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Findings from 2010 Global Adult Tobacco Survey: Implementation of MPOWER Policy in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2010年第6期23卷 422-429页

作者： GONG-HUAN YANG QIANG LI CONG-XIAO WANG JASON HSIA YAN YANG LIN XIAO JIE YANG Lu-HUA ZHAO JIAN ZHANG LI XIE Chinese Center Of disease control and Prevention Beo'ing 100050 China office On Smoking and Health Us Centers Of Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia USA

Objective To assess the implementation of five key tobacco control policies in China： protection from second-hand smoke （SHS）; offering help to quit; health warnings regarding tobacco use; the enforcement of bans on tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship; and increasing tobacco taxes and prices. Methods Using 2010 Global Adults Tobacco Survey in China （GATS-China）, 10 indicators are used to assess the implementation of five key tobacco control policies of MPOWER in China. Results Overall, 63.3% and 72.7% of adultsnoticed people smoking indoor workplaces and public places, respectively. Approximately 60% of smokers were not asked about their smoking habits and approximately 67% were not advised to quit on their visit to a health worker. Sixty percent of adults noticed health warning messages on cigarette packaging and in the media in the last 30 days, 63.6% stated that they would not consider quitting. Twenty percent of respondents noticed tobacco advertising, promotion, and/or sponsorship activities in the 30 days prior to the survey. Among them, 76.3% noticed the direct advertising and 50% noticed from TV programs. Although purchasing price of one pack of cigarettes ranged from 1 to 200 RMB, 50% of current smokers （about 150 million） spent 5 RMB or less on one pack of cigarette. The expenditure on 100 packets of cigarettes represents 2% of 2009 GDP per capita. Conclusion The average score for the implementation of the 5 policies of MPOWER in China is 37.3 points, indicating tobacco control policies in China is poor and there is a large gaps from the FCTC requirements.

关键词： Tobacco control Implementation of FCTC MPOWER policies China

Generic and flexible self-correction method for nonlinearity-induced phase error in three-dimensional imaging

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第6期22卷 129-135页

作者： Jianhua Wang Peng Xu Yanxi Yang School of Information and control Engineering Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao 266520China School of Automation and Information Engineering Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an 710048China

In three-dimensional imaging employing phase-shifting profilometry(PSP), the nonlinear response of projector and camera makes the fringe gray distribution non-sinusoidal, which further leads to phase error. Although the double 3-step phaseshifting method is simple and effective, it needs to add an additional set of fringe sequences, which reduces the measurement efficiency. To this end, this paper introduces a generic and flexible self-correction method for nonlinearity-induced phase ***, according to the nonlinearity-induced phase error model, we introduce an additional wrapped phase with a phase difference of π/3. The error waveform of the two wrapped phases is opposite but not coincident. Then, we introduce an estimation algorithm for the additional wrapped phase offset. Finally, we fuse the two wrapped phases to correct the phase error. Experiments confirm that the root mean squared error of the proposed method is 64.1% lower than that of the traditional method and 13.3% lower than that of the Hilbert transform method. The proposed method does not require any additional fringes or hardware assistance and can be easily extended to 4-step or 5-step PSP.

关键词： three-dimensional imaging phase-shifting profilometry nonlinear response self-correction Hilbert transform

The Incidence,Mortality,and DALYs Trends Associated with Esophageal Cancer-China,1990-2019

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China CDC weekly 2022年第43期4卷 956-961页

作者： Li Ma Xudong Li Miaomiao Wang Yingying Zhang Jing Wu Yuan He Xueqi Fan Bin Zhang Xiaolong Zhou office of Epidemiology Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable disease control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

What is already known about this topic?Esophageal cancer(EC)is one of the most common malignant tumors in *** new cases and deaths in China account for more than half of the world,and the disease burden of esophageal cancer is *** is added by this report?From 1990 to 2019,the disease burden of EC in China showed a decrease overall;it first increased between 1990 and 2004,but then decreased between 2004 and *** burden of EC in men was much higher than that in *** was an important factor affecting the burden of EC,with disease burden rising rapidly after 40 years *** are the implications for public health practices?The screening,early diagnosis,and treatment for EC should continue to be strengthened in *** and elderly men are high-risk groups of EC and should be a key population for EC prevention and control.

关键词： Esophageal prevention diagnosis

Characteristics and Associated Factors of E-cigarette Use Among Secondary School Students—6 PLADs in China,2021

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China CDC weekly 2022年第29期4卷 635-639页

作者： Zhaobin Qi Bingliang Lin Xiaoyun Xie Lin Xiao Tobacco control office Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina.

Summary What is already known about this topic?Previous studies on electronic cigarette(e-cigarette)use in China among secondary school students have provided information on the awareness and usage of *** is added by this report?This study not only described e-cigarette usage rates,but also explored the characteristics of e-cigarette users’behavior and factors associated with the current use of e-cigarettes among secondary school *** are the implications for public health practice?E-cigarette use among secondary school students,especially among vocational senior high school students,requires more *** some policies have been developed to protect youths from the harmful effects of e-cigarettes,enforcement of these policies needs to be strengthened.

关键词： cigarette strengthened usage

Relationships between blood chromium exposure and liver injury:Exploring the mediating role of systemic inflammation in a chromate-exposed population

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 224-234页

作者： Zekang Su Yali Zhang Shiyi Hong Qiaojian Zhang Jiayu Xu Guiping Hu Xiaojun Zhu Fang Yuan Shanfa Yu Tianchen Wang Guang Jia Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Engineering Medicine and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China National Center for Occupational Safety and Health Beijing 102308China Department of Occupational Health and Radiological Health Chongqing Centers for Disease Control and PreventionChongqing 400042China Henan Institute for Occupational Medicine Zhengzhou 450052China Department of Clinical Laboratory Third Hospital of Peking UniversityBeijing 100191China

Hexavalent chromium and its compounds are prevalent pollutants,especially in the work environment,pose a significant risk for multisystem toxicity and *** it is known that chromium accumulation in the liver can cause damage,the dose-response relationship between blood chromium(Cr)and liver injury,as well as the possible potential toxic mechanisms involved,remains poorly *** address this,we conducted a follow-up study of 590 visits from 305 participants to investigate the associations of blood Cr with biomarkers for liver injury,including serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),total bilirubin(TBIL),and direct bilirubin(DBIL),and to evaluate the mediating effects of systemic ***(PLT)and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR)were utilized as biomarkers of systemic *** the linear mixed-effects analyses,each 1-unit increase in blood Cr level was associated with estimated effect percentage increases of 0.82%(0.11%,1.53%)in TBIL,1.67%(0.06%,3.28%)in DBIL,0.73%(0.04%,1.43%)in ALT and 2.08%(0.29%,3.87%)in AST,***,PLT mediated 10.04%,11.35%,and 10.77%increases in TBIL,DBIL,and ALT levels induced by chromate,*** addition,PLR mediated 8.26%and 15.58%of the association between blood Cr and TBIL or *** findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying blood Cr-induced liver injury,which is partly due to worsening systemic inflammation.

关键词： Blood chromate Liver injury Systemic inflammation Mediation analysis

Association between plasma growth differentiation factor 15 levels and pre-eclampsia in China

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Chronic diseases and Translational Medicine 2024年第2期10卷 140-145页

作者： Shuhong Xu Yicheng Lu Mengxin Yao Zhuoqiao Yang Yan Chen Yaling Ding Yue Xiao Fei Liang Jiani Qian Jinchun Ma Songliang Liu Shilan Yan Jieyun Yin Qiuping Ma Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University The First People's Hospital of TaiCangSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistic Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-communicable DiseasesSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine SuzhouJiangsuChina Department of Chronic disease Gusu Center for Disease Control and PreventionSuzhouJiangsuChina Huzhou First People's Hospital HuzhouZhejiangChina

Background Growth differentiation factor-15(GDF-15)is a stress response protein and is related to cardiovascular diseases(CVD).This study aimed to investigate the association between GDF-15 and pre-eclampsia(PE).Method The study involved 299 pregnant women,out of which 236 had normal pregnancies,while 63 participants had *** serum levels of GDF-15 were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits and then translated into multiple of median(MOM)to avoid the influence of gestational week at blood *** models were performed to estimate the association between GDF-15 MOM and PE,presenting as odd ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs).Results MOM of GDF-15 in PE participants was higher compared with controls(1.588 vs.1.000,p1)had a 4.74-fold(95%CI=2.23–10.08,p<0.001)increased risk of PE,adjusted by age,preconceptional body mass index,gravidity,and *** These results demonstrated that higher levels of serum GDF-15 were associated with ***-15 may serve as a biomarker for diagnosing PE.

关键词： growth differentiation factor 15 macrophage inhibiting cytokine 1 pre-eclampsia

Direct generation of Zn metal using laser-induced ZnS to eradicate carbon emissions from electrolysis Zn production

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第1期18卷 83-95页

作者： Ying Chen Ning Duan Linhua Jiang Fuyuan Xu Guangbin Zhu Yao Wang Yong Liu Wen Cheng Yanli Xu State Key Laboratory of Pollution control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute of Pollution control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China School of Materials Science and Engineering Anhui University of Science&TechnologyHuainan 232001China

In response to the goal of net-zero emissions proposed by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Chinese government has pledged that carbon emissions will peak by 2030, and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. However, the high carbon energy structure of traditional industries has aggravated environmental problems, such as greenhouse effect and air pollution. The goal of carbon neutrality will be difficult to achieve without the development of disruptive theories and technologies. The electrolytic zinc industry requires high-temperature roasting at ~1000 ℃, generating large amounts of greenhouse gases and SO_(2). High concentrations of sulfuric acid (200 g/L) are subsequently used for electrolysis, and each ton of zinc produced generates 50 kg of anode slime with lead content of up to 16%, as well as 0.35 m3 of wastewater containing zinc and lead. To solve these problems, an optical metallurgy method is proposed in this study. The proposed method uses laser-induced photoreduction to decompose ZnS and reduce metal ions to metal. Results indicate that Zn0 and S8 can be detected on the surface of ZnS at a specific wavelength and laser fluence. The generation mechanism of Zn0 is such that laser induces an electronic transition that breaks ionic bond in ZnS, resulting in its decomposition and photoreduction to Zn0 under an inert argon gas atmosphere. This method does not reduce other metals in the mineral since it does not use high-temperature roasting, providing a new way of producing high-purity metal without greenhouse gas emissions and heavy metal pollution caused by traditional zinc electrolysis.

关键词： Laser metallurgy ZnS Photochemical reduction Zinc

Cancer statistics for young adults aged 20 to 49 years in China from 2000 to 2017:a population-based registry study

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 711-719页

作者： Yi Teng Changfa Xia He Li Maomao Cao Fan Yang Xinxin Yan Siyi He Mengdi Cao Shaoli Zhang Qianru Li Wanqing Chen office of Cancer Screening National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China

An increasing cancer incidence among adults younger than 50 years has been reported for several types of cancer in multiple *** aimed to report cancer profiles and trends among young adults in *** from the China Cancer Registry Annual Report were used to estimate incidence and mortality among young adults(ages 20–49 years)in China in 2017,and an age-period-cohort model was employed to estimate the average annual percent change(AAPC)in incidence and mortality from 2000 to *** 25 cancer types were grouped into obesity-or overweight-associated cancers(12 cancer types)and additional cancers(13 cancer types).In 2017,there were 681,178new cases and 214,591 cancer deaths among young adults in *** young adults,the most common cancers were thyroid,breast,cervical,liver,lung,and colorectal cancer,and the leading causes of cancer deaths were liver,lung,cervical,stomach,breast,and colorectal *** 2000 to 2017,the cancer incidence increased for all cancers combined among young adults,with the highest AAPC(1.46%)for adults aged 20–24 years,while cancer mortality decreased,with the highest AAPC(-1.63%)for those aged 35–39 *** conclusion,the cancer incidence in China has increased among young adults,while cancer mortality has decreased for nearly all *** control measures,such as obesity control and appropriate screening,may contribute to reducing the increasing cancer burden among young adults.

关键词： young adults incidence mortality trends China

The Health Demands of Designated Drivers-Four Cities,China,2019

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China CDC weekly 2022年第20期4卷 426-430页

作者： Meng Zhang Qiqi Wang Hongyan Yao Xiao Qi Shicheng Yu Jianjun Liu office of Epidemiology Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Chinese Center for disease control and Prevention BeijingChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?The health status of designated drivers is largely associated with road safety,which is a major public health ***,few studies have focused on the health demands of designated *** is added by this report?This study investigated the health consciousness,first aid knowledge learning,acceptable ways to acquire health knowledge,and willingness to have physical examinations for designated drivers to provide suggestions for improving their health *** are the implications for public health practice?The industry and platform should provide scientific and reasonable guidance on healthy lifestyles for designated drivers and implement physical examinations to monitor their health status.

关键词： designated knowledge consciousness