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Distribution Features of the Nanhua-Sinian Rifts and their Significance to Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Tarim Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2020年第2期94卷 501-515页

作者： BAI Zhongkai CHENG Minghua CHEN Cheng HUO Junzhou ZHANG Junfeng ZHOU Xingui GAO Yongjin ZHAO Bo QIU Haijun HAN Miao YANG Youxing SUN Zhichao MIAO Miaoqing ZHANG Jinhu LI Qingyao oil and gas survey CGSBeijing 100083China Korla Branch Research Institute of BGP KorlaXinjiang 841000China Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100081China The 6th gas Production Plant of Petrochina Changqing oilfield Company Xi'an 710000China China Geological survey Beijing 100029China

On the basis of reprocessing 34 new two-dimensional spliced long sections(20,191 km) in the Tarim Basin, the deep structure features of the Tarim Basin were analyzed through interpreting 30,451 km of two-dimensional seismic data and compiling basic maps. Seismic interpretation and geological analysis conclude that the Nanhua-Sinian strata are a set of rift-depression depositional systems according to their tectonic and depositional features. The rift valley formed in the Nanhua Period, and the transformation became weaker during the late Sinian Period, which eventually turned into depression. From bottom to top, the deposited strata include mafic igneous, tillite, mudstone, and dolomite. Three major depocenters developed inside this basin during the rift stage and are distributed in the eastern Tarim Basin, the Awati area, and the southwestern Tarim Basin. Among them, the rift in the eastern Tarim Basin strikes in the near east-west direction on the plane and coincides with the aeromagnetic anomaly belt. This represents a strong magnetic zone formed by upwelling basic volcanic rock along high, steep normal faults of the Nanhua Period. Controlled by the tectonic background, two types of sedimentary systems were developed in the rift stage and depression stage, showing two types of sequence features in the Sinian depositional stage. The Nanhua System appears as a wedge-shaped formation, with its bottom in unconformable contact with the base. The rifting event has a strong influence on the current tectonic units in the Tarim Basin, and affects the distribution of source rock in the Yuertus Formation and reservoir beds in the Xiaoerbulake Formation in Lower Cambrian, as well as the gypseous cap rock in Middle Cambrian. The distribution features of the rifts have important and realistic significance for determining the direction of oil and gas exploration in the deep strata of the Tarim Basin. Comprehensive analysis suggests that the Tazhong region is the most favorable zone, and the Kalpin-Bachu region is the optimal

关键词： rift Nanhua Period Sinian Period Tarim Basin

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Coalbed methane enrichment model of low-rank coals in multi-coals superimposed regions: a case study in the middle section of southern Junggar Basin

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2021年第2期15卷 256-271页

作者： Haihai HOU Guodong LIANG Longyi SHAO Yue TANG Guangyuan MU College of Mining Liaoning Technical UniversityFuxin 123000China College of Geoscience and surveying Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyBeijing 100083China oil&gas Resource survey Center China Geological SurveyMinistry of Land and ResourceBeijing 100029China

The Middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation in the central section of the southern Junggar Basin has substantial amounts of low-ranked coalbed methane(CBM)recourses and is typically characterized by multi superimposed coal seams.To establish the CBM enrichment model,a series of experimental and testing methods were adopted,including coal maceral observation,proximate analysis,low temperature nitrogen adsorption(LTNA),methane carbon isotope determination,porosity/permeability simulation caused by overburden,and gas content testing.The controlling effect of sedimentary environment,geological tectonic,and hydrogeological condition on gas content was analyzed in detail.The results demonstrate that the areas with higher gas content(an average of 8.57 m3/t)are mainly located in the Urumqi River-Santun River(eastern study area),whereas gas content(an average of 3.92 m3/t)in the Manasi River-Taxi River(western study area)is relatively low.Because of the combined effects of strata temperature and pressure,the gas content in coal seam first increases and then decreases with increasing buried depth,and the critical depth of the inflection point ranges from 600 m to 850 m.Affected by the changes in topography and water head height,the direction of groundwater migration is predicted from south to north and from west to east.Based on the gas content variation,the lower and middle parts of the Xishanyao Formation can be divided into three independent coalbearing gas systems.Within a single gas-bearing system,there is a positive correlation between gas content and strata pressure,and the key mudstone layers separating each gas-bearing system are usually developed at the end of each highstand system tract.The new CBM accumulation model of the multi-coals mixed genetic gas shows that both biological and thermal origins are found in a buried depth interval between 600 m and 850 m,suggesting that the coals with those depths are the CBM enrichment horizons and favorable exploration regions in the middle section of the southern Junggar Ba

关键词： Xishanyao Formation multi-coal seams superimposed region low rank coal main controlling factors enrichment model

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Rock Types and Reservoir Characteristics of Shahejie Formation Marl in Shulu Sag, Jizhong Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

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Journal of Earth Science 2021年第4期32卷 986-997页

作者： Jingwei Cui Xuanjun Yuan Songtao Wu Ruifeng Zhang Song Jin Yang Li Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development CNPCBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of oil and gas Reservoirs CNPCBeijing 100083China National Energy Tight oil and gas R&D Center Beijing 100083China Exploration Department of PetroChina Huabei Company Renqiu 062552China Hebei Institute of Geological survey Shijiazhuang 050081China

Due to the complicated lithology in the ES3 Member of the Shahejie Formation in the Shulu sag,Jizhong depression,it is difficult to classify the rock types and characterize the reservoirs at the marl intervals.In this paper,a four-element classification method has been proposed,and seven rock types have been identified by analyzing the mineral composition.The primary rock types are medium-high organic carbonate rocks and medium-high organic shaly-siliceous carbonate rocks.With the methods of field emission scanning electron microscopy,high-pressure mercury intrusion,nitrogen adsorption,and nano-CT,four types of reservoir spaces have been identified,including intra-granular pores,intergranular pores(inter-crystalline pores),organic pores,and micro-fractures.By combining the method of high-pressure mercury intrusion with the method of the nitrogen adsorption,the porosity of the marl has been measured,ranging from 0.73%to 5.39%.The distribution of the pore sizes is bimodal,and the pore types are dominated by micron pores.Through this study,it has been concluded that the sag area to the east of Well ST1H is the favorable area for the development of self-sourced and self-reservoired shale oil.According to the results of geochemical and reservoir analysis,the III oil Group may have sweet spot layers.

关键词： marl shale oil play rock types tight reservoir Bohai Bay Basin

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Microbial gas in the Mohe Permafrost, Northeast China and its Significance to gas Hydrate Accumulation in Permafrost across China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第6期92卷 2251-2266页

作者： ZHAO Xingmin SUN Youhong DENG Jian RAO Zhu Lü Cheng SONG Jian Li Lixia oil & gas survey China Geological SurveyBeijing 100029China Jilin University Changchun 130012China National Research Center of Geoanalysis Beijing 100037China China University of Petroleum-Bejing Beijing 102249China CNOOC Research Institute Beijing 100028China

The Mohe permafrost in northeast China possesses favorable subsurface ambient temperature, salinity, Eh values and pH levels of groundwater for the formation of microbial gas, and the Mohe Basin contains rich organic matter in the Middle Jurassic dark mudstones. This work conducted gas chromatography and isotope mass spectrometry analyses of nearly 90 core gas samples from the Mk-2 well in the Mohe Basin. The results show that the dryness coefficient(C1/C1–5) of core hydrocarbon gas from approximately 900 m intervals below the surface is larger than 98%, over 70% of the δ13 C values of methane are smaller than-55‰, and almost all δD values of methane are smaller than-250‰, indicative of a microbial origin of the gas from almost 900 m of the upper intervals in the Mohe permafrost. Moreover, the biomarker analyses of 72 mudstone samples from the Mohe area indicate that all of them contain 25-norhopane series compounds, thereby suggesting widely distributed microbial activities in the permafrost. This work has confirmed the prevailing existence of microbial gas in the Mohe area, which may be a potential gas source of gas hydrate formation in the Mohe permafrost. This result is of great significance to gas hydrate accumulation in the permafrost across China.

关键词： microbial gas gas hydrate accumulation permafrost oil and gas Mohe northeast China

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Differences in CO_(2)-Water-Rock Chemical Reactions among ’Sweet Spot’ Reservoirs:Implications for Carbon Sequestration

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地质学报:英文版 2023年第3期97卷 972-985页

作者： YANG Leilei SONG Ziyang LIU Yi WEI Guo ZHANG Xing MO Chenchen FENG Bo LI Yaohua College of Carbon-Neutral Energy China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China Petroleum Institute China University of Petroleum-Beijing at KaramayKaramayXinjiang 834000China College of Artificial Intelligence China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of EducationJilin UniversityChangchun 130021China oil and gas survey China Geological SurveyBeijing 100083China

The Lucaogou Formation,located in the Jimsar Sag,Junggar Basin,NW China,has great potential for shale oil resources.In the process of CO_(2)-EOR(CO_(2) enhance oil recovery),mineral dissolution,precipitation and transformation,leading to the local corrosion or blockage of reservoirs,have a significant influence on recovery.In this study,a combination of high-temperature and high-pressure laboratory experiments and coupled temperature/fluid-chemistry multifield numerical simulations are used to investigate CO_(2)-water-rock reactions under various reservoir conditions in the upper and lower ’sweet spots’,to reveal the mechanisms underlying CO_(2)-induced mineral dissolution,precipitation and transformation.In addition,we quantitatively calculated the evolution of porosity over geological timescales;compared and analyzed the variability of CO_(2) transformation in the reservoir under a variety of temperature,lithology and solution conditions;and identified the main factors controlling CO_(2)-water-rock reactions,the types of mineral transformation occurring during long-term CO_(2) sequestration and effective carbon sequestration minerals.The results demonstrate that the main minerals undergoing dissolution under the influence of supercritical CO_(2) are feldspars,while the main minerals undergoing precipitation include carbonate rock minerals,clay minerals and quartz.Feldspar minerals,especially the initially abundant plagioclase in the formation,directly affects total carbon sequestration,feldspar-rich clastic rocks therefore having considerable sequestration potential.

关键词： CO_(2) water-rock reactions mineral transformation carbon sequestration

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Discovery of the Early Devonian Sinistral Shear in the Jiangshan-Shaoxing Fault Zone and its Tectonic Significance

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第4期89卷 1412-1413页

作者： WANG Zongxiu LI Chunlin WANG Duixing GAO Wanli Key Laboratory of Shale oil and gas Geological survey Institute of GeomechanicsChinese Academy of Geological Sciences College of Resources Shijiazhuang University of Economics

The Jiangshan-Shaoxing fault zone （JSFZ） was formed by the amalgamation of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks in the Neoproterozoic.Since the Paleozoic,the JSFZ has experienced three episodes of tectonic activities：t... 详细信息

关键词： Discovery of the Early Devonian Sinistral Shear in the Jiangshan-Shaoxing Fault Zone and its Tectonic Significance

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The evolution of the Huangling uplift and its control on the accumulation and preservation of shale gas

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China Geology 2018年第3期1卷 346-353页

作者： Shu-jing Bao Gang-yi Zhai Zhi Zhou Shu-fang Yu Ke Chen Yu-fang Wang Hao Wang Yi-min Liu oil and gas survey China Geological SurveyBeijing 100083China Unconventional Petroleum Geology Laboratory of oil and gas survey China Geological SurveyBeijing 100083China China University of Geosciences(Beijing) Beijing 100083China

There are plenty of Sinian and Cambrian potential shale gas resources in South China,which is characterized by high thermal evolution degrees,poor drilling performances and only occurs in local areas.Taking the principle “high to find low” is the key issue to achieving a breakthrough in older shale.China Geological survey drilled in the periphery of the Proterozoic basement,i.***.the Huangling anticline,in the western Hubei,and Hannan paleocontinent in the southern Shanxi.It received high-quality gas-bearing shale with relatively low Ro in the in Lower Cambrian Niutitang formation and Sinian Doushantuo formation.Based on geological conditions of shale gas reservoirs in the Huangling anticline,this paper puts forward the new model named “Control over reservoirs by periphery of basement” about shale gas accumulation,suggesting that the shale deposited in a deepwater continental shelf in the periphery of the basement is characterized by shallow burial,a short burial time,stable tectonics,relatively low thermal evolution degrees,and shale gas reservoirs in a good condition.The shale of the Sinian-Cambrian strata deposited in deepwater continental shelves in the periphery of Chuanzhong paleo-uplift in Sichuan,Hannan paleocontinent in the southern Shanxi,Huangling anticline in western Hubei and Jiangnang-Xuefeng paleo-uplift in Hunan and Guizhou province have good shale gas exploration potential.

关键词： Huangling uplift Evolution Shale gas Control on the accumulation preservation

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Effect of Organic Matter Type and Maturity on Organic Matter Pore Formation of Transitional Facies Shales: A Case Study on Upper Permian Longtan and Dalong Shales in Middle Yangtze Region, China

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Journal of Earth Science 2020年第2期31卷 368-384页

作者： Zhongrui Wu Sheng He Yuanjia Han Gangyi Zhai Xipeng He Zhi Zhou Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources Ministry of EducationChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China oil&gas survey Center China Geological SurveyBeijing 100029China Research Institute of Exploration and Development of East China Branch of SINOPEC Nanjing 210011China

Organic matter(OM)nanopores developed in transitional facies shales,i.e.,the Upper Permian Longtan and Dalong Formations in the Yangtze Platform,China,were investigated to determine the corre-sponding influence of thermal maturity and OM types within the geological conditions.A suite of 16 core samples were taken from Type-Ⅲ Longtan shales and Type-Ⅱ Dalong shales from two wells covering a ma-turity(Ro,vitrinite reflectance)ranging from 1.22%to 1.43%and 2.62%to 2.97%,respectively.Integrated analysis of the shale samples was carried out,including field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),low-pressure N2 and CO2 adsorption,high-pressure CH4 adsorption,and mercury intrusion capillary pressure(MICP)analysis.The fluid inclusions of liquid and gas hydrocarbons trapped in calcite vein samples in Dalong shales of two wells were studied using laser Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy.FE-SEM images indicated that OM pores in different formations varied substantially in terms of shape,size,and distribution density.OM pores in Type-Ⅱ Dalong shales of Well XY1 were mainly micropore,sparsely distributed in the gas-prone kerogen with a spot-like and irregular shape,while bitumen rarely developed observable pores.In contrast,the morphology of OM pores in Type-Ⅲ Longtan shales were significantly different,which was due to differences in the OM type.The primary OM pores in some terrestrial woody debris in Longtan shales had a relatively larger pore diameter,ranging from hundreds of nanometers to a few micrometers and were al-most all rounded in shape,which might be one of the factors contributing to larger pore volume and gas adsorption capacity than Dalong shales of Well XY1.Comparing Dalong shales of Well XY1 with relatively lower thermal maturity,there were abundant spongy-like pores,densely developed in the pyrobitumen in Type-Ⅱ Dalong shales of Well EY1,with an irregular shape and diameter ranging from several to hundreds of nanometers.Many blue fluorescent oil inclusions and a small number of CH4 inclusions mixed wi

关键词： Middle Yangtze area Permian transitional facies shales pore structure thermal maturity organic matter type organic matter pore petroleum geology

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Late Cretaceous Transpressional Fault System: A Case Study of the Yishu Fault Belt, Shandong Province, Eastern China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第5期89卷 1531-1545页

作者： LI Chunlin WANG Zongxiu WU Qingzi LIU Yongqing GAO Wanli TAN Yuanlong KUANG Hongwei LI Huijun Key Laboratory of Shale oil and gas Geological survey Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Linshu Bureau of Land Resoures Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

On the basis of field observations of the structures of three profiles from the Linshu region, deformation characteristics and the tectonic background of the Yishu fault belt in the Late Cretaceous–Early Cenozoic have been discussed in detail.Three structural profiles, whose deformations consist mainly of earlier transpressional faults and later normal faults, were developed for the Mengtuan Formation of the Lower Cretaceous Dasheng Group.Typical positive flower structures, duplex structures, and break-through faults were found in these profiles.On the basis of analyses of the structural deformation and previous geochronological studies, it was concluded that the earlier transpressional faults of the profiles were triggered by the sinistral transpression of the Yishu fault belt in the Late Cretaceous–Early Paleogene, and that the later normal faults, formed during the Late Paleogene–Neogene extension, truncated the earlier transpressional faults.With consideration of the tectonic evolution of the Tan-Lu fault belt and the different drift directions of the Pacific plate since the Cretaceous, we suggest that the major tectonic events of the Late Cretaceous–Neogene in eastern China were mainly controlled by the subduction of the Pacific plate.

关键词： Late Cretaceous structural deformation transpressional fault Yishu fault belt Pacific plate

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Crust and Upper Mantle Electrical Resistivity Structure in the Panxi Region of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau and Its Significance

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第2期89卷 531-541页

作者： ZHANG Gang WANG Xuben FANG Hui GUO Ziming ZHANG Zhaobin LUO Wei CAI Xuelin LI Jun LI Zhong WU Xing State Key Laboratory of oil and gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu University of Technology Key Laboratory of Earth Exploration & Information Techniques of Ministry of Education Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration CAGS Sichuan Shutong Geotechnical Engineering Company Institute of Geological survey of Yunnan Geological survey

The Panxi region is located in the frontal zone of positive squeezing subduction and side squeezing shearing between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate. The long-period magnetotelluric （LMT） and broadband magnetotelluric （MT） techniques are both used to study the deep electrical conductivity structure in this region; magnetic and gravity surveys are also performed along the profile. According to the 2-D resistivity model along the Yanyuan-Yongshan profile, a high- conductivity layer （HCL） exists widely in the crust, and a high-resistivity block （HRB） exists widely in the upper mantle in general, as seen by the fact that a large HCL exists from the western Jinpingshan tectonic zone to the eastern Mabian tectonic zone in the crust, while the HRB found in the Panxi tectonic zone is of abnormally high resistivity in that background compared to both sides of Panxi tectonic zone. In addition, the gravity and magnetic field anomalies are of high value. Combined with geological data, the results indicate that there probably exists basic or ultrabasic rock with a large thickness in the lithosphere in the Panxi axial region, which indicates that fracture activity once occurred in the lithosphere. As a result, we can infer that the high-resistivity zone in the Panxi lithosphere is the eruption channel for Permian Emeishan basalt and the accumulation channel for basic and ultrabasic rock. The seismic sources along the profile are counted according to seismic record data. The results indicate that the most violent earthquake sources are located at the binding site of the HRB and the HCL, where the tectonic activity zone is generally acknowledged to be; however, the earthquakes occurring in the HCL are not so violent, which reflects the fact that the HCL is a plastic layer, and the fracture threshold of a plastic layer is low generally, making high stress difficult to accumulate but easy to release in the layer. As a result, a higher number of smaller earthquakes occurred in the HCL at Daliangshan tectonic zone, and viole

关键词： Earthquake deep electrical resistivity structure long-peroid magnetotelluric Emeishanbasalt Panxi region

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