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Surface ozone in global cities:A synthesis of basic features,exposure risk,and leading meteorological driving factors

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Geography and Sustainability 2024年第1期5卷 64-76页

作者： Jinmian Ni Jiming Jin Yanwen Wang Bin Li Qian Wu Yanfei Chen Shenwen Du Yilin Li Chao He College of Resources and Environment Yangtze UniversityWuhan 430100China Hubei Key Laboratory of Petroleum geochemistry and Environment Yangtze UniversityWuhan 430100China School of Resource and Environmental Science Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China Economics and Management College China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

Long-term exposure to high surface ozone(O_(3))concentrations,a complex oxidative atmospheric pollutant,can adversely impact human *** on O_(3)monitoring data from 261 cities worldwide in 2020,generalized additive model(GAM)and spatial data analysis(SDA)methods were applied in this study to quantitatively evaluate the spatiotemporal distribution of O_(3)concentration,exposure risk,and dominant meteorological *** indicated that over 40%of the cities worldwide were exposed to harmful O_(3)concentration ranges(40-60μg/m^(3)),with most cities distributed in China and ***,significant seasonal variations in global O_(3)concentrations were observed,presenting as summer(45.6μg/m^(3))>spring(47.3μg/m^(3))>autumn(38.0μg/m^(3))>winter(33.6μg/m^(3)).Exposure analysis revealed that approximately 12.2%of the population in 261 cities were exposed to an environment with high O_(3)concentrations(80-160μg/m^(3)),with about 36.32 million people in major ***,the persistent increase in high O_(3)levels worldwide is a critical factor contributing to threats to human ***,GAM results indicated temperature,relative humidity,and wind speed as primary determinants of O_(3)*** synergy of meteorological factors is critical for understanding O_(3)*** findings are important for enforcing robust air quality policies and mitigating public risk.

关键词： Ozone pollution Spatiotemporal variation Exposure risk GAM Meteorological factors

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Intelligent geochemical interpretation of mass chromatograms:Based on convolution neural network

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 752-764页

作者： Kai-Ming Su Jun-Gang Lu Jian Yu Zi-Xing Lu Shi-Jia Chen Hubei Key Laboratory of Petroleum geochemistry and Environment Wuhan430100HubeiChina College of Resources and Environment Yangtze UniversityWuhan430100HubeiChina School of Geoscience and Technology Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500SichuanChina Changqing Oilfield Company PetroChinaXi'an710021ShaanxiChina

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)is an extremely important analytical technique that is widely used in organic *** is the only approach to capture biomarker features of organic matter and provides the key evidence for oil-source correlation and thermal maturity ***,the conventional way of processing and interpreting the mass chromatogram is both timeconsuming and labor-intensive,which increases the research cost and restrains extensive applications of this *** overcome this limitation,a correlation model is developed based on the convolution neural network(CNN)to link the mass chromatogram and biomarker features of samples from the Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin,*** this way,the mass chromatogram can be automatically *** research first performs dimensionality reduction for 15 biomarker parameters via the factor analysis and then quantifies the biomarker features using two indexes(*** and PMI)that represent the organic matter thermal maturity and parent material type,***,training,interpretation,and validation are performed multiple times using different CNN models to optimize the model structure and hyper-parameter setting,with the mass chromatogram used as the input and the obtained MI and PMI values for supervision(label).The optimized model presents high accuracy in automatically interpreting the mass chromatogram,with R2values typically above 0.85 and0.80 for the thermal maturity and parent material interpretation results,*** significance of this research is twofold:(i)developing an efficient technique for geochemical research;(ii)more importantly,demonstrating the potential of artificial intelligence in organic geochemistry and providing vital references for future related studies.

关键词： organic geochemistry Biomarker Mass chromatographic analysis Automated interpretation Convolution neural network Machine learning

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Blockchain-based immunization against kleptographic attacks

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 172-183页

作者： Changsong JIANG Chunxiang XU Jie CHEN Kefei CHEN School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou) University of Electronic Science and Technology of China department of Mathematics Hangzhou Normal University

Adversarial implementations of cryptographic primitives called kleptographic attacks cause the leakage of secret information. Subliminal channel attacks are one of the kleptographic attacks. In such attacks, backdoors are embedded in implementations of randomized algorithms to elaborately control randomness generation, such that the secrets will be leaked from biased outputs. To thwart subliminal channel attacks, double-splitting is a feasible solution, which splits the randomness generator of a randomized algorithm into two independent generators. In this paper, we instantiate double-splitting to propose a secure randomness generation algorithm dubbed SRG using two physically independent generators: ordinary and public randomness generators. Based on public blockchains, we construct the public randomness generator,which can be verified publicly. Hashes of a sufficient number of consecutive blocks that are newly confirmed on a blockchain are used to produce public randomness. In SRG, outputs from the two generators are taken as inputs of an immunization function. SRG accomplishes immunization against subliminal channel ***, we discuss the application strategies of SRG for symmetric and public-key encryption.

关键词： kleptographic attacks subliminal channel blockchain immunization randomized algorithm

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Reactive Transport Process of Earthquake-induced Hydrochemical Changes in Guanding Thermal Spring,Western Sichuan,China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第1期98卷 241-249页

作者： NA Jin JIANG Xue SHI Zheming CHEN Yanmei Hubei Key Laboratory of Petroleum geochemistry and Environment(yangtze university) Wuhan 430100China School of Environmental Studies China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China School of Water Resources and Environment China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining Beijing 100000China

Earthquake-related hydrochemical changes in thermal springs have been widely observed;however,quantitative modeling of the reactive transport process is *** the present study,we apply reactive transport simulation to capture the hydrochemical responses in a thermal spring following the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 and Lushan Ms 7.0 *** first constrain deep reservoir geothermal fluid compositions and temperature by multicomponent geothermometry,and then a reactive geochemical transport model is constructed to reproduce the hydrochemical evolution *** results show that the recharge from the shallow aquifer increases gradually until it reaches a peak because of the permeability enhancement caused by the Lushan earthquake,which may be the mechanism to explain the earthquake-related hydrochemical *** contrast to the postseismic effect of the Wenchuan earthquake,the chemical evolution can be considered as hydrochemical anomalies related to the Lushan *** study proves that the efficient simulation of reactive transport processes is useful for investigating earthquake-related signals in hydrochemical time series.

关键词： earthquake hydrochemical changes reactive geochemical transport model Kangding area

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The photosynthetic oxygen evolution does not exclude the important role and contribution of bicarbonate photolysis

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第1期43卷 174-179页

作者： Yanyou Wu Shaogang Guo State Key Laboratory of Environmental geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081People’s Republic of China university of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049People’s Republic of China

Photosynthesis is the most important biochemical reaction on Earth. It has co-evolved and developed with the Earth, driving the biogeochemical cycle of all elements on the planet and serving as the only chemical process in nature that can convert light energy into chemical energy. Some heavy oxygen isotopic(^(18)O) labeling experiments have"conclusively" demonstrated that the oxygen released by photosynthesis comes only from water and are written into textbooks. However, it is not difficult to find that bicarbonate has never been excluded from the direct substrate of photosynthesis from beginning to end during the history of photosynthesis research. No convincing mechanism can be used to explain photosynthetic oxygen evolution solely from water photolysis. The bicarbonate effect, the Dole effect, the thermodynamic convenience of bicarbonate photolysis, the crystal structure characteristics of photosystem Ⅱ, and the reinterpretation of heavy oxygen isotopic labeling(^(18)O)experiments all indicate that the photosynthetic oxygen evolution does not exclude the important role and contribution of bicarbonate photolysis. The recently proposed view that bicarbonate photolysis is the premise of water photolysis, bicarbonate photolysis and water photolysis work together with a 1:1(mol/mol) stoichiometric relationship, and the stoichiometric relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide released during photosynthetic oxygen evolution is also 1:1, has excellent applicability and objectivity, which can logically and reasonably explain the precise coordination between light and dark reactions during photosynthesis, the bicarbonate effect, the Dole effect, the Kok cycle and the neutrality of water and carbon in *** is of great significance for constructing the bionic artificial photosynthetic reactors and scientifically answering the question of the source of elemental stoichiometric relationships in nature.

关键词： Bicarbonate effect Dole effect Kok cycle Heavy oxygen isotope Artificial photosynthetic reactor

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Multiple Uplift and Exhumation of the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau:Evidence from Low-Temperature Thermochronology

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第3期98卷 569-584页

作者： WU Limin PENG Touping FAN Weiming ZHAO Guochun GAO Jianfeng DONG Xiaohan PENG Shili MIN Kang Tin Aung MYINT State Key Laboratory of Isotope geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science Guangzhou 510640China university of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101China department of Earth Sciences The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) ZhuhaiGuangdong 519085China department of Geology University of MandalayMandalay 05011Myanmar

Since the Cenozoic,the Tibetan Plateau has experienced large-scale uplift and outgrowth due to the India-Asia ***,the mechanism and timing of these tectonic processes still remain ***,using apatite fission track dating and inverse thermal modeling,we explore the mechanism of different phases of rapid cooling for different batholiths and intrusions in the southeastern Tibetan *** contrast to previous views,we find that the coeval granitic batholith exposed in the same tectonic zone experienced differential fast uplift in different sites,indicating that the present Tibetan Plateau was the result of differential uplift rather than the entire lithosphere uplift related to lithospheric collapse during Cenozoic *** addition,we also suggest that the 5-2 Ma mantle-related magmatism should be regarded as the critical trigger for the widely coeval cooling event in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau,because it led to the increase in atmospheric CO_(2)level and a hotter upper crust than before,which are efficient for suddenly fast rock weathering and ***,we propose that the current landform of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau was the combined influences of tectonic and climate.

关键词： apatite fission track rapid cooling differential uplift magmatism southeastern Tibetan Plateau

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Epigenetic modifications of placenta in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and their offspring

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第3期15卷 378-391页

作者： Yan Yi Tao Wang Wei Xu San-Hong Zhang department of Ultrasonography The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze UniversityJingzhou 434000Hubei ProvinceChina Clinical Molecular Immunology Center Yangtze UniversityJingzhou 434023Hubei ProvinceChina department of Pediatric Xiantao First People’s HospitalXiantao 433000Hubei ProvinceChina

Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a pregnancy-related complication characterized by abnormal glucose metabolism in pregnant women and has an important impact on fetal *** a bridge between the mother and the fetus,the placenta has nutrient transport functions,endocrine functions,etc.,and can regulate placental nutrient transport and fetal growth and development according to maternal metabolic *** by means of placental transmission can changes in maternal hyperglycemia affect the *** are many reports on the placental pathophysiological changes associated with GDM,the impacts of GDM on the growth and development of offspring,and the prevalence of GDM in offspring after *** epigenetic changes in GDM are involved in the programming of fetal development and are involved in the pathogenesis of later chronic *** paper summarizes the effects of changes in placental nutrient transport function and hormone secretion levels due to maternal hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia on the development of offspring as well as the participation of changes in placental epigenetic modifications due to maternal hyperglycemia in intrauterine fetal programming to promote a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of placental epigenetic modifications on the development of offspring from patients with GDM.

关键词： Gestational diabetes mellitus Placental functions Epigenetics Offspring development

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Evaluation of laboratory and environmental exposure systems for protein modification upon gas pollutants and environmental factors

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 213-223页

作者： Zhiwei Pan ShiyiWu Qiaoze Zhu Fobang Liu Yongjian Liang Chenglei Pei Haoyu Jiang Yingyi Zhang Senchao Lai The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters Ministry of EducationSchool of Environment and EnergySouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China department of Environmental Science and Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Guangzhou Sub-branch of Guangdong Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center Guangzhou 510006China State Key Laboratory of organic geochemistry Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilizationand Joint Laboratory of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area for the EnvironmentGuangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China

Chemical modifications of proteins induced by ambient ozone(O_(3))and nitrogen oxides(NOx)are of public health concerns due to their potential to trigger respiratory *** laboratory and environmental exposure systems have been widely used to investigate their relevant mechanism in the *** bovine serum albumin(BSA)as a model protein,we evaluated the two systems and aimed to reduce the uncertainties of both the reactants and products in the corresponding kinetic *** the laboratory simulation system,the generated gaseous pollutants showed negligible *** layers of BSA were coated on the flow tube with protein extraction recovery of 87.4%.For environmental exposure experiment,quartz fiber filter was selected as the upper filter with low gaseous O_(3)(8.0%)and NO_(2)(1.7%)losses,and cellulose acetate filter was appropriate for the lower filter with protein extraction efficiency of 95.2%.The protein degradation process was observed without the exposure to atmospheric oxidants and contributed to the loss of protein monomer mass fractions,while environmental factors(e.g.,molecular oxygen and ultraviolet)may cause greater protein monomer *** on the evaluation,the study exemplarily applied the two systems to protein modification and both showed that O_(3) promotes the protein oligomerization and nitration,while increased temperature can accelerate the oligomerization and increased relative humidity can inhibit the nitration in the environmental exposure *** developed laboratory and environmental systems are suitable for studying protein modifications formed under different atmospheric conditions.A combination of the two will further reveal the actual mechanism of protein modifications.

关键词： Protein modification Laboratory simulation Environmental exposure Oligomerization Nitration

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The Boundedness of the Pullback Attractor for a 2D Micropolar Fluid Flows

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2024年

作者： Wen-long SUN Chun-lin LAI Yun-yun LIANG School of information and mathematics Yangtze University

The purpose of this work is to investigate the boundedness of the pullback attractors for the micropolar fluid flows in two-dimensional unbounded domains. Exactly, the H1-boundedness and H2-boundedness of the pullback attractors are established when the external force F (t, x) has different regularity with respect to time variable, respectively.

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A survey on blockchain-enabled federated learning and its prospects with digital twin

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第2期10卷 248-264页

作者： Kangde Liu Zheng Yan Xueqin Liang Raimo Kantola Chuangyue Hu State Key Lab on Integrated Services Network School of Cyber EngineeringXidian UniversityXi'anChina department of Communications and Networking Aalto UniversityEspooFinland yangtze Delta Region Blockchain Technology Research Institute JiaxingChina

Digital Twin(DT)supports real time analysis and provides a reliable simulation platform in the Internet of Things(IoT).The creation and application of DT hinges on amounts of data,which poses pressure on the application of Artificial Intelligence(AI)for DT descriptions and intelligent *** Learning(FL)is a cutting-edge technology that enables geographically dispersed devices to collaboratively train a shared global model locally rather than relying on a data center to perform model ***,DT can benefit by combining with FL,successfully solving the"data island"problem in traditional ***,FL still faces serious challenges,such as enduring single-point failures,suffering from poison attacks,lacking effective incentive *** the successful deployment of DT,we should tackle the issues caused by *** from industry and academia have recognized the potential of introducing Blockchain Technology(BT)into FL to overcome the challenges faced by FL,where BT acting as a distributed and immutable ledger,can store data in a secure,traceable,and trusted ***,to the best of our knowledge,a comprehensive literature review on this topic is still *** this paper,we review existing works about blockchain-enabled FL and visualize their prospects with *** this end,we first propose evaluation requirements with respect to security,faulttolerance,fairness,efficiency,cost-saving,profitability,and support for ***,we classify existing literature according to the functionalities of BT in FL and analyze their advantages and disadvantages based on the proposed evaluation ***,we discuss open problems in the existing literature and the future of DT supported by blockchain-enabled FL,based on which we further propose some directions for future research.

关键词： Digital twin Artificial intelligence Federated learning Blockchain

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