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High-risk corneal allografts: A therapeutic challenge

World Journal of Transplantation 2016年第1期6卷 10-27页

作者： Tian Yu Vijayalakshmi Rajendran May Griffith John V Forrester Lucia Kuffová Section of Immunity Infection and Inflammation Division of Applied Medicine School of Medicine and Dentistry Institute of Medical Sciences University of Aberdeen Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre Depart-ment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Linkoping University department of ophthalmology Maisonneuve- Rosemont Hospital Ocular Immunology Program Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science University of Western Australia

Corneal transplantation is the most common surgical procedure amongst solid organ transplants with a high survival rate of 86% at 1-year post-grafting. This high success rate has been attributed to the immune privilege of the eye. However, mechanisms originally thought to promote immune privilege, such as the lack of antigen presenting cells and vessels in the cornea, are challenged by recent studies. Nevertheless, the immunological and physiological features of the cornea promoting a relatively weak alloimmune response is likely responsible for the high survival rate in "low-risk" settings. Furthermore, although corneal graft survival in "lowrisk" recipients is favourable, the prognosis in "high-risk" recipients for corneal graft is poor. In "high-risk" grafts, the process of indirect allorecognition is accelerated by the enhanced innate and adaptive immune responses due to pre-existing inflammation and neovascularization of the host bed. This leads to the irreversible rejection of the allograft and ultimately graft failure. Many therapeutic measures are being tested in pre-clinical and clinical studies to counter the immunological challenge of "high-risk" recipients. Despite the prevailing dogma, recent data suggest that tissue matching together with use of systemic immunosuppression may increase the likelihood of graft acceptance in "high-risk" recipients. However, immunosuppressive drugs are accompanied with intolerance/side effects and toxicity, and therefore, novel cell-based therapies are in development which target host immune cells and restore immune homeostasis without significant side effect of treatment. In addition, developments in regenerative medicinemay be able to solve both important short comings of allotransplantation:(1) graft rejection and ultimate graft failure; and(2) the lack of suitable donor corneas. The advances in technology and research indicate that wider therapeutic choices for patients may be available to address the worldwide problem

关键词： "High-risk" grafts Graft rejection Systemic immunosuppression Cell-based immunomodulation Keratoprosthesis Collagen-based hydrogels

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Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Space Medicine

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Space(Science & Technology) 2022年第1期2022卷 363-369页

作者： Ethan Waisberg Joshua Ong Phani Paladugu Sharif Amit Kamran Nasif Zaman Andrew G.Lee Alireza Tavakkoli University College Dublin School of Medicine BelfieldDublinIreland Michigan Medicine University of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Human-Machine Perception Laboratory Department of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of NevadaRenoRenoNevadaUSA Center for Space Medicine Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA department of ophthalmology Blanton Eye InstituteHouston Methodist HospitalHoustonTexasUSA

The human body undergoes many changes during long-duration spaceflight including musculoskeletal,visual,and behavioral *** of these microgravity-induced effects serve as potential barriers to future exploration *** advent of artificial intelligence(AI)in medicine has progressed rapidly and has many promising applications for maintaining and monitoring astronaut health during ***,the austere environment and unique nature of spaceflight present with challenges in successfully training and deploying successful systems for upholding astronaut health and mission *** this article,the dynamic barriers facing AI development in space medicine are *** diverse challenges range from limited astronaut data for algorithm training to ethical/legal considerations in deploying automated diagnostic systems in the setting of the medically limited space *** to address these challenges is then discussed and future directions for this emerging field of research.

关键词： legal directions barriers

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Thoughts about the origin of cancer

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The Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology 2012年第10期11卷 572-574页

作者： Baihong Zhang Hongyun Yue department of Oncology General Hospital of People's Liberation Army Lanzhou 730050 China department of ophthalmology General Hospital of People's Liberation Army Lanzhou 730050 China

Based upon historical and scientific perspectives in oncology, this review article summarizes the most important theories about the point of origin of cancer. Thoughts about the origin of cancer would offer one of the... 详细信息

关键词： carcinogenesis theory mechanism

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Ephrin-A2 and-A3 are negative regulators of the regenerative potential of Müller cells

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Chinese Medical Journal 2014年第19期127卷 3438-3442页

作者： Zhu Ruilin Cho Kin-Sang Chen Dong Feng Yang Liu department of ophthalmology Peking University First Hospital KeyLaboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration Ministry of EducationBeijing China Schepens Eye Research Institute Massachusetts Eye and EarHarvard Medical School Boston MA USA

Background In a previous study, we demonstrated that ephrin-A2 and -A3 negatively regulate the growth of neural progenitor cells in the central nervous system. Adult mice deficient in ephrin-A2 and -A3 （A2＋A3＋） displayed active ongoing neurogenesis throughout the brain, and mice deficient in ephrin-A3 alone showed increased proliferation of ciliary epithelium derived retinal stem cells. This study aimed to detect that the increase in proliferation and neurogenic potential of MOiler cells is influenced by the absence of ephrin-A2 and -A3. Methods We assessed the retinal and MOiler cell expression of ephrin-As and their receptor and neural progenitor cell markers by immunostaining and real-time PCR. We cultured purified primary MOiler cells derived from wild-type and A2＋A3＋ mice in a defined culture medium that enables trans-differentiation of Mu11er cells into retinal neurons. To evaluate proliferating MOiler cells in vivo, we injected 5＇-ethylnyl-2-deoxiuridine （EdU） intraperitoneally to adult mice. Results Expression of ephrin-A2/A3 and their receptor EphA4 were detected in the retinas of adult mice, with EphA4 expression particularly enriched in MOiler cells. MOiler cells of A2＋A3＋ mice exhibited significantly elevated expression of retinal progenitor cell markers, Pax6 and Chx10, when compared with those from wild-type mice. Moreover, a higher percentage of Mu11er cells of A2＋A3＋ mice trans-differentiated and became recoverin＋ and β-Ⅲ-tublin＋ in the culture than those from wild type mice. Strikingly, an increased number of EdU＋ retinal cells was detected in the retinas of adult A2＋A3＋ mice as compared with wild-type mice. Conclusions Ephrin-A2 and -A3 are negative regulators of the proliferative and neurogenic potentials of Mu11er cells. Manipulating ephrin-A signaling may thus represent a novel strategy for stimulating neuroregeneration from endogenous progenitors to participate in retinal repair in case of disease or damage.

关键词： Muller cell stem cell retinal regeneration

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基质金属蛋白酶在实验性单纯疱疹性角膜炎中的分布表达

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眼科研究 2003年第5期21卷 489-492页

作者：杨燕宁 Dirk Bauer 邢怡桥 Arnd Heiligenhaus 武汉大学人民医院眼科 department of ophthalmology University of Essen45122 EssenGermany

目的明确角膜感染Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒(HSV-1)后基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)及其组织抑制剂(TIMPs)在角膜中的分布。方法 HSV-1(KOS株)接种于BALB/c小鼠角膜上。分别收集正常眼球及感染后第2、7、14及28d的感染眼球行石蜡包埋,并应用抗MMP-2、-8... 详细信息

目的明确角膜感染Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒(HSV-1)后基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)及其组织抑制剂(TIMPs)在角膜中的分布。方法 HSV-1(KOS株)接种于BALB/c小鼠角膜上。分别收集正常眼球及感染后第2、7、14及28d的感染眼球行石蜡包埋,并应用抗MMP-2、-8、-9及TIMP-1、-2的抗体免疫染色角膜切片。结果感染后第2d,MMP-2、-9及TIMP-1、-2的表达比未感染眼增加且表达主要位于浅表基质层及上皮下的炎性细胞中。感染后第14d及28d可见坏死性角膜炎及角膜溃疡形成,角膜基质中及浸润的炎性细胞中尤其是溃疡处可见MMP-2、-9及TIMP-1、-2表达显著增加。溃疡区域可见大量MMP-8阳性染色的中性粒细胞。结论 HSV-1角膜感染后由角膜细胞及浸润的炎性细胞分泌产生的MMPs对于上皮性角膜炎及溃疡形成过程可能起重要作用。

关键词：基质金属蛋白酶实验单纯疱疹性角膜炎 Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂

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Type 2 diabetes and thyroid cancer:Synergized risk with rising air pollution

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World Journal of Diabetes 2023年第7期14卷 1037-1048页

作者： Eva M Kruger Shaimaa A Shehata Eman A Toraih Ahmed A Abdelghany Manal S Fawzy School of Medicine Tulane UniversityNew OrleansLA 70112United States department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Faculty of MedicineSuez Canal UniversityIsmailia 41522Egypt Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery Department of SurgerySchool of MedicineTulane UniversityNew OrleansLA 70112United States Genetics Unit Department of Histology and Cell BiologyFaculty of MedicineSuez Canal UniversityIsmailia 41522Egypt department of ophthalmology Faculty of MedicineSuez Canal UniversityIsmailia 41522Egypt department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of MedicineSuez Canal UniversityIsmailia 41522Egypt department of Biochemistry Faculty of MedicineNorthern Border UniversityArar 1321Saudi Arabia

Diabetes is a complex condition,and the causes are still not fully ***,a growing body of evidence suggests that exposure to air pollution could be linked to an increased risk of ***,exposure to certain pollutants,such as particulate Matter and Ozone,has been associated with higher rates of *** the same time,air pollution has also been linked to an increased risk of thyroid *** there is less evidence linking air pollution to thyroid cancer than to diabetes,it is clear that air pollution could have severe implications for thyroid *** pollution could increase the risk of diabetes and thyroid cancer through several *** example,air pollution could increase inflammation in the body,which is linked to an increased risk of diabetes and thyroid *** pollution could also increase oxidative stress,which is linked to an increased risk of diabetes and thyroid ***,air pollution could increase the risk of diabetes and thyroid cancer by affecting the endocrine *** review explores the link between diabetes and air pollution on thyroid *** will discuss the evidence for an association between air pollution exposure and diabetes and thyroid cancer,as well as the potential implications of air pollution for thyroid *** the connections between diabetes,air pollution,and thyroid cancer,it is essential to take preventive measures to reduce the risk of developing the condition.

关键词： Air pollution Diabetes mellitus Health risk Thyroid cancer Thyroid disorders

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The Effect of Anterior Corneal Astigmatism Orientation on Toric Intraocular Lens Outcomes

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Open Journal of ophthalmology 2019年第2期9卷 84-93页

作者： Eugene A. Lowry Jonathan Li Sundeep K. Kasi Seth Blumberg Priya Morjaria Steven Schallhorn Ayman Naseri department of ophthalmology University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA Retina Service of Wills Eye Hospital Mid Atlantic Retina Philadelphia PA USA Francis I. Proctor Foundation University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA department of Clinical Research London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK department of ophthalmology San Francisco VA Medical Center San Francisco CA USA

Background: It is unclear whether post-operative errors after toric intraocular lens implantation would be more amenable to pre-operative correction with a fixed adjustment or a correction ratio that scales with the magnitude of pre-operative astigmatism. Purpose: To investigate the effect of pre-operative anterior corneal astigmatism orientation on outcomes of toric intraocular lens implantation in a large population. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 625 patients undergoing refractive lens exchange through a superior clear corneal incision with Oculentis M-Plus toric intraocular lens implantation at an Optical Express, Inc. located in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Patients were stratified by axis of astigmatism on automated keratometry as with-the-rule, against-the-rule, or oblique. Analysis of visual acuity and refractive outcomes was performed using American National Standards Institute (ANSI) guidelines on astigmatic corrections with non-vector as well as vector analyses. Analysis was limited to one eye per patient. Results: Patients who had with-the-rule (WTR) astigmatism, compared with oblique and against-the-rule (ATR), had higher vector magnitudes of surgically induced refractive correction (2.89D, 2.55D, 2.42D;p Conclusions: Refractive lens exchange surgery using toric intraocular lenses overcorrected patients who had with-the-rule astigmatism. Degree of overcorrection did not vary with severity of pre-operative astigmatism. Incorporation of axis of astigmatism in lens selection and reduction of astigmatic correction among with-the-rule patients by an absolute value of 0.25D - 0.35D, rather than proportional adjustments, may reduce cylindrical over-correction.

关键词： Toric Lens Astigmatism Cataract Surgery Refractive Lens Exchange

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Penetrability of interleukin-1β and its effect on the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in the aqueous humor of rabbits treated with interleukin-1β

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Chinese Medical Journal 2009年第18期122卷 2165-2168页

作者： PENG Xiao-yan CHEN Feng-hua WANG Ning-li MA Jian-min Ping-yu Lee LIU Ke-gao Steven M Podos Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100730 China department of ophthalmology Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York University New York NY 10029 USA

Background Interleukin （IL）-1β may effectively decrease introcular pressure （IOP） when administered by subconjunctival injection in normal rabbit. However, IL-1β is a large molecular agent and an inflammation factor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the penetrability of IL-1β, and the concentrations of both tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α and IL-6 in the aqueous humor of normal rabbits treated with IL-1β. Methods A total of 170 rabbits were used in the study and were assigned to several different treatment groups as follows： 125 of the rabbits were assigned to two groups. In one group, 33 rabbits were injected subconjunctivally with IL-1β and 39 were injected with saline alone. In the other group, 27 rabbits were given eye drops containing IL-1β （400 ng/ml） and 26 were given saline alone. Aqueous humor （AH） was drawn and the concentration of IL-1β within the fluid measured. The lOP was measured in another six rabbits after administration of eye drops containing IL-1β （400 ng/ml）. A further 20 rabbits were assigned to 3 groups as follows： eight untreated normal controls; six injected subconjunctivally with IL-1β; and six injected subconjunctivally with saline alone. AH was drawn and the concentration of TNF-a in the fluid was measured. Another 19 rabbits were assigned to 3 groups as follows： seven untreated normal controls; and six injected subconjunctivally with IL-1β; and six injected subconjunctivally with saline alone. AH was drawn and the concentration of IL-6 in the fluid measured. Measurement of cytokine concentration was by radio-immunoassay in all cases. Results The IL-1β concentration in the AH was higher in those animals in which it had been administered subconjunctivally （P 〈0.01）. The IL-1β concentration in the AH of the animals given eye drops was almost the same as that in the controls （P 〉0.05）. The administration of IL-1β in the form of eye drops had little effect upon lOP reduction. Lower TNF-α concentrations were seen in the AH after the subconj

关键词： interleukin-β tumor necrosis factor-α intraocular pressure rabbit

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Voltage-gated potassium channel Kvl.3 in rabbit ciliary epithelium regulates the membrane potential via coupling intracellular calcium

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Chinese Medical Journal 2008年第22期121卷 2272-2277页

作者： LI Yan-feng ZHUO Ye-hong BI Wei-na BAI Yu-jing LI Yan-na WANG Zhi-jian State Key Laboratory of ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong 510060 China department of Pediatrics Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York NY 10029 USA department of Pathology New York Medical College Valhalla NY 10595 USA

Background The cell layer of the ciliary epithelium is responsible for aqueous humor secretion and maintenance. Ion channels play an important role in these processes. The main aim of this study was to determine whether the well-characterized members of the Kvl family （Kv1.3） contribute to the Kv currents in ciliary epithelium. Methods New Zealand White rabbits were maintained in a 12 hours light/dark cycle. Ciliary epithelium samples were isolated from the rabbits. We used Western blotting and immunocytochemistry to identify the expression and location of a voltage-gated potassium channel Kvl.3 in ciliary body epithelium. Membrane potential change after adding of Kvl.3 inhibitor margatoxin （MgTX） was observed with a fluorescence method. Results Western blotting and immunocytochemical studies showed that the Kv1.3 protein expressed in pigment ciliary epithelium and nonpigment ciliary epithelium, however it seemed to express more in the apical membrane of the nonpigmented epithelial cells. One nmol/L margatoxin, a specific inhibitor of Kv1.3 channels caused depolarization of the cultured nonpigmented epithelium （NPE） membrane potential. The cytosolic calcium increased after NPE cell depolarization, this increase of cytosolic calcium was partially blocked by 12.5 μmol/L dantrolene and 10 μmol/L nifedipine. These observations suggest that Kv1.3 channels modulate ciliary epithelium potential and effect calcium dependent mechanisms. Conclusion Kv1.3 channels contribute to K＋ efflux at the membrane of rabbit ciliary epithelium.

关键词： voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 ciliary epithelium membrane potential

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Evaluation of visual functional and morphology change in young patients with idiopathic choroidal neovascularization

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Chinese Medical Journal 2011年第11期124卷 1647-1652页

作者： WANG Wen-qiu LIU Hai-yun LU Feng-qing HU Wei-ting GONG Yuan-yuan WU Ying XU Shan WANG Wei-jun XU Xun WANG Feng-hua SUN Xiao-dong department of ophthalmology Shanghai First People's HospitalAffiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200080China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases Science andTechnology Commission of Shanghai Municipality Shanghai200080 China

Background Idiopathic choroidal neovascularization （ICNV） is an uncommon disorder affecting primarily individuals younger than the age of 50 years. In CNV patients, no apparent cause can be determined. This study aimed to evaluate the functional and morphological change of the retina with ICNV in young adults. Methods In this retrospective study, 32 eyes of 32 patients with subfoveal or juxta/extra foveal ICNV had been admitted into the Shanghai First People＇s Hospital from January 2009 to July 2010. The functional changes were evaluated using the best corrected visual acuity （BCVA） and the microperimetry in the macular area.

关键词： idiopathic choroidal neovascularization optical coherent tomography microperimetry visual function

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