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Bragg Grating Formation in B/Ge Codoped Optical Fibers

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Semiconductor Photonics and Technology 2005年第1期11卷 5-8页

作者： SANGXin-zhu YUChong-xiu ChuPakL LaiRobust ZHANGQi SchoolofElectron.Eng. BeijingUniversityofPostsandTelecommunicationsBeijing100876CHN／／Optoelectron.ResearchCentreCityUniversityofHongkongTatCheeAvenueKowloonHongkongCHN SchoolofElectron.Eng. BeijingUniversityofPostsandTelecommunicationsBeijing100876CHN optoelectron.researchcentre CityUniversityofHongkongTatCheeAvenueKowloonHongkongCHN

A 2-cm long Bragg grating with reflectivity of～99.95% in B/Ge codoped optical fiber without hydrogen loading was created by phase-mask method with a pulsed KrF excimer laser at 248 nm. DC and AC components of refractive index change were analyzed by monitoring transmission spectrum evolution during the writing process of fiber Bragg grating. The relations of the evolution of center wavelength and reflectivity with number of pulses were respectively investigated.

关键词： fiber bragg grating refractive index phase mask method

Opposite fates of fructose in the development of metabolic syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第33期18卷 4478-4480页

作者： Marta Alegret Juan C Laguna Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry School of Pharmacy University ofBarcelona Institute of Biomedicine 08028 Barcelona Spain Biomedical Network researchcentre Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn)08028 Barcelona Spain

This short review comments on the recently published work of Ishimoto et al regarding the opposing effects of fructokinase C and A isoforms on fructoseinduced metabolic syndrome in mice. The framework for the commentary is the preexisting background of epidemiological and experimental data regarding the association between ingestion of fructose, as present in sweetened beverages, and the development of metabolic syndrome. The work of Ishimoto et al clearly confirms the negative effect of fructose on lipid and glucose metabolism, independently from the amount of energy provided by the ingested sugar. It also confirms the absolute requirement of liver fructose metabolism, driven by fructokinase activity, in order to develop the full spectrum of metabolic syndrome alterations.

关键词： Lipid metabolism Fatty liver Obesity Hyperglycemia Dyslipidemia

Historical Evolution of Mariculture in China During Past 40 Years and Its Impacts on Eco-environment

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Chinese Geographical Science 2018年第3期28卷 363-373页

作者： LIANG Yinxiu CHENG Xianwei ZHU Hui Brian SHUTES YAN Baixing ZHOU Qingwei YU Xiangfei Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130102 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Urban Pollution researchcentre Middlesex University Hendon London NW4 4BT UK

The rapid development of mariculture in China in recent decades has satisfied people's demand of seafood, and has made a great contribution to economic development. However, mariculture has also caused some negative impacts on the eco-environment. By statistically analyzing national data(as well as data for four main provinces) regarding the mariculture area and cultivation species in China since reform and opening up, the historical evolution of mariculture during the past 40 years was analyzed, the driving factors related to policy, market and technology innovation were discussed, and the potential impacts of mariculture on the coastal eco-environment were also illustrated. The statistical results indicated that the maricultural area increased radically during the past 40 years, from 1979(116.47 × 10~3 ha) to 2012(2205.65 × 10~3 ha), with an increase of nearly 20-fold. Shandong Province represented the fastest-growing region, with an increase of 31-fold. Moreover, the cultivated species had gradually become diversified. Initially, shellfish and algae were major species, and then it developed to various species including fish, and currently shellfish and crustaceans were the major species. The development of mariculture was driven by government policies, market economy and technology innovation. Rapid development of mariculture also caused significantly adverse impacts on the eco-environment of the coastal regions. For example, the sea reclamation for mariculture decreased the area and function of coastal wetlands and the contaminants originating from mariculture destroyed the coastal aquatic environment. Fortunately, the implementation of ‘13 th Five-Year Fisheries Planning' is expected to help both improve the seafood quality and reduce the contamination in coastal aquatic environment. This current study will provide reference for management and structure adjustment of mariculture in the future.

关键词： mariculture reclamation coastal wetlands aquatic environment pollution

nfertility, impotence, and emasculation - psychosocia ：ontexts for abandoning reproduction

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第3期18卷 403-408,I0008页

作者： Erik Wibowo Thomas W Johnson Richard J Wassersug Vancouver Prostate Centre Vancouver Coastal Health Vancouver British Corumbia Canada Department of Anthropology (Emeritus) California State University ChicoCA USA Department of Medical Neuroscience Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada Australian researchcentre in sex Health and Society La-Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia.

From a Darwinian perspective we live to reproduce, but in various situations genetic males elect not to reproduce by choosing medical treatments leading to infertility, impotence, and, in the extreme, emasculation. For many men, infertility can be psychologically distressing. However, for certain genetic males, being infertile may improve their quality of life. Examples include （1） men who seek vasectomy, （2） individuals with Gender Dysphoria （e.g., transwomen, and modern day voluntary eunuchs）, （3） most gay men, and （4） men treated for testicular and prostate cancer. Men who desire vasectomy typically have a Darwinian fitness W 〉1 at the time of their vasectomies; i.e., after they have their desired number of offspring or consider themselves past an age for parenting newborns. In contrast, prostate and testicular cancer patients, along with individuals with extreme Gender Dysphoria, do not necessarily seek to be sterile, but accept it as an unavoidable consequence of the treatment for their condition undertaken for survival （in case of cancer patients） or to achieve a better quality of life （for those with Gender Dysphoria）. Most gay men do not father children, but they may play an avuncular role, providing for their siblings＇ offspring＇s welfare, thus improving their inclusive fitness through kin selection. In a strictly Darwinian model, the primary motivation for all individuals is to reproduce, but there are many situations for men to remove themselves from the breeding populations because they have achieved a fitness W 〉1, or have stronger medical or psychological needs that preclude remaining fertile.

关键词： emasculation impotence infertility psychological distress

Dynamics of Psychopathology Symptoms in Opiate-Dependent Patients During Therapy

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Psychology Research 2015年第12期5卷 693-700页

作者： Igumnov SergeyAleksandrovich Stan'ko Edward Pavlovich Nestsiarovich Anastasiya Nikolayevna Serbsky Federal Medical researchcentre of Psychiatry and Narcology Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Moscow Russia Educational Institution GrodnoState Medical University Grodno Belarus Belarusian State Medical University Minsk Belarus