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Regulation effects of water and nitrogen on yield,water,and nitrogen use efficiency of wolfberry

Journal of Arid Land 2024年第1期16卷 29-45页

作者： GAO Yalin QI Guangping MA Yanlin YIN Minhua WANG Jinghai WANG Chen TIAN Rongrong XIAO Feng LU Qiang WANG Jianjun College of water conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou 730070China Jingtaichuan Electric Power Irrigation water Resource Utilization center in Gansu Province Baiyin 730900China

Wolfberry(Lycium barbarum L.)is important for health care and ecological protection.However,it faces problems of low productivity and resource utilization during planting.Exploring reasonable models for water and nitrogen management is important for solving these problems.Based on field trials in 2021 and 2022,this study analyzed the effects of controlling soil water and nitrogen application levels on wolfberry height,stem diameter,crown width,yield,and water(WUE)and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE).The upper and lower limits of soil water were controlled by the percentage of soil water content to field water capacity(θ_(f)),and four water levels,i.e.,adequate irrigation(W0,75%-85%θ_(f)),mild water deficit(W1,65%-75%θ_(f)),moderate water deficit(W2,55%-65%θ_(f)),and severe water deficit(W3,45%-55%θ_(f))were used,and three nitrogen application levels,i.e.,no nitrogen(N0,0 kg/hm^(2)),low nitrogen(N1,150 kg/hm^(2)),medium nitrogen(N2,300 kg/hm^(2)),and high nitrogen(N3,450 kg/hm^(2))were implied.The results showed that irrigation and nitrogen application significantly affected plant height,stem diameter,and crown width of wolfberry at different growth stages(Pwater treatment.Dry weight per hundred grains and dry weight percentage increased with increasing nitrogen application under W0 treatment.However,under other water treatments,the values first increased and then decreased with increasing nitrogen application.Yield and its component of wolfberry first increased and then decreased as water deficit increased under the same nitrogen treatment.Irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE,8.46 kg/(hm^(2)·mm)),WUE(6.83 kg/(hm^(2)·mm)),partial factor productivity of nitrogen(PFPN,2.56 kg/kg),and NUE(14.29 kg/kg)reached their highest values in W2N2,W1N2,W1N2,and W1N1 treatments.Results of principal component analysis(PCA)showe

关键词： water deficit growth characteristics yield water and nitrogen use efficiency principal component analysis

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Runoff change in the Yellow River Basin of China from 1960 to 2020 and its driving factors

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第2期16卷 168-194页

作者： WANG Baoliang WANG Hongxiang JIAO Xuyang HUANG Lintong CHEN Hao GUO Wenxian School of water conservancy North China University of Water Resources and Electric PowerZhengzhou 450046China College of water Resources North China University of Water Resources and Electric PowerZhengzhou 450046China

Analysing runoff changes and how these are affected by climate change and human activities is deemed crucial to elucidate the ecological and hydrological response mechanisms of rivers.The Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration and the Range of Variability Approach(IHA-RVA)method,as well as the ecological indicator method,were employed to quantitatively assess the degree of hydrologic change and ecological response processes in the Yellow River Basin from 1960 to 2020.Using Budyko's water heat coupling balance theory,the relative contributions of various driving factors(such as precipitation,potential evapotranspiration,and underlying surface)to runoff changes in the Yellow River Basin were quantitatively evaluated.The results show that the annual average runoff and precipitation in the Yellow River Basin had a downwards trend,whereas the potential evapotranspiration exhibited an upwards trend from 1960 to 2020.In approximately 1985,it was reported that the hydrological regime of the main stream underwent an abrupt change.The degree of hydrological change was observed to gradually increase from upstream to downstream,with a range of 34.00%-54.00%,all of which are moderate changes.However,significant differences have been noted among different ecological indicators,with a fluctuation index of 90.00%at the outlet of downstream hydrological stations,reaching a high level of change.After the mutation,the biodiversity index of flow in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River was generally lower than that in the base period.The research results also indicate that the driving factor for runoff changes in the upper reach of the Yellow River Basin is mainly precipitation,with a contribution rate of 39.31%-54.70%.Moreover,the driving factor for runoff changes in the middle and lower reaches is mainly human activities,having a contribution rate of 63.70%-84.37%.These results can serve as a basis to strengthen the protection and restoration efforts in the Yellow River Basin and further promote the rational development an

关键词： Budyko theory hydrological regime attribution analysis ecological responses Yellow River climate change human activity runoff

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Spatio-temporal Variation Characteristics of Extreme Climate Events and Their Teleconnections to Large-scale Ocean-atmospheric Circulation Patterns in Huaihe River Basin,China During 1959–2019

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Chinese Geographical Science 2024年第1期34卷 118-134页

作者： YAO Tian ZHAO Qiang WU Chuanhao HU Xiaonong XIA Chuan'an WANG Xuan SANG Guoqiang LIU Jian WANG Haijun School of water conservancy and Environment University of JinanJinan250022China Yangtze Institute for Conservation and development Hohai UniversityNanjing210098China Zijin School of Geology and Mining Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China water Research Institute of Shandong Province Jinan250014China Shandong Provincial Bureau of Hydrology and water Resources Jinan250100China

Huaihe River Basin(HRB) is located in China’s north-south climatic transition zone,which is very sensitive to global climate change.Based on the daily maximum temperature,minimum temperature,and precipitation data of 40 meteorological stations and nine monthly large-scale ocean-atmospheric circulation indices data during 1959–2019,we present an assessment of the spatial and temporal variations of extreme temperature and precipitation events in the HRB using nine extreme climate indices,and analyze the teleconnection relationship between extreme climate indices and large-scale ocean-atmospheric circulation indices.The results show that warm extreme indices show a significant(P < 0.05) increasing trend,while cold extreme indices(except for cold spell duration) and diurnal temperature range(DTR) show a significant decreasing trend.Furthermore,all extreme temperature indices show significant mutations during 1959-2019.Spatially,a stronger warming trend occurs in eastern HRB than western HRB,while maximum 5-d precipitation(Rx5day) and rainstorm days(R25) show an increasing trend in the southern,central,and northwestern regions of HRB.Arctic oscillation(AO),Atlantic multidecadal oscillation(AMO),and East Atlantic/Western Russia(EA/WR) have a stronger correlation with extreme climate indices compared to other circulation indices.AO and AMO(EA/WR) exhibit a significant(P < 0.05) negative(positive)correlation with frost days and diurnal temperature range.Extreme warm events are strongly correlated with the variability of AMO and EA/WR in most parts of HRB,while extreme cold events are closely related to the variability of AO and AMO in eastern HRB.In contrast,AMO,AO,and EA/WR show limited impacts on extreme precipitation events in most parts of HRB.

关键词： extreme climate indices Sen’s slope variation mutation test atmospheric circulation indices Pearson’s correlation analysis Huaihe River Basin(HRB),China

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Unlocking the potential of thin-film composite reverse osmosis membrane performance:Insights from mass transfer modeling

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第5期35卷 66-76页

作者： Kexin Yuan Yulei Liu Haoran Feng Yi Liu Jun Cheng Beiyang Luo Qinglian Wu Xinyu Zhang Ying Wang Xian Bao Wanqian Guo Jun Ma State Key Laboratory of Urban water Resource and Environment School of EnvironmentHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China College of Architecture and Environment Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China School of municipal and Environmental Engineering Shandong Jianzhu UniversityJi’nan 250101China College of water conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Sichuan Agricultural UniversityYaan 625014China

Thin-film composite(TFC)reverse osmosis(RO)membranes have attracted considerable attention in water treatment and desalination processes due to their specific separation advantages.Nevertheless,the trade-off effect between water flux and salt rejection poses huge challenges to further improvement in TFC RO membrane performance.Numerous research works have been dedicated to optimizing membrane fabrication and modification for addressing this issue.In the meantime,several reviews summarized these approaches.However,the existing reviews seldom analyzed these methods from a theoretical perspective and thus failed to offer effective optimization directions for the RO process from the root cause.In this review,we first propose a mass transfer model to facilitate a better understanding of the entire process of how water and solute permeate through RO membranes in detail,namely the migration process outside the membrane,the dissolution process on the membrane surface,and the diffusion process within the membrane.Thereafter,the water and salt mass transfer behaviors obtained from model deduction are comprehensively analyzed to provide potential guidelines for alleviating the trade-off effect between water flux and salt rejection in the RO process.Finally,inspired by the theoretical analysis and the accurate identification of existing bottlenecks,several promising strategies for both regulating RO membranes and optimizing operational conditions are proposed to further exploit the potential of RO membrane performance.This review is expected to guide the development of high-performance RO membranes from a mass transfer theory standpoint.

关键词： Reverse osmosis Mass transfer model Trade-off effect Membrane performance Optimization strategies

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Recent advances and perspectives of zinc metal-free anodes for zinc ion batteries

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第1期31卷 33-47页

作者： Jiabing Miao Yingxiao Du Ruotong Li Zekun Zhang Ningning Zhao Lei Dai Ling Wang Zhangxing He Science and Technology Innovation center of Circular Economy Ha’erwusu Open-Pit Coal MineChina Shenhua Energy Co.Ltd.Ordos 010300China Research center of Comprehensive Utilization of Coal Associated Resources National Energy GroupOrdos 010300China School of Chemical Engineering North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan 063009China

Zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs) are recognized as potential energy storage devices due to their advantages of low cost, high energy density, and environmental friendliness. However, zinc anodes are subject to unavoidable zinc dendrites, passivation, corrosion, and hydrogen evolution reactions during the charging and discharging of batteries, becoming obstacles to the practical application of ZIBs. Appropriate zinc metal-free anodes provide a higher working potential than metallic zinc anodes, effectively solving the problems of zinc dendrites, hydrogen evolution, and side reactions during the operation of metallic zinc anodes. The improvement in the safety and cycle life of batteries creates conditions for further commercialization of ZIBs. Therefore, this work systematically introduces the research progress of zinc metal-free anodes in “rocking chair” ZIBs. Zinc metal-free anodes are mainly discussed in four categories: transition metal oxides,transition metal sulfides, MXene(two dimensional transition metal carbide) composites, and organic compounds, with discussions on their properties and zinc storage mechanisms. Finally, the outlook for the development of zinc metal-free anodes is proposed. This paper is expected to provide a reference for the further promotion of commercial rechargeable ZIBs.

关键词： zinc ion batteries anode zinc metal-free anode recent advances perspectives

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Advancement of metal(loid) research on farmland

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第3期11卷 442-467页

作者： Qiang ZHENG Chenchen WEI Yanbing CHI Peiling YANG College of water Resources and Civil Engineering China Agricultural University Agricultural water conservancy Department Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute Zhejiang University of water Resources and Electric Power

Metal(loid) pollution has emerged as a pressing environmental issue in agriculture, garnering extensive public attention. Metal(loid)s are potentially toxic substances that infiltrate the soil through diverse pathways, leading to food chain contamination via plant uptake and subsequent animal exposure.This poses a serious threat to environmental quality, food security, and human health. Hence, the remediation of metal(loid)-contaminated agricultural soil is an urgent concern demanding immediate attention. Presently, the majority of research papers concentrate on established, isolated remediation technologies, often overlooking comprehensive field management approaches.It is imperative to provide a comprehensive summary of remediation technologies and identify future development directions. This review aims to comprehensively summarize a range of soil remediation and enhancement technologies, incorporating insights from multiple disciplines including physics,chemistry, biology, and their interdisciplinary intersections. The review examines the mechanisms of action, suitable scenarios, advantages,disadvantages, and benefits associated with each remediation technology.Particularly relevant is the examination of metal(loid) sources, as well as the mechanisms behind both established and innovative, efficient remediation and enhancement technologies. Additionally, the future evolution of remediation technologies are considered with the aim of offering a scientific research foundation and inspiration to fellow researchers. This is intended to facilitate the advancement of remediation technologies and establish a robust foundation for sustainable development of soil.

关键词： Metal(loid) pollution metal(loid) remediation metal(loid) sources soil

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Characteristics and influencing factors of greenhouse gas emissions from reservoirs in the Yellow River Basin:A Meta-analysis

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第7期67卷 2210-2225页

作者： Shurui HUANG Peijia ZHANG Wenxiu ZHENG Jiajia ZHANG Yang LI Yuanjian WANG Enhui JIANG Shaoda LIU Xinghui XIA State Key Laboratoy of water Environment Simulation School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 00875China Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research Yellow River Conservancy CommissionZhengzhou 450003China

Reservoir construction and operation profoundly alter the hydrological,hydrodynamic,and carbon and nitrogen cycling processes of rivers.However,current research still lacks a systematic understanding of the characteristics of greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions from reservoirs in arid/semi-arid regions.This study integrates existing monitoring data to discuss the characteristics of GHG emissions from reservoirs in the Yellow River Basin and illustrate the controlling factors and underlying mechanism of these processes.The results indicate that while CO_(2) emission flux from reservoirs is lower than that from river channels,the emission fluxes of CH_(4) and N_(2)O are 1.9 times and 10 times those from rivers,respectively,indicating that the emission of GHG with stronger radiative effect is significantly enhanced in reservoirs.Compared to the reservoirs in humid climates(e.g.,the Three Gorges Reservoir),reservoirs in the Yellow River Basin exhibit relatively lower emissions of CO_(2) and CH_4 due to lower organic matter concentrations,but significantly higher N_(2)O emissions due to higher nitrogen loads.Monte Carlo simulations for 237 reservoirs in the Yellow River Basin showed that total emission of the three GHGs is 3.05 Tg CO_(2)-eq yr^(-1),accounting for 0.39% of the total emission from global reservoirs and lower than the area percentage of the basin(0.53%).This study has important implications on revealing the GHG emission characteristics and control mechanisms of reservoirs in arid/semi-arid regions.

关键词： Yellow River Basin Reservoir Greenhouse gas Emission flux water quality

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Dynamic regulation of the irrigation-nitrogen-biochar nexus for the synergy of yield,quality,carbon emission and resource use efficiency in tomato

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 680-697页

作者： Ping’an Zhang Mo Li Qiang Fu Vijay PSingh Changzheng Du Dong Liu Tianxiao Li Aizheng Yang School of water conservancy&Civil Engineering Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural water Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering&Zachry Department of Civil&Environmental Engineering Texas A&M UniversityTX 77843-117USA National water and Energy center UAE UniversityAI Ain999041United Arab Emirates Heilongjiang Agricultural Engineering Vocational College Harbin 150030China

Integrated water and fertilizer management is important for promoting sustainable development of facility agriculture,and biochar plays an important role in guaranteeing food production,as well as alleviating water shortages and the overuse of fertilizers.The field experiment had twelve treatments and a control(CK)trial including two irrigation amounts(I1,100%ETm;I2,60%ETm;where ETm is the maximum evapotranspiration),two nitrogen applications(N1,360 kg ha^(−1);N2,120 kg ha^(−1))and three biochar application levels(B1,60 t ha^(−1);B_(2),30 t ha^(−1)and B3,0 t ha^(−1)).A multi-objective synergistic irrigation-nitrogen-biochar application system for improving tomato yield,quality,water and nitrogen use efficiency,and greenhouse emissions was developed by integrating the techniques of experimentation and optimization.First,a coupled irrigation-nitrogen-biochar plot experiment was arranged.Then,tomato yield and fruit quality parameters were determined experimentally to establish the response relationships between irrigation-nitrogen-biochar dosage and yield,comprehensive quality of tomatoes(TCQ),irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE),partial factor productivity of nitrogen(PFPN),and net greenhouse gas emissions(NGE).Finally,a multi-objective dynamic optimization regulation model of irrigation-nitrogen-biochar resource allocation at different growth stages of tomato was constructed which was solved by the fuzzy programming method.The results showed that the application of irrigation and nitrogen to biochar promoted increase in yield,IWUE and PFPN,while it had an inhibitory effect on NGE.In addition,the optimal allocation amounts of water and fertilizer were different under different scenarios.The yield of the S1 scenario increased by 8.31%compared to the B_(1)I_(1)N_(2) treatment;TCQ of the S2 scenario increased by 5.14%compared to the B_(2)I_(2)N_(1) treatment;IWUE of the S3 scenario increased by 10.01%compared to the B1I2N2 treatment;PFPN of the S4 scenario increased by 9.35%compared to the B_(1)I_(1)N_(2) treatment;a

关键词： irrigation-nitrogen-biochar dynamic regulation multi-dimensional target collaboration tomato sustainability

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Self-supported NiFe-LDH nanosheets on NiMo-based nanorods as high-performance bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting at industrial-level current densities

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 3769-3776页

作者： Yan Zhang Biao Feng MingLei Yan Zhen Shen Yiqun Chen Jingyi Tian Fengfei Xu Guanghai Chen Xizhang Wang Lijun Yang Qiang Wu Zheng Hu Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education(MOE)and Jiangsu Provincial Lab for Nanotechnology School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China College of water conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Sichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’an 625014China

Efficient,durable and economic electrocatalysts are crucial for commercializing water electrolysis technology.Herein,we report an advanced bifunctional electrocatalyst for alkaline water splitting by growing NiFe-layered double hydroxide(NiFe-LDH)nanosheet arrays on the conductive NiMo-based nanorods deposited on Ni foam to form a three-dimensional(3D)architecture,which exhibits exceptional performances for both hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).In overall water splitting,only the low operation voltages of 1.45/1.61 V are required to reach the current density of 10/500 mA·cm^(-2),and the continuous water splitting at an industrial-level current density of 500 mA·cm^(-2) shows a negligible degradation(1.8%)of the cell voltage over 1000 h.The outstanding performance is ascribed to the synergism of the HER-active NiMo-based nanorods and the OER-active NiFe-LDH nanosheet arrays of the hybridized 3D architecture.Specifically,the dense NiFe-LDH nanosheet arrays enhance the local pH on cathode by retarding OH-diffusion and enlarge the electrochemically active surface area on anode,while the conductive NiMo-based nanorods on Ni foam much decrease the charge-transfer resistances of both electrodes.This study provides an efficient strategy to explore advanced bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting by rationally hybridizing HER-and OER-active components.

关键词： alkaline water splitting bifunctional electrocatalysts layered double hydroxides high durability industrial current densities

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Probing the electric double layer structure at nitrogen-doped graphite electrodes by constant-potential molecular dynamics simulations

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第6期93卷 299-305,I0008页

作者： Legeng Yu Nan Yao Yu-Chen Gao Zhong-Heng Fu Bo Jiang Ruiping Li Cheng Tang Xiang Chen Tsinghua center for Green Chemical Engineering Electrification(CCEE) Department of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing Advanced Innovation center for Materials Genome Engineering Institute for Advanced Materials and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China National Materials Corrosion and Protection Data center University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China ordos Carbon Neutral Research and Application Co. Ltd.Ordos 017010Inner Mongoli1China Institute for Carbon Neutrality Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China center for Next-Generation Energy Materials and School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University2066 Seobu-roJangan-guSuwon-siGyeonggi-do 16419Republic of Korea

Electric double layer(EDL)is a critical topic in electrochemistry and largely determines the working performance of lithium batteries.However,atomic insights into the EDL structures on heteroatom-modified graphite anodes and EDL evolution with electrode potential are very lacking.Herein,a constant-potential molecular dynamics(CPMD)method is proposed to probe the EDL structure under working conditions,taking N-doped graphite electrodes and carbonate electrolytes as an example.An interface model was developed,incorporating the electrode potential and atom electronegativities.As a result,an insightful atomic scenario for the EDL structure under varied electrode potentials has been established,which unveils the important role of doping sites in regulating both the EDL structures and the following electrochemical reactions at the atomic level.Specifically,the negatively charged N atoms repel the anions and adsorb Li~+at high and low potentials,respectively.Such preferential adsorption suggests that Ndoped graphite can promote Li~+desolvation and regulate the location of Li~+deposition.This CPMD method not only unveils the mysterious function of N-doping from the viewpoint of EDL at the atomic level but also applies to probe the interfacial structure on other complicated electrodes.

关键词： Lithium batteries Graphite N-doping Electric double layer Molecular dynamics Constant potential method Electrode potential

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