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Investigation of HCAR2 antagonists as a potential strategy to modulate bovine leukocytes

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1567-1577页

作者： Laman K.Mamedova Kirby C.Krogstad Paiton O.McDonald Laxman Pokhrel Duy H.Hua Evan C.Titgemeyer Barry J.Bradford Department of Animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan 48824USA Department of Animal Sciences and Industry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology East LansingMI 48824USA Department of Chemistry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA

Background Dairy cows experiencing ketosis after calving suffer greater disease incidence and are at greater risk of leaving the herd. In vitro administration of beta-hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA;the primary blood ketone) has inhibitory effects on the function of bovine leukocytes. BHBA is a ligand of HCAR2 and the activation of these receptors promotes an anti-inflammatory response which may be related with immunosuppression observed in transition dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to identify and test antagonists for HCAR2 in bovine immune cells cultured with *** We observed expression of HCAR2 at the protein level within lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes. The proportion of cells expressing HCAR2 tended to be greater in mid-lactation compared to early lactation cows;the increase was a result of increased proportion of T and B cells expressing HCAR2. Stimulation of HCAR2 with niacin or BHBA promoted Ca^(2+) mobilization in neutrophils and mononuclear cells. Mononuclear cells treated with BHBA had diminished intracellular Ca^(2+) responses when HCAR2 was knocked down by si RNA silencing, indicating Ca^(2+) mobilization was mediated by HCAR2 signaling. Two candidate antagonists for HCAR2, synthesized from niacin(NA-1 and NA-5), were tested;monocytes and neutrophils pre-treated with NA-1 and NA-5 had reduced Ca^(2+) mobilization after incubation with BHBA. Furthermore, NA-5 but not NA-1 prevented BHBA-associated reductions in cyclic *** We demonstrated that HCAR2 is present on bovine leukocytes and has greater expression later in lactation. We confirmed that BHBA and niacin derived HCAR2 antagonists alter bovine leukocyte activity. Our results demonstrate that both BHBA and niacin affect bovine leukocyte Ca^(2+) mobilization in a HCAR2-dependent manner.

关键词： Flow cytometry GPR109A HM74A Ketosis

Self-adaptive gas flow and phase change behaviors during hydrate exploitation by alternate injection of N2 and CO2

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 2120-2129页

作者： Bo-Jian Cao Yi-Fei Sun Hong-Nan Chen Jin-Rong Zhong Ming-Long Wang Ming Wang Chang-Yu Sun Guang-Jin Chen state Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Changsha University of Science & Technology

Since hydrate resources play a part of the stratigraphic framework structure in sediments,establishing a safe and economic method for hydrates exploitation remains the primary challenge to this *** the proposed methods,the spontaneous displacement of CH4from hydrate cages by CO2seems to be a perfect mechanism to address gas production and CO2storage,especially in today's strong demand for carbon reduction and replacing clean *** extensive lab researches,in the past decade,injecting a mixture of CO2and small molecule gas has become a key means to enhance displacement efficiency and has great potential for ***,there is a lack of in-depth research on gas flow in the reservoir,while the injected gas always passes through low-saturated hydrate areas with high permeability and then occurs gas channel in a short term,finally resulting in the decreases in gas production efficiency and produced gas ***,we explored a new injection-production mode of alternate injection of N2and CO2in order to fully coordinate the advantages of N2in enhanced hydrate decomposition and CO2in solid storage and heat *** alternate "taking" and "storing" processes perfectly repair the problem of the gas channel,achieving self-regulation effect of CH4recovery and *** 3-D experimental results show that compared to the mixed gas injection,CH4recovery is increased by>50% and CO2storage is increased by>70%.Additionally,this alternate injection mode presented a better performance in CH4concentration of produced gas and showed outstanding N2utilization ***,we analyzed its self-adaptive gas flow mechanism and proposed an application model of "one injection and multiple production".We look forward to this study accelerating the application of CO2-CH4replacement technology.

关键词： Hydrate Replacement CH 4 recovery CO 2 storage Reservoir remediation

Linear paired electrolysis of furfural to furoic acid at both anode and cathode in a multiple redox mediated system

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第1期9卷 104-113页

作者： Xinxin Li Linchuan Cong Haibo Lin Fangbing Liu Xiangxue Fu Hai-Chao Xu Nan Lin state Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012JilinChina state Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005FujianChina

Implementing a new energy-saving electrochemical synthesis system with high commercial value is a strategy of the sustainable development for upgrading the bulk chemicals preparation technology in the ***,we report a multiple redox-mediated linear paired electrolysis system,combining the hydrogen peroxide mediated cathode process with the I2 mediated anode process,and realize the conversion of furfural to furoic acid in both side of the dividedﬂow cell *** reasonably controlling the cathode potential,the undesired water splitting reaction and furfural reduction side reactions are *** the galvanostatic electrolysis,the two-mediated electrode processes have good compatibility,which reduce the energy consumption by about 22%while improving the electronic efﬁciency by about 125%.This system provides a green electrochemical synthesis route with commercial prospects.

关键词： Multiple redox mediated system Linear paired electrolysis Furfural Furoic acid

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Mapping Energy Expansion: Remote Sensing Insights into Oil and Gas Infrastructure and Land Use Changes in Midland, TX

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第7期12卷 89-108页

作者： Nastaran Abdoli Mahdi Alipour Mehrnaz Pasokhi Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability University of Oklahoma Norman USA Department of Architecture Imam Khomeini International University Qazvin Iran Department of Architecture Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA

Rapid expansion in global energy demand driven primarily by oil and gas consumption has spurred significant environmental concerns. This study delves into the intricate relationship between energy development and environmental impacts focusing on Midland County, Texas, a pivotal region within the Permian Basin. Leveraging satellite imagery and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques, the research meticulously examines land use dynamics from 2001 to 2019. The findings illuminate a marked decline in vegetation health and density attributable to the burgeoning oil and gas infrastructure in the area. Moreover, the analysis underscores the emergence of barren lands and the displacement of agricultural areas, indicative of the profound alterations in land cover patterns over the study period. These insights underscore the urgent need for concerted efforts to mitigate the adverse environmental effects of energy expansion, emphasizing the importance of collaborative approaches to foster sustainable land use practices. Additionally, the study explores the socio-economic implications of land use changes, addressing how energy expansion affects local communities and economies. Previous studies have emphasized the need for comprehensive assessments of cumulative environmental impacts, advocating for the implementation of effective mitigation strategies.

关键词： Remote Sensing Land Cover Change Energy Infrastructure Energy Sprawl Texas

Ultra-wide band gap and wave attenuation mechanism of a novel star-shaped chiral metamaterial

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第7期45卷 1261-1278页

作者： Shuo WANG Anshuai WANG Yansen WU Xiaofeng LI Yongtao SUN Zhaozhan ZHANG Qian DING G.D.AYALEW Yunxiang MA Qingyu LIN Department of Mechanics Tianjin University Tianjin Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Dynamics and Control Tianjin University state Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Yanshan University

A novel hollow star-shaped chiral metamaterial(SCM) is proposed by incorporating chiral structural properties into the standard hollow star-shaped metamaterial, exhibiting a wide band gap over 1 500 Hz. To broaden the band gap,solid single-phase and two-phase SCMs are designed and simulated, which produce two ultra-wide band gaps(approximately 5 116 Hz and 6 027 Hz, respectively). The main reason for the formation of the ultra-wide band gap is that the rotational vibration of the concave star of two novel SCMs drains the energy of an elastic wave. The impacts of the concave angle of a single-phase SCM and the resonator radius of a two-phase SCM on the band gaps are studied. Decreasing the concave angle leads to an increase in the width of the widest band gap, and the width of the widest band gap increases as the resonator radius of the two-phase SCM increases. Additionally,the study on elastic wave propagation characteristics involves analyzing frequency dispersion surfaces, wave propagation directions, group velocities, and phase velocities. Ultimately, the analysis focuses on the transmission properties of finite periodic structures. The solid single-phase SCM achieves a maximum vibration attenuation over 800, while the width of the band gap is smaller than that of the two-phase SCM. Both metamaterials exhibit high vibration attenuation capabilities, which can be used in wideband vibration reduction to satisfy the requirement of ultra-wide frequencies.

关键词： metamaterial ultra-wide band gap wave propagation vibration suppression O421 + .5 74H45

Tunable artificial plasmonic nanolaser with wide spectrum emission operating at room temperature

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第5期33卷 466-471页

作者：周鹏郭佳琦梁琨金磊梁熊玉李俊强邓绪彦秦建宇张家森于丽 state Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications School of ScienceBeijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China state Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100876China Peking university Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics Peking UniversityNantong 226010China

With the rapid development of information and communication technology,a key objective in the field of optoelectronic integrated devices is to reduce the nano-laser size and energy *** nanolasers are unable to exceed the diffraction limit and typically exhibit low modulation rates of several *** contrast,plasmonic nanolaser utilizes highly confined surface plasmon polariton(SPP)mode that can exceed diffraction limit and their strong Purcell effect can accelerate the modulation rates to several ***,we propose a parametrically tunable artificial plasmonic nanolasers based on metal–insulator–semiconductor–insulator–metal(MISIM)structure,which demonstrates its ability to compress the mode field volume toλ/*** the pump power increases,the proposed artificial plasmonic nanolaser exhibits 20-nm-wide output ***,we investigate the effects of various cavity parameters on the nanolaser’s output threshold,offering potentials for realizing low-threshold artificial plasmonic ***,we observe a blue shift in the center wavelength of the nanolaser output with thinner gain layer thickness,predominantly attributed to the increased exciton–photon coupling *** work brings inspiration to several areas,including spaser-based interconnects,nano-LEDs,spontaneous emission control,miniaturization of photon condensates,eigenmode engineering of plasmonic nanolasers,and optimal design driven by artificial intelligence(AI).

关键词： surface plasmon polaritons nanolaser ultrafast MISIM

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Hybrid assembly of conducting nanofiber network for ultra-stretchable and highly sensitive conductive hydrogels

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 1-10页

作者： Yalei Wang Shulong Zeng Shaohong Shi Yuheng Jiang Zhiwei Du Bingzhen Wang Xiurong Li state Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures School of ResourcesEnvironment and MaterialsGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China state Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan UniversitySichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China

Conductive hydrogels have attracted extensive attention owing to their promising application prospects in flexible and wearable ***,achieving both high sensitivity and mechanical robustness remains ***,a novel and versatile conductive hydrogel based on the hybrid assem-bly of conductive cellulose nanofiber(CNF)networks has been designed and *** by the templating effect of CNFs and stabilizing effect of negatively charged poly(styrene sulfonate)(PSS),conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT)was self-organized into three-dimensional nanostructures which constructed a robust conductive network after in-situ oxidative *** unique structure derived from CNF bio-template endowed polyacrylamide(PAM)hydrogels with improved electrical conductivity and excellent mechanical *** a result,the as-fabricated CNF/PEDOT:PSS/PAM hydrogel exhibited an ultimate tensile strain of 1881%and toughness of 3.72 MJ/m^(3),which were 4.07 and 8.27 times higher than the CNF-free hydrogel,*** significantly,the resultant hydrogel sensor showed highly desirable sensing properties,including remarkable sensing range(1100%),high gauge factor(GF=5.16),fast response time(185 ms),and commendable durability,as well as good ***,the hydrogel sensor was able to distinguish subtle physiological activities including phonation and facial expression,and monitor large human body motions such as finger flexion and elbow ***,it was feasible to integrate the strain sensor on the joints of robots to recognize complicated machine motion signals,showing potential in advanced human-machine interactions.

关键词： Strain sensor Cellulose nanofibers PEDOT:PSS Conductive hydrogel Templating method

Influence of vibration on the lubrication effect of a splash-lubricated gearbox

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Journal of Zhejiang university-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2024年第4期25卷 324-339页

作者： Yi LIU Kailin ZHANG Shuai SHAO Hongxu XIANG Zhijian YE state Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China

In this study,we investigate the effect of rail vibrations on the lubrication and efficiency of a splash-lubricated gearbox;specifically,the gearbox of a rail-transit vehicle.A high-fidelity 3D numerical model of the gearbox in a moving reference system is described,as well as computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations of the gearbox with different vibration *** effects of rotational speed,oil-immersion depth,and different oil-injection volume rates on lubrication and efficiency are *** propose a method of evaluating the internal lubrication condition of a splash-lubricated gearbox and quantitatively compare the effects of different operating parameters on lubrication and ***,our experiment to verify the feasibility of the simulation method is *** results show that with vibration,the churning loss and oil supply for the bearings are significantly higher than those under static *** addition,among different vibrational directions,lateral vibration has the greatest influence on the lubrication condition and efficiency of the *** the studied railway-vehicle gearbox,the best lubrication condition is achieved at a rotational speed of 1600 r/min and an oil-immersion depth of two times the tooth height(***).Rotational speed is the operating parameter that has the most significant effect on the lubrication and efficiencyofthegearbox.

关键词： Comprehensive lubrication evaluation Churning loss Moving reference system Splash lubrication Vibrational excitation Gearbox

Effect of streamlined nose length on aerodynamic performance of high-speed train with a speed of 400 km/h

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Journal of Zhejiang university-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2024年第7期25卷 525-540页

作者： Nianxun LI Tian LI Zhiyuan DAI Deng QIN Jiye ZHANG state Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China

The streamlined nose length(SNL)plays a crucial role in determining the aerodynamic performance of high-speed *** appropriate SNL can not only effectively reduce the magnitude of aerodynamic drag and lift forces,but also improve the performance of the high-speed train in tunnel passing and crosswind *** this study,a numerical simulation of the aerodynamic performance of high-speed trains at a speed of 400 km/h,with varying SNLs,is conducted using the k-ωshear stress transport(SST)turbulence *** different SNLs include 6.0,7.0,8.0,9.0,9.8,12.0,15.0,and 18.0 *** order to validate the accuracy of the numerical simulation,its results are compared with wind tunnel test data obtained from the *** simulation is carried out using compressible and incompressible gases to determine the effect of gas compressibility on *** impact of SNL on the aerodynamic performance of the trains is analyzed in terms of aerodynamic forces,velocity,and pressure *** comparison to the original train,the train with a 6.0 m SNL experienced a 10.8%increase in overall aerodynamic ***,the lift forces on the head and tail cars increased by 35.7%and 75.5%,*** the other hand,the train with an 18.0 m SNL exhibited a 16.5%decrease in aerodynamic ***,the lift forces on the head and tail cars decreased by 21.9%and 49.7%,*** aerodynamic drag force of the entire train varies linearly with the SNL,while the aerodynamic lift of the tail car follows a quadratic function in relation to the SNL.

关键词： Streamlined nose length(SNL) High-speed train Aerodynamic performance Numerical simulation Flow structures