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Knowledge of Risk Factors for Hypertension among university Students in Northwestern tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study

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open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第3期14卷 471-479页

作者： Peter Masikini Irene Constantine Stanley Mwita Department of Internal Medicine Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza Tanzania Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza Tanzania

Introduction: Obesity, excessive alcohol use, cigarette smoking, a lack of physical activity, stress, and an unhealthy diet are modifiable risk factors linked to hypertension. Non-modifiable risk factors for hypertension include older age and a family history of hypertension. The purpose of this study was to assess university students’ knowledge of hypertension risk factors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at St. Augustine university of tanzania. A pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Out of a total score of eight, a score of four or more was considered good knowledge, and a score of less than four was considered poor. All sociodemographic characteristics were included in logistic regression to calculate the adjusted odds ratio. Results: A total of 390 undergraduate students participated in this study. Most of the participants 266 (68.2%) identified stress as a risk factor for hypertension. The median (IQR) knowledge score was 2 (2 - 3). Overall, only 43 (11.0%) of the participants had good knowledge of risk factors for hypertension. However, none of the sociodemographic factors were associated with a good level of knowledge of risk factors for hypertension. Conclusion: Our findings highlight poor knowledge of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for hypertension among university students in northwestern tanzania. Only stress and older age were known by more than half of the students as risk factors for hypertension. To reduce the burden of hypertension, it is crucial for prevention and control programs to target improving university students’ knowledge of risk factors for hypertension.

关键词： Knowledge Risk Factors Hypertension university Students tanzania

Characterization of the accommodation zones along restraining and releasing bends from analogue modelling simulating the seagap fault,off-shore tanzania

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Petroleum Research 2021年第4期6卷 431-442页

作者： Nasra Sadiki Godson Godfray Michael Msabi Department of Mining and Mineral Processing Engineering University of DodomaTanzania Department of Geology University of DodomaTanzania

The study aims to understand geometry and evolution of accommodation zones along restraining and releasing bends in strike slip systems which is often complex and characterized by sharp change in polarity,resulting in a difficult characterization of traps location.A batch of sandbox modelling experiments was performed using a layered scaled sand *** setup parameters of the wooden baseplates used in the first two experiments(SS1 and SS2)are basement offset of 6.5 cm/3 cm,90/90stepovers in releasing and restraining bends of total 96 cm length and 25 cm *** third experiment(SS3)was performed with basement offset of 6.5 cm/3 cm,156/126stepovers in releasing and restraining bends of total 96 cm length and 25 cm *** experiments were performed with special attention to the role of syn-kinematic sedimentation and the pre-existing structure of the basement.A sequence of pop-up and pull-apart structures was *** the main structures,complex fault trend was compatible with a sinistral riedel distribution and a counterclockwise rotation of pre-existent *** of fault's polarity at depth and dip direction flipping of high angle faults in accommodation zones were clearly *** more,progressive propagation of the pop-up structures produces a spectacular inversion of adjacent extensional *** results of the model with the Seagap fault zone,it is possible to put in evidence similar fault orientation and *** structures developed were strongly influenced by syn-kinematic sedimentation as observed by characteristic helicoidal shape of growth *** analogue models clearly describe how boundary faults of the pull-apart basin along a paired bend,initially characterized by a normal kinematic can be subsequently inverted in the later stages,which can potentially have a strong impact on the petroleum system.

关键词： Sandbox experiments Seagap faults Syn-kinematic sedimentation Restraining and releasing bends

Prediction of photovoltaic power output based on different non-linear autoregressive artificial neural network algorithms

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Global Energy Interconnection 2022年第2期5卷 226-235页

作者： Adriano Pamain P.V.Kanaka Rao Frank Nicodem Tilya Department of Physics The University of DodomaDodomaTanzania

Prediction of power output plays a vital role in the installation and operation of photovoltaic *** this paper,two photovoltaic module technologies,amorphous silicon and copper indium gallium selenide installed outdoors on the rooftop of the university of Dodoma,located at 6.5738°S and 36.2631°E in tanzania,were used to record the power output during the winter *** average data of ambient temperature,module temperature,solar irradiance,relative humidity,and wind speed recorded is used to predict the power output using a non-linear autoregressive artificial neural *** consider the Levenberg-Marquardt optimization,Bayesian regularization,resilient propagation,and scaled conjugate gradient algorithms to understand their abilities in training,testing and validating the data.A comparison with reference to the performance indices:coefficient of determination,root mean square error,mean absolute percentage error,and mean absolute bias error is drawn for both *** to the findings of our investigation,the predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental *** the algorithms performed better,and the predicted power out of both modules using the Bayesian regularization algorithm is observed to exhibit good processing capabilities compared to the other three algorithms that are evident from the measured performance indices.

关键词： Photovoltaic Artificial neural network Training algorithms Ambient parameters Power output

Enabling Proactive Management of School Dropouts Using Neural Network

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2020年第10期13卷 245-257页

作者： Khamisi Kalegele ICT Department Open University of Tanzania Dar es Salaam Tanzania

The growing need to use Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in addressing challenges in education sectors of developing countries is undermined by low awareness, limited skill and poor data quality. One particular persisting challenge, which can be addressed by AI, is school dropouts whereby hundreds of thousands of children drop annually in Africa. This article presents a data-driven approach to proactively predict likelihood of dropping from schools and enable effective management of dropouts. The approach is guided by a carefully crafted conceptual framework and new concepts of average absenteeism, current cumulative absenteeism and dropout risk appetite. In this study, a typical scenario of missing quality data is considered and for which synthetic data is generated to enable development of a functioning prediction model using neural network. The results show that, using the proposed approach, the levels of risk of dropping out of schools can be practically determined using data that is largely available in schools. Potentially, the study will inspire further research, encourage deployment of the technologies in real life, and inform processes of formulating or improving policies.

关键词： Dropout Machine Learning School Management

Human Sensor Web Crowd Sourcing Security Incidents Management in tanzania Context

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Journal of Information Security 2018年第3期9卷 191-208页

作者： Maduhu Mshangi Edephonce Ngemera Nfuka Camilius Sanga NECTA—tanzania Dar es Salaam Tanzania open university of tanzania Dar es Salaam Tanzania Sokoine university of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

Security incidents affecting information systems in cyberspace keep on rising. Researchers have raised interest in finding out how to manage security incidents. Various solutions proposed do not effectively address the problematic situation of security incidents. The study proposes a human sensor web Crowd sourcing platform for reporting, searching, querying, analyzing, visualizing and responding to security incidents as they arise in real time. Human sensor web Crowd sourcing security incidents is an innovative approach for addressing security incidents affecting information systems in cyberspace. It employs outsourcing collaborative efforts initiatives outside the boundaries of the given organization in solving a problematic situation such as how to improve the security of information systems. It was managed by soft systems methodology. Moreover, security maturity level assessment was carried out to determine security requirements for managing security incidents using ISO/IEC 21827: Systems security engineering capability maturity model with a rating scale of 0 - 5. It employed descriptive statistics and non-parametric statistical method to determine the significance of each variable based on a research problem. It used Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test (X2) to determine the statistical significance of result findings. The findings revealed that security controls and security measures are implemented in ad-hoc. For managing security incidents, organizations should use human sensor web Crowd sourcing platform. The study contributes to knowledge base management learning integration: practical implementation of Crowd sourcing in information systems security.

关键词： Human Sensor Web Crowd Sourcing Geographical Information System Security Incidents System Architecture

Quantifying Rooftop Rainwater Harvest Potential: Case of Mbeya university of Science and Technology in Mbeya tanzania

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Engineering（科研） 2013年第10期5卷 816-818页

作者： Zacharia Katambara Department of Civil Engineering Mbeya University of Science and Technology Mbeya Tanzania

The advantages that the rooftop rainwater harvesting system has as a source of water supply have been examined. The observed daily rainfall records of 10 years and the current total roof area of the facilities at Mbeya university of Science and Technology as the catchment area were used. Using a water balance model to determine the suitable water use that will cover 100% of the time, the model indicated that for the current roof area a water supply of 120 lts?per day can be met when a storage tank whose capacity is 13.5 m3 is installed. When values higher that 120 l/day are simulated a tank of higher capacity is required to meet the water demand. The study recommends on the necessity of installing rooftop rainwater harvesting system so as to increase the water supply reliability and reduction of cost. The selection of a suitable storage tank capacity should take into consideration the future development plans so as to reduce the construction cost of new storage tank.

关键词： Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting Systems Consumption Rate Tank Capacity First Flash

Fourth Industrial Revolution: A Readiness Assessment of Project Managers in tanzania

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2023年第3期16卷 73-90页

作者： Edephonce Ngemera Nfuka Department of ICT and Mathematics Open University of Tanzania Dar es Salaam Tanzania

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is transforming the way we live, learn, work, and relate to one another. However, there is still an awareness inadequacy of the 4IR among project managers and the society in tanzania, thus low readiness to conceptualize, implement and manage 4IR-related projects in the country. This study aimed to assess the 4IR readiness of project managers in tanzania. The assessment is made in the frame of 4 readiness dimensions: strategy and governance structure, technology awareness, human capital digital skills development, and social-economic impact. The research used a quantitative method with the diffusion of innovations theory perspective, and data were collected mainly through an online survey questionnaire. The survey aimed at answering the research question concerning the project managers’ readiness for the 4IR. The 50 valid samples were completed by project managers from various industries such as agriculture, finance, consulting, construction, education and training, government, healthcare, Information Technology, and manufacturing. Data were analysed using SPSS. The results revealed that despite the generally low awareness of 4IR, several project managers in tanzania have some varying awareness of 4IR technologies such as artificial intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT), data analytics, blockchain, robotics, cryptocurrency, chatbots, drones, and other digital transformation platforms. The results also indicated that project managers in tanzania had little extent in readiness to initiate, develop and implement 4IR products and services due to inadequate 4IR-related awareness, strategy and governance structure, human capital digital skills development, and social economic impact. Consequently, some recommendations are made in the frame of the four assessed readiness dimensions for improvement. The value of this research is mainly to provide the state of 4IR readiness of project managers and associated recommendations to policymak

关键词： Fourth Industrial Revolution 4IR Project Managers Readiness Assessment

An Innovative Soft Design Science Methodology for Improving Development of a Secure Information System in tanzania Using Multi-Layered Approach

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Journal of Information Security 2017年第3期8卷 141-165页

作者： Maduhu Mshangi Edephonce Ngemera Nfuka Camilius Sanga NECTA Dar es Salaam Tanzania open university of tanzania Dar es Salaam Tanzania Sokoine university of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

This paper presents an innovative Soft Design Science Methodology for improving information systems security using multi-layered security approach. The study applied Soft Design Science Methodology to address the problematic situation on how information systems security can be improved. In addition, Soft Design Science Methodology was compounded with mixed research methodology. This holistic approach helped for research methodology triangulation. The study assessed security requirements and developed a framework for improving information systems security. The study carried out maturity level assessment to determine security status quo in the education sector in tanzania. The study identified security requirements gap (IT security controls, IT security measures) using ISO/IEC 21827: Systems Security Engineering-Capability Maturity Model (SSE-CMM) with a rating scale of 0 - 5. The results of this study show that maturity level across security domain is 0.44 out of 5. The finding shows that the implementation of IT security controls and security measures for ensuring security goals are lacking or conducted in ad-hoc. Thus, for improving the security of information systems, organisations should implement security controls and security measures in each security domain (multi-layer security). This research provides a framework for enhancing information systems security during capturing, processing, storage and transmission of information. This research has several practical contributions. Firstly, it contributes to the body of knowledge of information systems security by providing a set of security requirements for ensuring information systems security. Secondly, it contributes empirical evidence on how information systems security can be improved. Thirdly, it contributes on the applicability of Soft Design Science Methodology on addressing the problematic situation in information systems security. The research findings can be used by decision makers and lawmakers to impr

关键词： Soft Design Science Information Systems Security Design Science Research Soft Systems Methodology Multi-Layered Approach

Accuracy and precision of dried urine spot method for the detection of Schistosoma mansoni circulating cathodic antigens in resource-limited settings

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 103-104页

作者： Abdallah Zacharia Clemence Kinabo Twilumba Makene Huda Omary George Ogweno Faraja Lyamuya Billy Ngasala Muhimbili university of Health and Allied Sciences Dar es Salaam Tanzania National Institute for Medical Research Mwanza Tanzania Neglected Tropical Diseases Control Program Ministry of Health Dodoma Tanzania

Background The World Health Organization recommends the use of Schisto point-of-care circulating cathodic anti-gens(Schisto POC-CCA)for screening of Schistosoma mansoni as it offers better sensitivity than ***,there are limitation facing the use of this method including timely availability of the test *** aim of this study was to determine the reliability of dried urine spot(DUS)method for collection of urine and detection of *** using Schisto POC-CCA cassettes in a resource-limited *** A cross-sectional study was conducted between October and November 2022 among 250 primary school children in Sengerema District,northwestern *** CCA was detected in filter paper-based DUSs,liquid urine using DUS Schisto POC-CCA(index),and direct urine Schisto POC-CCA(comparator)methods *** eggs in stool were detected using duplicate Kato-Katz(KK)*** measures of accuracy were com-puted and compared between the index and comparator *** strength of agreement between inter-raters precisions was tested using Cohen's kappa(k).Results This study revealed *** prevalence rates of 28.8%,54.0%and 50.8%by duplicate KK,direct urine Schisto POC-CCA and DUS Schisto POC-CCA methods *** mean intensity of infection among infected participants Was 86.3 eggs per gram of stool(EPG)ranging from 12.0 EPG to 824.0 *** sensitivity of DUS Schisto POC-CCA and direct urine Schisto POC-CCA Was 94.44%(95%CI:89.15-99.74%)and 97.22%(95%CI:93.43-100.00%)*** DUS Schisto POC-CCA method had slightly higher specificity(66.85%)than direct urine Schisto POC-CCA method(63.48%).The accuracy of the DUS Schisto POC-CCA Was found to be slightly high(74.80%,95%CI:68.94-79.06%)compared to that of direct urine Schisto POC-CCA(73.20%,95%CI:67.25-78.59%).There was good agreement between two laboratory technologists who performed the DUS Schisto POC-CCA method on similar samples(k=0.80,95%CI:0.59-0.95).Con

关键词： Accuracy Point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen Dried urine spot Schistosoma mansoni Sensiti Specificity