in Mwaluphamba *** specimens were collected and examined using the Kato-Katz method,while filtration technique was used to analyze urine ***’sociodemographic details were obtained using a standardized ***:Urinary schistosomiasis prevalence was at 4.7%(20/422,95%CI 2.8%-6.9%)while the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis infection was 4.5%(19/422,95%CI 2.6%-6.7%).The infection intensities of urinary schistosomiasis among the study participants ranged from 1 to 120 eggs/10 mL of urine with median egg count of 18.45 eggs/10 *** patients were diagnosed with light infection,of 56.16 egg/gram and 48.48 egg/gram for Trichuris trichiura and hookworms,*** without latrines had 15.7 times higher risk of having urinary schistosomiasis compared to those with a ***,use of surface water(aOR=1.0,95%CI 0.2-1.4,P=0.010)and crossing the river to go to a place(aOR=1.1,95%CI 0.3-1.6,P=0.009)were statistically significant risk factors for getting urinary *** bivariable regression analysis,defecating around the water source(OR=4.3,95%CI 1.5-12.9)had a statistically significant association with the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis(P=0.008).Conclusions:This study has given an insight on the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Mwaluphamba location that form a basis for strengthening the control and elimination programmes for these neglected tropical diseases.

关键词： Urinary schistosomiasis Prevalence Soiltransmitted helminths Mwaluphamba

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Construction of a broad-host-range Anderson promoter series and particulate methane monooxygenase promoter variants expand the methanotroph genetic toolbox

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2024年第2期9卷 250-258页

作者： Etash H.Bhat Jessica M.Henard Spencer A.Lee Dustin McHalffey Mahith S.Ravulapati Elle V.Rogers Logan Yu David Skiles Calvin A.Henard Department of biological sciences and BioDiscovery institute University of North TexasDentonTXUSA

Methanotrophic bacteria are currently used industrially for the bioconversion of methane-rich natural gas and anaerobic digestion-derived biogas to valuable *** bacteria may also serve to mitigate the negative effects of climate change by capturing atmospheric greenhouse *** genetic tools have previously been developed for genetic and metabolic engineering of ***,the available tools for use in methanotrophs are significantly underdeveloped compared to many other industrially relevant bacteria,which hinders genetic and metabolic engineering of these *** such,expansion of the methanotroph genetic toolbox is needed to further our understanding of methanotrophy and develop biotechnologies that leverage these unique microbes for mitigation and conversion of methane to valuable ***,we determined the copy number of three broad-host-range plasmids in Methylococcus capsulatus Bath and Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b,representing phylogenetically diverse Gammaproteobacterial and Alphaproteobacterial methanotrophs,***,we show that the commonly used synthetic Anderson series promoters are functional and exhibit similar relative activity in *** and *** OB3b,but the synthetic series had limited ***,we mutagenized the native *** particulate methane monooxygenase promoter and identified variants with activity that expand the activity range of synthetic,constitutive promoters functional not only in ***,but also in Escherichia ***,the tools developed here advance the methanotroph genetic engineering toolbox and represent additional synthetic genetic parts that may have broad applicability in Pseudomonadota bacteria.

关键词： Methanotroph Methane monooxygenase Promoter Metabolic engineering Synthetic biology

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Brain Mechanisms Underlying Panic Attack and Panic Disorder

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第6期40卷 795-814页

作者： Xuyan Guan Peng Cao Tsinghua institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research Tsinghua UniversityBeijing102206China National institute of biological sciences(NIBS) Beijing102206China

Panic disorder is a psychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent panic attacks,with a prevalence of~4%in the general population,causing heavy personal and socioeconomic *** similarities of animal defense responses to clinical panic attack symptoms in humans make it possible to translate neuroanatomical pathways identified in animal studies to panic disorder in ***,in this review we first present a basic overview of panic disorder in humans including the main subtypes,models commonly used to trigger panic attacks,related hypotheses,the neurotransmitter systems that may be involved,and the current clinical treatments to give the reader a comprehensive understanding of panic *** animal section introduces the models that trigger panic-like behavior in animals and the brain regions that may be involved,providing insights for future elucidation of the neural circuit mechanisms behind panic attacks.

关键词： Panic disorder Panic attack Defense responses Animal studies Humans

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How do neurons age?A focused review on the aging of the microtubular cytoskeleton

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1899-1907页

作者： Brad Richardson Thomas Goedert Shmma Quraishe Katrin Deinhardt Amritpal Mudher School of biological sciences University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine University of OxfordOxfordUK

Aging is the leading risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. We now understand that a breakdown in the neuronal cytoskeleton, mainly underpinned by protein modifications leading to the destabilization of microtubules, is central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. This is accompanied by morphological defects across the somatodendritic compartment, axon, and synapse. However, knowledge of what occurs to the microtubule cytoskeleton and morphology of the neuron during physiological aging is comparatively poor. Several recent studies have suggested that there is an age-related increase in the phosphorylation of the key microtubule stabilizing protein tau, a modification, which is known to destabilize the cytoskeleton in Alzheimer’s disease. This indicates that the cytoskeleton and potentially other neuronal structures reliant on the cytoskeleton become functionally compromised during normal physiological aging. The current literature shows age-related reductions in synaptic spine density and shifts in synaptic spine conformation which might explain age-related synaptic functional deficits. However, knowledge of what occurs to the microtubular and actin cytoskeleton, with increasing age is extremely limited. When considering the somatodendritic compartment, a regression in dendrites and loss of dendritic length and volume is reported whilst a reduction in soma volume/size is often seen. However, research into cytoskeletal change is limited to a handful of studies demonstrating reductions in and mislocalizations of microtubule-associated proteins with just one study directly exploring the integrity of the microtubules. In the axon, an increase in axonal diameter and age-related appearance of swellings is reported but like the dendrites, just one study investigates the microtubules directly with others reporting loss or mislocalization of microtubule-associated proteins. Though these are the general trends reported, there are clea

关键词： age-related changes aging cytoskeleton microtubules neuronal morphology

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Broad-spectrum ginsentides are principal bioactives in unraveling the cure-all effects of ginseng

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第2期14卷 653-666页

作者： Shining Loo Antony Kam Bamaprasad Dutta Xiaohong Zhang Nan Feng Siu Kwan Sze Chuan-Fa Liu Xiaoliang Wang James P.Tam School of biological sciences Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637551Singapore Academy of Pharmacy Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhou 215123China Department of biological sciences Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhou 215123China institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100050China Department of health sciences Brock UniversityNiagara RegionON L2S 3A1Canada

Stress and illness connection is complex and involves multiple physiological *** ginsengs,reputed for their broad-spectrum“cure-all”effect,are widely prescribed to treat stress and related ***,the identity of ginseng’s“cure-all”medicinal compounds that relieve stress remains ***,we identify ginsentides as the principal bioactives that coordinate multiple systems to restore homeostasis in response to *** are disulfide-rich,cell-penetrating and proteolytic-stable *** affinity-enrichment mass spectrometry target identification together with in vitro,ex vivo and in vivo validations,we show that highly purified or synthetic ginsentides promote vasorelaxation by producing nitric oxide through endothelial cells via intracellular PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,alleviate a1-adrenergic receptor overactivity by reversing phenylephrine-induced constriction of aorta,decrease monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells via CD166/ESAM/CD40 and inhibit P2Y12 receptors to reduce platelet *** administered ginsentides were effective in animal models to reduce ADP-induced platelet aggregation,to prevent collagen and adrenalineinduced pulmonary thrombosis as well as anti-stress behavior of tail suspension and forced swimming tests in ***,these results strongly suggest that ginsentides are the principal panacea compounds of ginsengs because of their ability to target multiple extra-and intra-cellular proteins to reverse stress-induced damages.

关键词： Ginseng Cysteine-rich peptides Microproteins Cure-all Stress Homeostasis

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Evaluation of growth performance,feed efficiency and nutrient digestibility of red hybrid tilapia fed dietary inclusion of black soldier fly larvae(Hermetia illucens)

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第1期9卷 46-51页

作者： Hasniyati Muin Norhidayah Mohd Taufek Aqua-Nutri Biotech Laboratory Institute of Biological SciencesUniversiti MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia Ladang Mini Institute of Biological SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversiti MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia

Insects,particularly black soldier fly larvae(BSFM),Hermetia illucens,have been regarded as promising protein and lipid sources in animal feed,including *** is the key factor that affects nutrient utilization,feeding physiology and *** the present work,the effect of BSFM on the digestibility of red hybrid tilapia(RHT)compared to fish meal(FM)was ultimately unveiled.A 56-day growth trial was performed with 60 RHT(~30 g)randomly distributed into six tanks and fed two experimental diets containing FM as a reference diet and BSFM as a test *** addition,faeces were collected to determine their chromium concentration and proximate *** apparent digestibility coefficient(ADC)of dry matter,crude protein and energy in the BSFM diet were observed to be significantly higher than those in the FM ***,the growth performance of fish fed with the BSFM diet exhibited significantly higher(P<0.05)weight gain,specific growth rate,protein efficiency ratio and lower feed conversion ratio than those in the FM *** study shows that the BSFM feed was well digested by tilapia and improved its growth performance.

关键词： Insect meal Black soldier fly larvae Red hybrid tilapia Digestibility Hermetia illucens

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Two-dimensional MOF-based materials:Preparations and applications as electrodes in Li-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第10期97卷 388-418,I0008页

作者： Narges Nobakht Seyyed Ahmad Etghani Mohammad Hosseini Seyed Hamed Aboutalebi Condensed Matter National Laboratory Institute for Research in Fundamental SciencesTehran 19395-5531Iran School of biological sciences Institute for Research in Fundamental SciencesTehran 19395-5746Iran BattScout Company London RoadBishopdownSalisbury SP13EnglandUnited Kingdom

Two-dimensional(2D)metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are rapidly emerging as a unique class of mushrooming family of 2D materials offering distinctive features,such as hierarchical porosity,extensive surface area,easily available active sites,and versatile,adaptable *** promising characteristics have positioned them as highly appealing alternatives for a wide range of applications in energy storage technologies,including lithium ***,the poor conductivity and limited stability of 2D MOFs have limited their real applications in electrochemical energy *** limitations have therefore warranted ongoing research to enhance the performance of 2D *** the significance of 2D MOF-based materials as an emerging class of advanced materials,a multitude of strategy has been devised to address these challenges such as synthesizing 2D conductive MOFs and derivatives along with 2D MOF *** promising approach involves the use of 2D MOF derivatives,including transition metal oxides,which due to their abundant unsatu rated active metal sites and shorter diffusion paths,offer superior electrochemical ***,by combining pristine 2D MOFs with other materials,hybrid 2D MOF materials can be *** hybrids,with their enhanced stability and conductivity,can be directly utilized as active materials in lithium *** the present review,we categorize 2D MOF-based materials into three distinct groups:pristine 2D MOFs,2D MOFderived materials,and 2D MOF hybrid *** synthesis methods for each group,along with their specific applications as electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries,are discussed in *** comprehensive review provides insights into the potential of 2D MOFs while highlighting the opportunities and challenges that are present in this evolving field.

关键词： Li-ion batteries 2D materials 2D metal-organic frameworks Energy storage Synthesis

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Recent progress of vaccines administration via microneedles for cancer immunotherapy

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第3期35卷 96-103页

作者： Yuanzheng Chen Jiaojiao Zhu Jinsong Ding Wenhu Zhou Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical sciences Central South UniversityChangsha 410013China Key Laboratory of biological Nanotechnology of National health Commission Changsha 410008China

Therapeutic cancer vaccines have undergone a resurgence in the past *** of the high level of immune cell accumulation and abundant capillary lymphatic system in the dermis,percutaneous vaccination is considered to be an ideal treatment *** convenient administration,the recent development of microneedles(MNs)provides a safe,painless,and low-cost transdermal delivery strategy,which could bypass the first-pass metabolism of vaccines for enhanced stability and ***,the therapeutic effect of MNs-based cancer vaccines is not optimal,which is limited by the complex set of host,tumor,and environmental factors,as well as the limited vaccine loading ***,further improvements are still required to push their clinical *** this critical review,we deliberate on how to improve the therapeutic effect of MNs-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapy,summarize the recent advances in MNs-based cancer vaccination,and provide an overview of various design strategies and mechanisms for active or passive targeting delivery,aiming to develop safer,more effective,and more stable MNs-based cancer ***,we briefly describe the potential of vaccine platforms in combination with other therapies,suggest the need to design vaccines according to specific circumstances,and discuss the biosafety of repeated administration for enhancing clinical efficacy.

关键词： Transdermal delivery Microneedles Cancer vaccine Immunotherapy Nanoparticle Lymph node

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How variable progenitor clones construct a largely invariant neocortex

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 129-144页

作者： Zhongfu Shen Jiajun Yang Qiangqiang Zhang Kuiyu Wang Xiaohui Lv Xiaolin Hu Jian Ma Song-Hai Shi New Cornerstone Science Laboratory IDG/McG overn Institute for Brain Research Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure School of Life Sciences Tsinghua University Department of Computer sciences Tsinghua University College of Life sciences Nankai University Chinese institute for Brain Research

The neocortex contains a vast collection of diverse neurons organized into distinct layers. While nearly all neocortical neurons are generated by radial glial progenitors(RGPs), it remains largely unclear how a complex yet organized neocortex is constructed reliably and robustly. Here, we show that the division behavior and neuronal output of RGPs are highly constrained with patterned variabilities to support the reliable and robust construction of the mouse neocortex. The neurogenic process of RGPs can be well-approximated by a consistent Poisson-like process unfolding over time, producing deep to superficial layer neurons progressively. The exact neuronal outputs regarding layer occupation are variable; yet, this variability is constrained systematically to support all layer formation, largely reflecting the variable intermediate progenitor generation and RGP neurogenic entry and exit timing differences. Together, these results define the fundamental features of neocortical neurogenesis with a balanced reliability and variability for the construction of the complex neocortex.

关键词： neocortex radial glial progenitor intermediate progenitor neurogenesis clonal variability layer formation

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Vault RNAs(vtRNAs):Rediscovered non-coding RNAs with diverse physiological and pathological activities

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第2期11卷 772-787页

作者： Mahsa Aghajani Mir Deputy of Research and Technology Health Research InstituteBabol University of Medical SciencesBabol 47176-4774Iran

The physicochemical characteristics of RNA admit non-coding RNAs to perform a different range of biological acts through various mechanisms and are involved in regulating a diversity of fundamental ***,some reports of pathological conditions have proved abnormal expression of many non-coding RNAs guides the *** RNAs are a class of non-coding RNAs containing stem regions or loops with well-conserved sequence patterns that play a fundamental role in the function of vault particles through RNA-ligand,RNA–RNA,or RNA-protein *** together,vault RNAs have been proposed to be involved in a variety of functions such as cell proliferation,nucleocytoplasmic transport,intracellular detoxification processes,multidrug resistance,apoptosis,and autophagy,and serve as microRNA precursors and signaling *** decades of investigations devoted,the biological function of the vault particle or the vault RNAs is not yet completely *** this review,the current scientific assertions of the vital vault RNAs functions were discussed.

关键词： ncRNA Vault complex Vault RNA vtRNA viral infection tumorigenesis

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