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Knowledge of hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) among Medical Students in a Tertiary hospital in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 162-175页

作者： Prosper Iheanacho Okonkwo Kingsley Chinedu Okafor Bitrus Salome Kwaghal Bolarinwa Boluwatito Joel Haruna Garba Department of Community Medicine & phc Bingham University Karu Nigeria

Background: hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) remain a common cause of death, functional disability, emotional suffering and economic burden among hospitalized patients. Knowledge of HAIs is important in its prevention and control. This study seeks to assess the knowledge of hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) among medical students in a Tertiary hospital in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in October 2019 among clinical medical students using a Multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed using the IBM SPSS 20 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Ethical approval was granted by Bingham University Teaching hospital, Ethics Committee, Jos, Plateau State. Results: A total of 219 students in the clinical arm of the College of Medicine and Health Sciences were selected. A higher proportion (97.7%) of respondents knew about hospital Acquired Infections and 85.4% knew that hospital Acquired infections occur in the hospital, and (86.3%) considered patients contagious with half (58.9%) considered patients as the most important source of HAIs, followed by care givers (13.2%), then doctors including medical students and interns (10.0%) and lastly nurses (8.7%). The majority of respondents (70.8%) considered Surgical Wound Infections to be the most commonly occurring HAI, followed by UTIs (69.9%), RTIs (61.2%), BSIs (37.0%) and others (0.9%). The clinical thermometer was the instrument that most commonly transmits HAIs (82.6%), then followed by stethoscope (62.1%), white coats (53.9%), and blood pressure cuff (51.1%). Most respondents knew the infectious substances, like blood (96.3%), nasal discharge (82.6%), saliva (85.3%), and faeces (79.4%) transmitted HAIs, 72.6% of the respondents said that they were aware of the recommended hand washing techniques by WHO. Conclusion: The majority of students 91.3% had good kn

关键词： Knowledge hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) Nosocomial Infections Medical Students

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Perception of Medical Students towards Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Hepatitis B Vaccination in a Private Tertiary hospital in Jos North Local Government, Plateau State, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2024年第2期14卷 39-48页

作者： Prosper Ifeanacho Okonkwo Kingsley Chinedu Okafor Saratu Lamido Toluwani Bamisaiye Eunice Lagasi Department of Community Medicine & phc Bingham University Karu Nigeria

Background: Prevention is one of the safe schemes against the high prevalence of viral Hepatitis. Negative perceptions or perceptions about the risks of hepatitis B among medical students and health care workers may influence the behavioral pattern and adoption of preventive measures against the virus and can affect the uptake of the Hepatitis B vaccine. This study assesses the perception of medical students towards Hepatitis B virus infection and Hepatitis B Vaccination in a Private Tertiary hospital in Jos North Local Government, Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in August 2021 among 236 clinical medical students using a multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and analysed using the IBM SPSS 28 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Ethical approval was granted by Bingham University Teaching hospital, Ethics Committee, Jos, Plateau State. Results: Two-thirds of respondents were of the opinion that they are at risk of contracting HBV. Half were of the opinion that the risk is very much while a third believed the risk is moderate. Among those who think they are not at risk of contracting HBV, the majority felt so because they are vaccinated while 10.3% believe that they are safe. 43.2% of respondents think that HBV Vaccine is very effective in preventing HBV infection while 39.8% think it is slightly effective, and 7.6% think it is not effective. Almost all respondents, 99.2% are of the opinion that HBV Vaccination is important for students while 0.8% think it is not important. The majority of the respondents at 95.8% were willing to be screened for HBV. The majority (85.6%) of respondents are willing to pay for HBV Vaccine as against 14.4% of respondents who are not willing to pay. Conclusion: Summarily, 21 (8.9%) of the students had a negative perception of Hepatitis B Vaccination, and 215 (91.1%) had a positive perception of Hepatitis B Va

关键词： Perception Hepatitis B Virus Infection Hepatitis B Vaccination Medical Students

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Variations, effectiveness and its associated factors of a nationwide web-based hypertension management training project in China: insights from a government-led campaign for 1.2 million lay health workers

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2024年第7期21卷 733-750页

作者： Wei WANG Hai-Bo ZHANG Jia-Min LIU Yan LI Na TIAN Lei YAN Jin-Xiao SONG Mei-Li LI Yue PENG Jing LI National Primary Health Care Hypertension Management Office National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Research for Cardiovascular MedicationsFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of a large-scale,web-based,in-service hypertension management training project among lay health workers(LHWs)at primary care health(phc)settings in China,and to examine the factors contributing to the of *** METHODS We used data from a web-based national hypertension management training project implemented in 2018,it was designed to facilitate LHWs to learn,understand,and apply the relevant knowledge and skills in hypertension management through providing training courses by use of the web-based platform with unified *** LHWs were required to parti-cipate in the exams before and after training to acquire scores for the use of evaluating their performance of hypertension man-agement *** first used descriptive analysis to present the variations of effectiveness in hypertension management knowledge among LHWs by important ***,we used multilevel logistic regression to examine the individual regional factors contributing to the variations and quantify the magnitude of how these factors affected training *** RESULTS There were 1,208,610 LHWs who completed training and were ***,the scores of LHWs in-creased significantly from 62.87±21.14 out of 100 in the pre-test to 88.30±11.31 in the post-test by 25.43(95%confidence interval[CI]:25.40-25.47).Training contents involved in antihypertensive medication showed the lowest score(54.36)in the pre-test and soared the most after training,up to 84.22 by 54.94%.Individual factors associated with disparities in the knowledge of hyperten-sion management decreased substantially after training,which included sex,age,education,practice type,professional level,and hierarchy of working *** variations were shown at the provincial level,with the majority of them being ex-by factors at the regional *** CONCLUSIONS Accessible web-based training modality,government efforts,accompanie

关键词： hypertension workers nationwide

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Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPTs) of Malaria among Pregnant Women Attending for Antenatal Care in Benadir hospital at Benadir Region, Somalia

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Health 2022年第4期14卷 392-406页

作者： Abdullahi Muse Mohamoud Magda Elhadi Ahmed Yousif Osman Khalafalla Saeed Mohamed Ahmed Allasow Yasmin Abdirahman Abdulle Ayan Abdiwali Ahmed Anab Warsame Iye Shukri Mohamed Abdi Faculty of Health Sciences Benadir University Mogadishu Somalia phc & HE Faculty of Medicine University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan

Background: Malaria in pregnancy is a preventable public health concern leading to a high prevalence of maternal morbidity, maternal mortality and adverse birth outcomes. Intermittent Preventive Treatment during pregnancy using Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) is one of the main strategies used to prevent malaria in pregnancy. This study was aimed to determine knowledge attitude and practice regarding intermittent preventive treatment IPT of malaria in pregnancy utilization among pregnant women attending antenatal center in benadir hospital wadajir district benadir region somalia during the period of the study from April 2021-July 2021. Methods: The study was descriptive cross-sectional retrospective hospital based. The sample size was 60 respondents of pregnant women at 20 weeks to 36 weeks of gestation. Data were collected by interview method using structured questionnaire. The data were collected and then entered to Statistical Package for Social Science version 20 for analysis. Results: The study displayed that the majority of the respondents (58%) were in the 25 - 34 years’ age group. A total of 51 (85%) were married, while 17 (28%) had primary school education. 43 (72%) were housewives while only 11 (18%) were employed. A total 32 (53%) were had gravid more than Four times, while the study showed that, the majority of mothers 39 (65%) were had knowledge about Intermittent Preventive Treatment during pregnancy using Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP). The study showed that majority of the respondent 25 (42%) were getting health education awareness towards IPTp were from health care providers at health centers while 8 (13%) from Friends/relatives/neighbors, followed by 4 (6%) from their husband. And 34 (57%) were had convenience IPTp-SP tablet consumption at their current pregnancy while 26 (43%) did not. Conclusion and Recommendations: Inclusion there was good knowledge and positive attitude towards IPT despite poor utilization, the study recommended the mi

关键词： Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPT) Antenatal Care

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Knowledge of Cervical Cancer and Practice of Pap Smear Testing among Secondary School Teachers in Nnewi North Local Government Area of Anambra State, South Eastern Nigeria

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Advances in Sexual Medicine 2015年第2期5卷 13-21页

作者： Chika Ubajaka Andrew Ukegbu Samuel Ilikannu Christian Ibeh Department of Community Medicine and phc Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi Nigeria Department of Community Medicine and phc Federal Medical Centre Umuahia Nigeria

Introduction: Cervical cancer is one of the commonest cancers of the female genital tract and accounts for about a hundred and ninety thousand deaths each year, most of which occur in developing countries. Early cervical screening methods have contributed to the fall of cervical cancer deaths in the developed world. This is different in developing countries where people have limited knowledge about this disease condition and the screening methods for prevention. This study determined the knowledge and practice of cervical cancer screening among female secondary school teachers in Nnewi North Local Government Area of Anambra State. Method: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study in which self-administered questionnaires were returned by 142 respondents and results were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 17. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 35.6 ± 1.76 years. A high proportion of the respondents were aware of cervical cancer 106 (74.6%). About 44 (41.5%) knew of cervical cancer screening by Pap smear, out of which only 20.5% had done a pap smear. The most common reasons given for not doing the test were;not deeming the test necessary, not knowing where the test could be done and feeling of not being at risk of developing cervical cancer. Conclusion/Recommendation: Though the level of awareness of cervical cancer screening was high, the level of uptake of Pap smear was still very low. A national cervical cancer Pap smear campaign should be intensified to change the negative perception towards Pap smear test.

关键词： Knowledge Practice Cervical Cancer Female School Teachers Pap Smear

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Prevalence of Coinfection Malaria-Covid-19 at the International hospital Center of Kinshasa during the 3^rd Wave of the Pandemic

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2023年第3期13卷 468-477页

作者： Armand Ma Mayala Mayala Diane Ngapolo Diama Amir Ali Mboma Diama Jean Pierre Lubaki Fina Philippe Ngwala Lukanu Centre hospitalier International de Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Department of Family Medicine and phc Protestant University of Congo Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo

Background: Since 2019, Covid-19 pandemic has afflicted the world and countries of Africa. Despite the limited resources, these countries already disturbed by multiple diseases that have not yet been controlled such as malaria, must face this pandemic whose success in the management depends on the early detection of the disease. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Malaria-Covid-19 coinfection in our environment. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of patients’ data with Covid-19 infection from May to July 2021 at the International hospital center of Kinshasa “CHIK”. We collected data and analysis was performed on the sociodemographic parameters, the notion of anticovid-19 vaccination as well as the duration of the symptomatology before the consultation, the clinical manifestations and the laboratory data available while including the data of the thick drop. Results: A total of 84 patients were registered with an average age of 35.23 ± 12.74 years. The male sex was predominant (82.1%). The Indian community was the most affected (44.2%). The average of days elapsed before the consultation of 3.63 days. The anti-Covid-19 vaccination rate was 20.3%. The prevalence of Malaria-Covid-19 coinfection was 29.76%. In coinfected patients, fever and cough were more reported (64%). Regarding biological and inflammatory parameters, 31.8% of coinfected patients had a platelet count less than 150,000 elements/mm3 compared to 11.6% in non-Co-infected (p = 0.046). Conclusion: The Malaria-Covid-19 comorbidity prevalence is high in Malaria endemic country like Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It is necessary to make better distinction, to detect early the comorbidity in order to better guide care and not be limited to treating malaria, letting the Covid-19 evolve.

关键词： Coinfections Covid-19 Malaria Prevalence

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EXPRESSION OF FcγR AND REGULATION OF rIFNγ ON FcγR EXPRESSION ON PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 1993年第2期5卷 35-40页

作者：缪晓辉陈士葆杜平 Department of Gastroenterology Changzheng Hospital Shanghai 200003 Department of microbiology Second Military Medical University Department of Gastroenterology Changzheng Hospital Shanghai 200003he level of FcγR on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was determined by ABC-ELIsA in 43 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) and in 8 patients with space-occupying benign lesion (BL) in liver twelve patients who received carcinomaectomy were followed up to detect their FcγR.Nine PBMC samples from PHC were treated with rIFNγ-The results showed that: 1. the level of FcγR in PHC patients was significantly lower than that in BL and In normal control 2. the expression of FcγR was enhanced in postoperated phc patients and 3. the production of IFNγ in phc patients was defective. The level of FcγR on PBMC was increased obviously in phc after PBMC being treated with rIFNγ but was still lower than that in control. These results suggested (1) FcyR detection is helpful tor distinguishing malignant liver lesion from benign (2) the inhibited expression of FcγR in phc could be related to some factors secreted by cancer tissues and also to low level of IFNγ and (3) IFNγstimulates the expression of FcyR in vitro as one of the anti-tumor mechanism forIFNγ.

The level of FcγR on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was determined by ABC-ELIsA in 43 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (phc) and in 8 patients with space-occupying benign lesion (BL) in liver, twelve patients who received carcinomaectomy were followed up to detect their Fcγ*** PBMC samples from phc were treated with rIFNγ-The results showed that: 1. the level of FcγR in phc patients was significantly lower than that in BL and In normal control; 2. the expression of FcγR was enhanced in postoperated phc patients; and 3. the production of IFNγ in phc patients was defective. The level of FcγR on PBMC was increased obviously in phc after PBMC being treated with rIFNγ but was still lower than that in control. These results suggested; (1) FcyR detection is helpful tor distinguishing malignant liver lesion from benign; (2) the inhibited expression of FcγR in phc could be related to some factors secreted by cancer tissues and also to low level of IFNγ; and (3) IFNγstimulates the expression of FcyR in vitro as one of the anti-tumor mechanism forIFNγ.

关键词： FcγR IFNγ Primary hepatocellular carcinoma

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Knowledge Attitude and Practice towards Antenatal Care among Pregnant Women Attending for Antenatal Care in SOS hospital at Hiliwa District, Benadir Region, Somalia

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Health 2022年第4期14卷 377-391页

作者： Abdullahi Muse Mohamoud Sahra Mire Mohamed Ahmed Mohamud Hussein Maida Abshir Omar Bushra Mohamud Ismail Rahma Abdulahi Mohamed Muna Ishaq Ahmed Seynab Dahir Ibrahim Faculty of Health Sciences Benadir University Mogadishu Somalia phc & HE Faculty of Medicine University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Mogadishu University Mogadishu Somalia

Background: Antenatal care is one of the strategies aimed at addressing maternal mortality as it facilitates the identification and avoid pregnancy related problems and save lives of mothers and babies. Purpose: This study aimed knowledge attitude and practice towards antenatal care among pregnant women attending for antenatal care in SOS hospital, Hiliwa District, Benadir region, Somalia during the period of the study from April 2021-July 2021. Methodology: The study was descriptive cross-sectional, retrospective hospital based;a total of 60 of pregnant women were enrolled in this study. Data were collected through interview method using structured questionnaire. Data analysis was used Statistical Package for Social Science version 20 for analysis (SPSS). Results: The study discovered a total of 60 respondents have participated of which 45 (75%) had knowledge towards antenatal care, while the study found that the sources of antenatal care information was;23 (38%) from health care providers at health centers and 10 (17%) from husbands. Among the study respondents 48 (80%) have convenience and accepted the utilization of antenatal care and a total of 51 (85%) were seeking permission for antenatal care visit. Also study respondents about 35 (58%) utilized antenatal care visit during their previous pregnancies and 25 (42%) did not. About 22 (36%) were preferred mother and child health centers, 10 (16%) were preferred public hospitals and few proportion 2 (5%) were preferred private hospital for antenatal care visit respectively. Finally the study showed that, multigravida, gestational months, seeking permission and spouse accompany to the antenatal care visit and level of awareness significantly contributed to the utilization of ANC by pregnant women in this study. Significant difference was strongly observed (P = 0.000). Conclusion and Recommendations: In conclusion, there was good knowledge and positive attitude towards ANC despite poor antenatal care utilization, th

关键词： ANC Pregnancy Related Problems SOS hospital Hiliwa

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The Epidemiology of Induction of Labor among Women Aged 15 - 49 Who Delivered at Shaafi hospital in Hodon District, Mogadishu Somalia 2020

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Health 2022年第4期14卷 418-431页

作者： Abdullahi Muse Mohamoud Sahra Mire Mohamed Ahmed Mohamud Hussein Nafisa Ali Hassan Ruweyda Abdi Hassan Juweyriya Osman Abdullahi Naima Abdi Hashi Faculty of Health Sciences Benadir University Mogadishu Somalia phc& HE Faculty of Medicine University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Mogadishu University Mogadishu Somalia

Background: Induction of labor is an artificial termination utilized to decrease both maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The study was aimed to assess the epidemiology of induction of labor among women aged 15 - 49 who delivered at Shaafi hospital in Hodon District, Mogadishu Somalia 2020. Methodology: A cross-sectional and retrospective hospital-based study was conducted among 30 women aged 15 - 49 who had undergone induction of labor who were delivered at Shaafi hospital Mogadishu during the period of the study from May-July 2020. Data were collected by interview method using structured questionnaire. Data analyzed was performed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 20. Results: The study showed that the majority of respondents 12 (40%) had undergone induction once time previously, followed by 8 (27%) had undergone induction previously two times, while 6 (20%) had undergone previously three times, 4 (13%) more than four times. 21 (70%) were delivered Spontaneous Vagina delivery (SVD), 6 (20%) were Cesarean section (CS) and 3 (10%) instrumental vaginal delivery. A total of (60%) were delivered in public hospitals, followed by (23%) were delivered in private hospitals and 5 (17%) home delivery. In addition the reasons of induction of labor a total of 27 (90%) were post term, followed by 2 (7%) were Intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), while few proportion of 1 (3%) were Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). Finally, the study revealed that the socio-demographic and obstetrical determinants such as age and daily meal intake as well as antenatal care visit and reasons for induction of labor e.g. Post term (Post-mature), Intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) and Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) showed significant association with their the induced labor (P Conclusion and Recommendations: The study recommended that ministry of health especially maternal and reproductive health unit should ensure that every pregnant woman has access to skilled matern

关键词： Induction Labor Shafi hospital Mogadishu Somalia

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Assessment of the Willingness to Buy and the Use of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITN) among Caregivers of Under-Five Children Attending Immunization Clinics in a Private Tertiary hospital in Plateau State, Nigeria

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2020年第2期10卷 90-110页

作者： Lucy Idoko Kingsley C. Okafor Gift M. Amlabu Chidindu N. Idika Blessing E. Oguche Department of Community Medicine & phc Bingham University Karu Nigeria

Introduction: Malaria control becomes effective if countries adopt the World Health Organization & Global Malaria Programme (WHO/GMP) recommendation with includes diagnosis of malaria cases and treatment with effective medicines, distribution of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS). Ownership and utilization of mosquito nets for malaria prevention is still sub-optimal with only 62% ownership of at least one mosquito net and only 37% of children using the nets. This seeks to investigate the willingness to buy and the use ITN use among caregivers of under five children attending immunization clinic in Bingham University Teaching hospital. Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study design carried out among 242 caregivers of all ages and sex of under-five children attending immunization clinic at Bingham University Teaching hospital (BHUTH) in Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. A Simple Random Sampling technique was used to select respondents. Findings: Two hundred and sixteen 216 (89.3%) of the children use ITNs, majority of the children 190 (78.5%) slept under ITN the night before the interview, 226 (93.4%) owned ITNs, 156 (64.5%) got the ITNs for free while 60 (24.8%) paid for it and majority 172 (71.1%) of the children use ITN every night. Tertiary education, having much younger children (less than 3 years) and perception as a means of malaria prevention were associated with higher use of ITNs. Majority 220 (90.9%) the caregivers were willing to buy ITN and also recommend ITN to others. Caregivers who were traders and civil servants were willing to buy ITN than farmers, tertiary education, having children 1 - 3 months old, and owning 3 or more ITNs was associated with willingness to buy ITNs. Conclusion: About 90% of the children of caregivers use ITNs and over three quarters slept under ITN the night before the interview and majority use i

关键词： Insecticide Treated Nets Willingness to Buy Malaria

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