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Magnetostratigraphic and paleoclimatic studies on the Red Earth Formation from the Chengdu Plain in Sichuan Province,China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第6期50卷 927-935页

作者： ZHAO ZhiZhong QIAO YanSong WANG Yan FU JianLi WANG ShuBing LI ChaoZhu YAO HaiTao JIANG FuChu Institute of geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100081 China

Two red earth sections from the Chengdu Plain in Sichuan Province are dated using geomagnetic methods. The Brunhes/Matuyama (B/M) reversal boundary is recognized within the upper parts of the two sections,and the Jaramillo normal subzone occurs in the middle-lower parts of the vermiculated red soil (VRS),which indicate that the parent material for the VRS deposited in the middle Quaternary. Sedimentologic and geochemical studies suggest that the Chengdu Clay and part of the parent material for the VRS are of aeolian origin. Pollen analysis indicates that the Chengdu Plain was mainly covered by needle-leaved forest with a cool to cool temperate humid climate when the parent material for the VRS deposited. The relatively cool to cool temperate climatic condition in the Chengdu Plain in the middle Quaternary,which may be caused by the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau,was a response to the geo-environmental changes of global significance.

关键词： Chengdu Plain vermiculated red soil magnetostratigraphy origin paleoenvironment

Vertical-well-assisted SAGD dilation process in heterogeneous super-heavy oil reservoirs:Numerical simulations

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Underground Space 2021年第6期6卷 603-618页

作者： Zhi Yang Xingge Sun Chihui Luo Bin Xu Baohong Yang Biao Li China National Petroleum Corporation Xinjiang Oil FieldKaramay 834000XinjiangChina origin geomechanics inc. CalgaryAlberta T3H 0X6Canada Department of Building Civil&Environmental EngineeringConcordia UniversityMontrealQuebec H3G 1M8Canada

PetroChina’s Karamay heavy oil reservoirs mostly comprise Jurassic deposits of braided fluvial facies that have a low porosity,extremely high bitumen viscosity,and strong heterogeneities within the ***-assisted gravity drainage(SAGD)dilation start-up has been proven an efficient reservoir geomechanical stimulation method as it shortens the steam circulation time,reduces steam usage,and increases the oil production *** method worked well on relatively good-quality oil sand ***,for reservoirs with heterogeneous reservoir properties along the SAGD well,field well production data indicated the presence of non-uniform steam chambers in post-dilation SAGD *** dilation methods,such as vertical-well-assisted SAGD dilation(VW-SAGD-Dilation)are have been used,and field pilot tests have yielded promising *** reservoir stimulation process utilizes one or more vertical wells beside the SAGD well to initiate the formation of dilation zones that connect to the dilation zone formed during the conventional SAGD dilation *** with the normal SAGD dilation start-up,this composite dilation process creates a uniform dilation zone along the SAGD well,thus improving the thermal conformance and well *** vertical well and SAGD well are connected by this composite dilation zone,which enables the combined use of the SAGD process and cyclic steam stimulation *** paper presents our understanding and numerical case studies of this enhanced dilation *** well production data from the postdilation wells were positive(uniform steam chamber growth and higher oil rate),which highlights the promising potential of using geomechanical dilation as a reservoir stimulation method to create a large stimulated reservoir volume in heterogeneous super-heavy oil reservoirs.

关键词： geomechanics Dilation SAGD Heterogeneous oil sand reservoir Stimulated reservoir volume

Macro-micro investigation of granular materials in torsional shear test

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Journal of Central South University 2014年第7期21卷 2950-2961页

作者：李博郭林张丰收 Department of Civil Engineering Wenzhou University Guangxi Key Laboratory of geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Guilin University of Technology Itasca HoustonInc.

A three-dimensional numerical torsion shear test is presented on hollow cylinder specimen which is performed on a spherical assemblage with fixed principal stress axes using the discrete element code *** wall technique boundary conditions are employed and optimized to reasonably capture the microstructure *** studies are conducted in terms of the ratio κ,normal and shear stiffness of particles,wall stiffness and friction ***,in comparison with physical test,numerical results for a fixed principal stress angle(α=45°) are *** results show that the numerical test could capture the macro-micro mechanical behavior of the spherical particle *** evolution of the coordination number demonstrates that particles in shear banding undergo remarkable *** effects of localization on specimens illustrate that global stress and strain recorded from a hollow cylinder apparatus could not represent the localized *** shearing band initiation and evolution from porosity and shear rate are visualized by contour lines in different shear strains.

关键词： hollow cylinder apparatus numerical modeling principal stress rotation strain localization

Triassic magmatism in the eastern part of the South China Block： Geochronological and petrogenetic constraints from Indosinian granites

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第3期8卷 445-456页

作者： Wanli Gao Zongxiu Wang Chunlin Li Key Lab of Shale Oil and Gas Geological Survey Institute of GeomechanicsChinese Academy of Geological Science

The granitic dykes in the Badu Group, Zhejiang Province, South China provide important insights on tectonic setting and crustal evolution of the South China Block （SCB） and the Indochina Block during Triassic. Here we report LA-ICP-MS U-Pb data of granitic rocks from the Hucun and Kengkou which show early Triassic ages of 242 ± 2 and 232 ± 3 Ma, respectively, representing their timing of emplacement. The dyke rocks are enriched in K, AI, LREE, Rb, Th, U, and Pb, and are depleted in Nb, Ta, St, and Ti. The rocks are characterized by highly fractionated REE patterns with （La/Yb）N ratios of 28.46 -38.07 with strong negative Eu anomalies （Eu/Eu＊ = 0,65-0.73）. In situ Hf isotopic analyses of zircons from the Hucun granite yielded CHf（t） values of -13.9 to -6.4 and two-stage depleted mantle Hf model ages of 1.68-2.15 Ga, which indicate that the magma was formed by partial melting of the Paleo- proterozoic metasedimentary protoliths in the Cathaysia Block. The zircons from the Kengkou granite have eHf（t） values ranging from -40.7 to 31.5 and yield two-stage depleted mantle Hf model ages of 0.99 -2.49 Ga, indicating magma origin from a mixed source. The Hucun and Kengkou dykes, together with the Triassic A-type granites in SE China were probably generated during magmatism associated with crust-mantle decoupling along the convergent plate boundary between SCB and the Indochina Block.

关键词： Granitic dykes Geochronology Geochemistry lndosinian Eastern South China Block

Thermal History since the Paleozoic in the Eastern Qaidam Basin,Northwest China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第2期93卷 297-306页

作者： WANG Li LI Zongxing LIU Chenglin PENG Bo FANGXinxin YUAN Guide Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Geological Survey Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Institute of geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum PetroChina Qinghai Oilfield Company Branch of Petroleum Exploration

The Qaidam Basin is the one of the three major petroliferous basins in northeastern Tibetan Plateau, which has experienced multiphase superimposition and transformation. The study of thermal history not only plays an important role on revealing the tectonic origin of the Qaidam Basin and the forming mechanism and uplift history of the Tibetan Plateau,but also can provide scientific evidence for the assessment of oil and gas resources. This work used balanced cross-section technique and apatite fission track ages with modeling of fission track length distribution to infer that the eastern Qaidam Basin has experienced significant tectonic movement in the Early Jurassic movement(～200 Ma), which caused the carboniferous uplift and denudation, the geological movement in the Late Cretaceous, characterized by early stretching and late northeast-southwest extrusion; the Himalayan movement in multi-stage development in eastern Qaidam Basin, which can be divided into the early Himalayan movement(41.1–33.6 Ma) and the late Himalayan movement(9.6–7.1 Ma, 2.9–1.8 Ma), and large-scale orogeny caused pre-existing faults reactivated in late Himalayan movement. On the basis of burial history reconstruction, the thermal history of eastern Qaidam Basin was restored. The result shows that the thermal history in eastern Qaidam Basin shows slow cooling characteristics; the paleo-geothermal gradient of eastern Qaidam Basin was 38–41.5℃/km, with an average value of 39.0℃/km in the Late Paleozoic, 29–35.2℃/km, with an average value of 33.0℃/km in the Early Paleogene; the geothermal gradient of the Qaidam Basin increased in the Late Paleogene, which was similar to the present geothermal gradient in the Late Neogene. The characteristics of the tectono-thermal evolution since Paleozoic in the eastern Qaidam Basin are mainly controlled by magmatic thermal events in the study area.

关键词： thermal history balanced cross-sections technique fission track eastern Qaidam Basin

Geochronology and Hf Isotopes of Granite Gravel from Fanjingshan, South China: Implication for the Precambrian Tectonic Evolution of Western Jiangnan Orogen

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Journal of Earth Science 2014年第4期25卷 619-629页

作者： Jinbao Su Yueqiao Zhang Shuwen Dong Xuanhua Chen Yong Li Jianjun Cui School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Hohai University Institute of geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

The debate of assembly time between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks has aroused the disputation on the formation mechanism of Jiangnan orogen, South China. Therefore widespread magmatism of 830-750 Ma in South China is interpreted as the product of either plume or arc magmatism, which results in distinctive depositional background in the Neoproterozoic. Granite gravel located at the unconformity between the Banxi Group and Fanjingshan Group of the western Jiangnan orogen was collected, which gave a new age limit to the deposition of the Banxi Group and Nanhu rift. Zircons from the granite gravel crystallized yield a weighted mean 2~6pb/238U age of 789~11 Ma, which probably represents the end of the Jiangnan orogeny and marks the onset of Nanhua rift. These zircons have negative εHf（t） of -2.1 to -6.0, with TDM of 1.38-1.52 Ga and Tcrust of 1.81-1.98 Ga indicating an old continental crust origin for the granite.

关键词： Jiangnan orogeny Nanhua rift Rodinia Neoproterozoic.

The Mechanics of Gravitation—What It Is;How It Operates

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International Journal of Geosciences 2017年第4期8卷 462-470页

作者： Roger Ellman The-origin Foundation Inc. Santa Rosa USA

From a start of only the limitation on the speed of light, the necessity of conservation, and the impossibility of an infinity in material reality, the present paper presents a comprehensive development of the mechanics, the operation of gravitation. Experience shows that everything has a cause and that those causes are themselves the results of precedent causes, and ad infinitum. Defining and comprehending the causality or mechanism operating to produce any observed behavior is essential to understanding or explaining the behavior. The behavior of gravitation is well known, described by Newton’s Law of Gravitation. But what gravitational mass is, how gravitational behavior comes about, what in material reality produces the effects of gravitation, is little understood. The extant hypotheses include Einstein’s General Relativity’s bending of space, efforts to develop “quantum gravitation”, and attempts to detect “gravitons”. None of those addresses the cause, the mechanism of gravitation. As demonstrated in the present and its prior papers, gravitation is an outward flow from gravitating masses. That means that by manipulating that flow gravitation can be controlled. The procedure for obtaining such control and the design for several various applications are presented in the paper Gravitational and Anti-gravitational Applications which is available in this journal.

关键词： Gravitation Newton’s “Big G” Fundamental Constants

Gravitational and Anti-Gravitational Applications

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International Journal of Geosciences 2017年第4期8卷 471-493页

作者： Roger Ellman The-origin Foundation Inc. Santa Rosa USA

Because gravitation operates by a flow from the attracting object acting on the attracted object as shown in the prior papers Connecting Newton’s G With the Rest of Physics-Modern Newtonian Gravitation Resolving the Problem of “Big G’s” Value and The Mechanics of Gravitation-What It Is;How It Operates, it is now possible to partially deflect gravitation away from an object so that the gravitational attraction on the object is reduced. That effect makes it possible to extract energy from the gravitational field, which makes the generation of gravito-electric power technologically feasible. Such plants would be similar to hydro-electric plants and would have their advantages of not needing fuel and not polluting the environment. Physically, the action of deflecting away gravitational attraction, which of course is directed toward the gravitation source, produces an equal but opposite reaction on the mechanism that produces the deflection of the gravitational action [the deflector], a reaction directed away from the gravitation source. The result is the combination of reducing the gravitational attractive acceleration of the object toward the gravitation source plus the introducing of a reactive acceleration on the object in the direction away from the gravitation source. Such a deflector, engineered to enable controlled adjustment of the amount and the direction of its action, could provide for a spacecraft both launch levitation and deep space travel acceleration. It could provide both levitation and horizontal motion for a flying vehicle over a planet surface. This technology, which uses readily abundantly available materials and techniques, is ready now for research and engineering refinement.

关键词： Gravitation Electric Power Plants Gravitational Levitation

Connecting Newton’s G with the Rest of Physics—Modern Newtonian Gravitation Resolving the Problem of “Big G’s” Value

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International Journal of Geosciences 2017年第4期8卷 425-443页

作者： Roger Ellman The-origin Foundation Inc. Santa Rosa USA

As a simplified, idealized understanding of a physical system the General Relativity model has been highly successful in its gravitational role. However, it fails to address the problem of sufficiently precise measurement of “Big G”, the Newtonian Gravitation Constant, and has failed to obtain connection of “Big G” to the rest of physics. Because “Big G” arises naturally from Newton’s treatment of gravitation, this paper elaborates the Modern Newtonian Model of Gravitation and through it resolves the problems of “Big G” at which General Relativity has failed. Specifically: The causes of the problems in measuring “Big G” are resolved, “Big G” is connected to the rest of physics, and a sufficiently precise value of “Big G” is obtained by calculation from other fundamental physical constants. The companion paper The Experimental Data Validation of Modern Newtonian Gravitation over General Relativity Gravitation, which is available in this journal, publishes the results of this paper’s “Part V—Testing the Hypothesis and the Derivation”.

关键词： Gravitation Newton’s “Big G” Fundamental Constants