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Applied Mathematics 2020年第12期11卷 1253-1274页

作者： Lucien Zihindula Biguru Faculty of Sciences Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB) Bukavu Congo Faculty of Sciences Université Officielle de Bukavu (UOB) Bukavu Congo

In this work, we show that when there is insufficient equipment for detecting a disease whose prevalence is t% in a sub-population of size N, it is optimal to divide the N samples into n groups of size r each and then, the value allows systematic screening of all N individuals by performing less than N tests (In this expression, represents the floor function1 of x ∈ R). Based on this result and on certain functions of the R software, we subsequently propose a probabilistic strategy capable of optimizing the screening tests under certain conditions.

关键词： Stochastic Optimization Binomial Distribution Systematic Screening Prevalence R Software

In VitroSickling Inhibitory Effects and Anti-Sickle Erythrocytes Hemolysis of Dicliptera colorataC. B. Clarke, Euphorbia hirtaL. and Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench

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Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2013年第1期3卷 43-48页

作者： Pius T. Mpiana Blaise K. Lombe Aladdin M. Ombeni Koto-Te-Nyiwa Ngbolua Damien S. T. Tshibangu Louisette K. Wimba Dorothée D. Tshilanda Felicien K. Mushagalusa Sévérin K. Muyisa Faculté des Sciences Université de Kinshasa Kinshasa D.R. Congo Institut Supérieur des Techniques Médicales de bukavu Bukavu D.R. Congo Université officielle de bukavu Bukavu D.R. Congo

Diclipteracolorata C. B. Clarke, Euphorbia hirta L. and Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench are reported among plant species used in Congolese traditional medicine to treat Sickle Cell Disease. These medicinal plants have been investigated for their inhibitory effect on the induced sickling process of red blood cells using Emmel’s test. Aqueous plant extracts showed good antisickling activity as revealed by the observed normal biconcave form of sickle red blood cells in anoxic conditions. The calculated radius of treated red blood cells by Euphorbia hirta L., Diclipteracolorata C. B. Clarke and Sorghum biocolor (L.) Moench extracts are 3.31 ± 0.55;3.34 ± 0.53;3.17 ± 0.52, respectively. Euphorbia hirta L. is the most active with a normalization rate, more than 70%. The chemical screening performed on these plants showed the presence of anthocyanins which were then extracted. The test carried out with anthocyanin extracts showed that these phenolic compounds have a good antisickling activity and, additionally, possess an anti-hemolytic effect on SS blood. This suggests that the evidenced biological activity of these plants would be due to anthocyanins. The results hence obtained justify the use of these plants in Congolese traditional medicine.

关键词： Sickle Cell Disease Antisickling Activity Anti-Hemolytic Properties Diclipteracolorata Sorghum bicolor Euphorbia hirta Anthocyanins

Life Strategy Traits of the Liana Sericostachys scandens Spreading in the Montane Forests in the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (DR Congo)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第5期9卷 665-675页

作者： Masumbuko Ndabaga Céphas Herpigny Basile Barbier Nicolas Habiyaremye Muhashy Franois Lejoly Jean Meerts Pierre Université officielle de bukavu PoBox 570 Bukavu DR Congo Laboratoire d'Ecologie Végétale et Biogéochimie CP 244 Université Libre de Bruxelles Av FD Roosevelt 50 B-1050 Bruxelles Belgium Botany and Computational Plant Architecture IRD - Marie Curie. 34398 Montpellier cedex 5 France Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Rue Vautier 29 1000 Bruxelles Belgium Herbarium de l'Université Libre de Bruxelles 50 Avenue F. Roosevelt - CP 169 B-1050 Bruxelles Belgium

Sericostaehys seandens is a monocarpic and heliophilous liana, native in tropical African forests. In the montane forests of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park （KBNP）（East of DR Congo）, it has been expanding very strongly for a decade, and is currently considered as having negative impacts on biodiversity conservation. In this paper, we test if S. scandens differs from three co-occurring, native, non spreading lianas （Gouania longispicata, Tacazzea apiculata and Adenia bequaertii） for functional traits which might influence plant expansion. For leaf traits （SLA, dry matter content, nitrogen concentration）, S. scandens did not show extreme values compared to those of the three other lianas. In contrast, S. scandens had much higher biomass allocation to sexual reproduction. It also differs from the three other lianas for its reproductive strategy that combines both vegetative propagation and sexual reproduct/on, and propagule dispersal by wind. Moreover, S. scandens has larger leaves and a greater number of lateral branches per unit stem length. It is argued that the particular combination of functional traits exhibited by *** may in part explain its propensity to behave as an opportunistic weed in the disturbed areas in the montane forests of Kahuzi-Biega.

关键词： Life strategy Sericostachys seandens montane forest Kahuzi-Biega National Park functional traits Native expanding species.

Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, Insulin Sensitivity and Islet β-Cell Secretory Function in Diabetic Patients from South Kivu in the democratic Republic of Congo: Cross-Sectional Study

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2024年第2期14卷 81-94页

作者： Dieudonne Masemo Bihehe Ahadi Birindwa Bwihangane Jean-Paulin Mukonkole Mbo Michel Hermans Philippe Bianga Katchunga Faculté de Médecine H&#244pital Général de Référence de Panzi Université Evangélique en Afrique Bukavu DR Congo Département de Biologie Faculté des Sciences Université Officielle de Bukavu Bukavu DR Congo Département de Médecine Interne Université de Kisangani Kisangani DR Congo Service d’endocrinologie et de Diabétologie Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc Université Catholique de Louvain Bruxelles Belgique Département de Médecine Interne Cliniques Universitaires de Bukavu Université Officielle de Bukavu Bukavu DR Congo

Background: The role of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone in the metabolic profile of type 2 diabetes mellitus in sub-Saharan Africa has not been adequately assessed. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of low vitamin D level and secondary hyperparathyroidism and their association with insulin sensitivity and β-cell secretory function among Congolese type 2 diabetics. Methodology: Fasting glycaemia, fasting insulin, 25OH D3 and human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) were measured in one hundred and eighty-four type 2 diabetic patients followed as outpatients in South Kivu. Levels of 25OH D3 65 pg/ml defined low vitamin D and elevated parathyroid hormone levels, respectively. The HOMA model was used to measure insulin sensitivity and β-cell secretory function. Results: Medians (IQR) were 25.3 (20.4 - 32.4) ng/ml for 25OH D3 and 53.7 (38.4 - 115.7) pg/ml for hPTH. 58.7% of diabetics had insulin resistance, 126 (68.5%) had low vitamin D and 80 (43.5%) had hyperparathyroidism. In multivariate analysis, hPTH (partial r = −0.28;p = 0.0002) and 25OH D3 (partial r = 0.16;p = 0.03) showed an independent association with insulin sensitivity after adjustment for body mass index and waist circumference. Finally, hPTH (partial r = 0.27;p = 0.0002) was the sole determinant of β-cell secretory function. Conclusions: This study confirms the high prevalence of low vitamin D level and secondary hyperparathyroidism and their association with insulin resistance and impaired islet β-cell secretory function among Congolese with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation should be envisaged for cases of deficiency in this region.

关键词： Vitamin D Parathyroid Hormone Diabetes Mellitus Insulin Resistance South Kivu

Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli Cohabitation among Factors Increasing Antibiotic Resistance in bukavu City, democratic Republic of the Congo

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第11期12卷 357-372页

作者： Alain M. Okito John M. Wagacha Catherine Lukhoba Grace Waturu Alexi A. Lina Wolfgang R. Mukabana department of Biology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya department of Biology Universit Officielle de Bukavu Bukavu City Democratic Republic of the Congo department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

Food- and water-borne diseases exacerbate cases of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Since 2011, cases of enteric infections have been reported in bukavu city, democratic Republic of the Congo. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the rate of AMR and multidrug resistance (MDR) of Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli, and to determine the effect of S. enterica and E. coli cohabitation on antibiotic resistance of S. enterica. Bacteria were isolated from 553 foods, milk, and water samples collected from restaurants, taps, tanks and wells in bukavu. Microbial analyses involved bacterial culture, and morphological and biochemical characterization. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed before and after bacteria cohabitation of S. enterica and E. coli isolates in the same media. 152 (27.5%) and 27 (4.9%) of the samples tested positive for S. enterica and E. coli, respectively. Salmonella isolates were more susceptible to ciprofloxacin (75.7%) and co-trimoxazole (75.0%) and more resistant to ampicillin (82.2%). E. coli was more resistant to ciprofloxacin (59.3%). Overall, 90.5% of isolates (n = 179) were MDR. The origin (food, water) of S. enterica and E. coli isolates had no significant (p > 0.05) influence on their susceptibility to antibiotics. However, S. enterica isolates from milk were significantly (p = 0.00) antibiotic-resistant than those from food and water. The cohabitation between antibiotic-susceptible S. enterica and antibiotic-resistant E. coli significantly (p S. enterica from 30% to 89.5%, implying that interactions of antibiotic-resistant and antibiotic-susceptible bacteria in food and water could be among neglected factors promoting the spread of AMR, leading to increase AMR cases in bukavu. Strong sanitation strategies and the operationalization of One Health approach could mitigate the spread of AMR in bukavu city, DR Congo.

关键词： Antimicrobial Resistance Bacteria Cohabitation Salmonella Escherichia One Health

Assessing Post-Conflict Challenges and Opportunities of the Animal-Agriculture System in the Alpine Region of Uvira District in Sud-Kivu Province, D. R. Congo

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第20期5卷 2948-2955页

作者： M. M. D. Katunga J.-B. Muhigwa International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Bukavu D. R. Congo Current Address: National Institute of Agriculture Studies and Research (INERA) Mulungu Bukavu D. R. Congo Universite officielle de bukavu Bukavu R. D. Congo

The Alpine region of Uvira District in South-Kivu Province faces low agricultural productivity challenges largely due to human population pressure on the natural resource base. During the dry season, conflicts between crop farmers and livestock breeders are common. This region is located 2500 - 3020 m a.s.l. and is almost inaccessible due to poor road infrastructure. To understand the interactions between natural resources (forests, pastures, soils) and sedentary agriculture, and to propose solutions for sustainable natural resource management, Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) sessions covering three farmer group interviews were conducted in July 2010 in Marungu, Kitembe and Kahololo location. The livelihoods of the Banyamulenge have been transformed from pastoralism to a sedentary system with the introduction of crop cultivation after 1980. Maize, bush beans and Irish potatoes are cultivated with limited success because of late crop maturity under the prevailing climatic conditions. Livestock, mainly cattle, sheep and goats is managed under extensive system, relying on natural pasture far from the human settlements. Livestock plays an important role to define people’s wealth and is mainly managed by men. There is a real need of forages during the dry season;however, cultivation of forages is unknown. On the other hand, pastures appear to be degenerating due to overgrazing. Access by farmers to efficient and effective agricultural extension services is fundamental in order to promote locally adapted and profitable crop and livestock production while at the same time, sustaining the productive resource base and security.

关键词： Livestock Agriculture Alpine Region D. R. Congo

Dynamics in the Prevalence of Insulin Resistance between 2005 and 2023 in Type 2 Diabetics in South Kivu in the East of the democratic Republic of Congo: Cross-Sectional Studies

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2024年第1期14卷 28-40页

作者： Dieudonné Masemo Bihehe Ahadi Birindwa Bwihangane Jean-Paulin Mukonkole Mbo Christian Tshongo Muhindo Michel Hermans Philippe Bianga Katchunga Hô pital général de référence de Panzi Faculté de Médecine Université Evangélique en Afrique Bukavu DR Congo Département de Médecine interne Université de Kisangani Provine de la Tshopo DR Congo Département de Médecine interne Université Catholique de Bukavu Bukavu DR Congo Service d’endocrinologie et de diabétologie Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc Université Catholique de Louvain Bruxelles Belgique Département de Médecine interne Cliniques Universitaires de Bukavu Université Officielle de Bukavu Bukavu DR Congo

Aim: Sub-Saharan Africa is undergoing an epidemiological transition responsible for a change in the metabolic profile in favour of insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to assess the dynamics of the prevalence of insulin resistance and associated risk factors in diabetic patients in the democratic Republic of Congo between 2005 and 2023. Method: We measured fasting blood glucose and insulin levels and looked for metabolic syndrome parameters (2009 criteria) in type 2 diabetes patients in 2005-2008 (n = 176) and in 2018-2023 (n = 303). The HOMA model was used to measure insulin sensitivity and islet β-cell secretory function. Results: Between 2005 and 2013, the trend was towards an increase in the prevalence of insulin resistance (from 13.1% to 50.8%;p Conclusion: This present study shows an increase in insulin resistance in Congolese urban areas and a persistence of atypical diabetes mellitus in Congolese rural areas, confirming the particularity of the pathophysiology of the disease in African areas currently influenced by the epidemiological transition. Further studies using an appropriate methodology are required.

关键词： Prevalence Diabetes Mellitus Insulin Resistance Metabolic Syndrome South Kivu

Testing Agro-Ecological Adaptation of Improved Herbaceous Forage Legumes in South-Kivu, D.R. Congo

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第9期5卷 1384-1393页

作者： M. M. D. Katunga J. B. B. Muhigwa K. J. C. Kashala L. Ipungu N. Nyongombe B. L. Maass M. Peters Centre International d’Agriculture Tropicale (CIAT) Bukavu D.R. Congo CIAT A.A. 6713 Cali Colombia CIAT Nairobi Kenya officielle de bukavu Faculté des sciences Bukavu D.R. Congo Université de Lubumbashi Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire Lubumbashi D.R. Congo Université Pédagogique Nationale de Kinshasa Kinshasa D.R. Congo

In tropical african countries where livestock is either reared in herds on natural grasslands or individuallly tethered to herds on natural or spontaneous vegetation, the productivity is low, especially during the dry season. Using improved forages could play an important role in both enhancing livestock production and improving soil fertility and preventing from soil erosion. Eleven herbaceous forage legumes previously tested in tropical South America and South Asia by CIAT were tested in South-Kivu, D. R. Congo. Across sites, Stylosanthes guianensis, desmodium uncinatum, Centrosema molle and Canavalia brasiliensis had a highest yield, nowhere Vigna unguiculata adapted. Differencial plant adaptation occured, e.g. Clitoria ternatea being well adaptated only in the midlands with good soils, where the mean of dry mater leaf yield was higher. Farmer evaluation emphazied overall biomass production with preference in the highlands, farmers chose desmodium uncinatum, Canavalia brasiliensis and Lablab purpureus 21603 and in the midlands Stylosanthes guianensis 11995 and Lablab purpureus 22759. Farmer evaluation confirmed the best yield fit herbaceous forage legumes.

关键词： Herbaceous Forage Legumes Adaptation Tropical Africa

Agro-Ecological Adaptation and Participatory Evaluation of Multipurpose Tree and Shrub Legumes in Mid Altitudes of Sud-Kivu, D. R. Congo

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第13期5卷 2031-2039页

作者： M. M. D. Katunga B. J. B. Muhigwa K. J. C. Kashala M. Kambuyi N. Nyongombe B. L. Maass M. Peters International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo Institut National pour l’Etude et la Recherche agronomiques (INERA)-Mulungu Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Cali Colombia International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Nairobi Kenya Université de Lubumbashi Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire Lubumbashi Democratic Republic of the Congo Université officielle de bukavu Faculté des Sciences Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo Université Pédagogique Nationale de Kinshasa Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo

Livestock is traditionally managed in mixed crop-livestock production systems in Sud-Kivu, D. R. Congo. Currently, livestock production is facing numerous constraints due to wars and insecurity in the country, with looting of animals, demographic pressure on natural resources, and lack of extension services. Multipurpose trees and shrubs with adequate forage quality could help overcome dry-season feed shortage. The objective of this research was to assess the agro-ecological adaptability of selected forage tree and shrub legumes combined with farmer participatory evaluation. The study was carried out at two distinct mid-altitude sites in Sud-Kivu. Trees and shrubs were planted randomly in eleven lines, with each species/accession consisting of nine plants split into three replications. Following a standardization cut after one year of growth, regular biomass harvests were performed every eight weeks during one year;desmodium and Flemingia were cut at 0.5 m above soil surface, while Leucaena and Calliandra at 1 m. Before every harvest, plant height was measured and number of stems counted. Fresh leaf and stem biomass were weighted, sub samples dried and leaves analyzed for nutritive value. Results from agronomic evaluation show that Leucaena diversifolia ILRI 15551 and Leucaena leucocephala had the highest yield in the rainy season on fertile soil;during dry season, Leucaena diversifolia ILRI 15551 was superior. On poor soil, Flemingia macrophylla CIAT 17403 performed best in both seasons, however, its forage quality was relatively low. Forage tree and shrub legumes chosen by farmers were, in general, the same as those superior ones in agronomic evaluation.

关键词： Multipurpose Trees and Shrubs Forage Legumes Adaptation Participatory Evaluation Biomass Production