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Optimal regulation of flexible loads in rural residential buildings considering mobile batteries:A case study in Shaanxi Province

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building Simulation 2024年第7期17卷 1065-1083页

作者： Xi Luo WenceShi School of building Services Science and Engineering Xian University of Architecture and Technology(XAUAT)Xi'an 710055China State Key Laboratory of Green building Xi'an 710055China

While the grid-connected capacity of rural household photovoltaics is increasing rapidly,achieving dynamic supply-demand matching despite fluctuations in solar energy is *** the rapid development of rural electrification,battery-powered technologies,such as electric vehicles and electric agricultural machinery,are becoming increasingly popular in rural *** this context,utilizing idle mobile batteries to assist in energy storage for rural residential buildings offers a new way to solve the problem of dynamic supply-demand *** this study,a field survey was conducted on several typical fruit-growing villages in the Central Shaanxi Plain in Shaanxi Province of *** rural households were selected to calculate the electricity loads of the residential buildings,with due consideration to the intervention of mobile *** the premise of installing 3 kW household photovoltaic systems in rural households,an economical efficiency-oriented model was built for the optimal regulation of flexible *** results were compared in the context of two patterns of electricity consumption,i.e.,unidirectional charging of mobile batteries from buildings and bidirectional charging and discharging between mobile batteries and *** bidirectional pattern significantly increased the photovoltaic consumption of typical rural households on various typical ***,during both scenarios of not implementing time-of-use and implementing time-of-use,the typical day of the winter slack farming season exhibited the best photovoltaic consumption effect among all types of typical ***,the bidirectional pattern also result in a significant increase in the annual electricity sales revenues for typical rural households.

关键词： demand-side response flexible load mobile battery household photovoltaics

Energy consumption simulations of rural residential buildings considering differences in energy use behavior among family members

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building Simulation 2024年第8期17卷 1335-1358页

作者： Xi Luo Lina Du School of building Services Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology(XAUAT)Xi'an 710055China State Key Laboratory of Green building Xi'an 710055China

The“average occupant”methodology is widely used in energy consumption simulations of residential buildings;however,it fails to consider the differences in energy use behavior among family *** on a field survey on the Central Shaanxi Plain,to identify the energy use behavior patterns of typical families,a stochastic energy use behavior model considering differences in energy use behavior among family members was proposed,to improve the accuracy of energy consumption simulations of residential *** results indicated that the surveyed rural families could be classified into the following four types depending on specific energy use behavior patterns:families of one elderly couple,families of one middle-aged couple,families of one elderly couple and one child,and families of one couple and one ***,on typical summer days,the results of daily building energy consumption simulation obtained by the“average occupant”methodology were 25.39%and 28%lower than the simulation results obtained by the model proposed in this study for families of one elderly couple and families of one middle-aged couple,and 13.05%and 23.05%higher for families of one elderly couple and one child,and families of one couple and one *** typical winter days,for the four types of families,the results of daily building energy consumption simulation obtained by the“average occupant”methodology were 21.69%,10.84%,1.21%,and 8.39%lower than the simulation results obtained by the model proposed in this study,respectively.

关键词： typical energy use behavior pattern differences in occupant behavior building energy consumption simulation stochastic energy use behavior simulation

Optimization study of spherical tuyere based on BP neural network and new evaluation index

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building Simulation 2024年第2期17卷 223-234页

作者： Mengchao Liu Ran Gao Yi Wang Angui Li School of building Services Science and Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an710055China

The energy consumption of heating,ventilation,and air conditioning(HVAC)systems holds a significant position in building energy usage,accounting for about 65%of the total energy ***,with the advancement of building automation,the energy consumption of ventilation systems continues to *** study focuses on improving the performance of spherical tuyeres in HVAC *** primarily utilizes neural networks and multi-island genetic algorithms(MIGA)for multi-parameter *** employing methods such as structural parameterization,accurate and fast computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations,a minimized sample space,and a rational optimization strategy,the time cycle of the optimization process is ***,a new comprehensive evaluation index is proposed in this research to describe the performance of spherical tuyeres,which can be used to more accurately assess spherical tuyeres with different *** results show that by establishing a neural network prediction model and combining it with the multi-island genetic algorithm,a novel spherical tuyere design was successfully *** optimized novel spherical tuyeres achieved a 27.05%reduction in the spherical tuyeres effective index(STEI)compared to the traditional spherical ***,the resistance decreased by 15.68%,and the jet length increased by 7.57%.The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed optimization method exhibits high accuracy,good generalization capability,and excellent agreement at different Reynolds numbers.

关键词： spherical tuyeres STEI CFD ventilation

Experimental study on the CO_(2) concentration and age of air distribution inside tiny sleeping spaces

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building Simulation 2024年第4期17卷 591-605页

作者： Jingying Zhang Yanyan Li Haiguo Yin Linfeng Liang Songmei Zu Le Gao Ying Zhang Angui Li School of building Services Science and Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’anShaanxi710055China

In recent years,rapid urban development has led to capsule hotels,sleep pods,and other tiny sleeping spaces that adapt to people’s fast-paced lives,achieving maximum functionality with a very small ***,due to the small space,human metabolic pollutant(such as CO_(2))is more likely to accumulate,and the air is not easily *** this paper,a full-size experimental platform is set up with three types of ventilation modes to explore the exclusion efficiency of metabolic pollutants and the overall distribution of age of air under these ventilation *** conclusions showed that the mean values of metabolic pollutant exclusion rates for the different ventilation modalities varied very little across the spatial dimensions of the confined space but varied considerably in the area around the *** double-side attached ventilation method was the most effective in removing human metabolic pollutants,especially in the head region(CN≥0.92),while the single-wall attached ventilation method had the best air exchange efficiency(η≥0.85).This suggests an inconsistent distribution of CO_(2) and age of air,which is contrary to general common *** conclusions of this paper can guide the design of ventilation for tiny sleeping spaces.

关键词： attached ventilation mode human metabolic pollutant indoor air quality air exchange efficiency tiny sleeping spaces

Research progress of CO_(2) capture and mineralization based on natural minerals

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第6期31卷 1208-1227页

作者： Chenguang Qian Chunquan Li Peng Huang Jialin Liang Xin Zhang Jifa Wang Jianbing Wang Zhiming Sun School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Shanghai Construction building Material technology Group Shanghai 200080China

Natural minerals,such as kaolinite,halloysite,montmorillonite,attapulgite,bentonite,sepiolite,forsterite,and wollastonite,have considerable potential for use in CO_(2) capture and mineralization due to their abundant reserves,low cost,excellent mechanical prop-erties,and chemical *** the past decades,various methods,such as those involving heat,acid,alkali,organic amine,amino sil-ane,and ionic liquid,have been employed to enhance the CO_(2) capture performance of natural minerals to attain high specific surface area,a large number of pore structures,and rich active *** research on CO_(2) capture by natural minerals will focus on the full utiliza-tion of the properties of natural minerals,adoption of suitable modification methods,and preparation of composite materials with high specific surface area and rich active *** addition,we provide a summary of the principle and technical route of direct and indirect mineralization of CO_(2) by natural *** process uses minerals with high calcium and magnesium contents,such as forsterite(Mg_(2)SiO_(4)),serpentine[Mg_(3)Si_(2)O(OH)_(4)],and wollastonite(CaSiO_(3)).The research status of indirect mineralization of CO_(2) using hydro-chloric acid,acetic acid,molten salt,and ammonium salt as media is also introduced in *** recovery of additives and high-value-added products during the mineralization process to increase economic benefits is another focus of future research on CO_(2) mineralization by natural minerals.

关键词： natural mineral carbon dioxide capture modification composite material carbon dioxide mineralization

Blast injury risks to humans within a military trench

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Defence technology（防务技术） 2024年第10期40卷 91-104页

作者： Idan E.Edri National building Research Institute Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyTechnion CityHaifa 32000Israel

In land warfare,trenches serve as vital defensive fortifications,offering protection to soldiers while engaging in ***,despite their protective function,soldiers often sustain injuries within these *** lack of corresponding blast data alongside empirical injury reports presents a significant knowledge gap,particularly concerning the blast pressures propagating within trench spaces following nearby *** absence hinders the correlation between blast parameters,trench geometry,and reported injury cases,limiting our understanding of blast-related risks within *** paper addresses the critical aspect of blast propagation within trench systems,essential for evaluating potential blast injury risks to individuals within these *** advanced computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations,the study comprehensively investigates blast injury risks resulting from explosions near military *** a sophisticated computational model,the research analyzes the dynamic blast effects within trenches,considering both geometrical parameters and blast characteristics influenced by explosive weight and scaled *** numerical simulations yield valuable insights into the impact of these parameters on blast injury risks,particularly focusing on eardrum rupture,lung injury,and traumatic brain injury levels within the *** findings elucidate distinct patterns of high-risk zones,highlighting unique characteristics of internal explosions due to confinement and venting dynamics along the *** study underscores the significance of detailed numerical modeling in assessing blast injury risks and provides a novel knowledge base for understanding risks associated with explosives detonating near military *** insights gained contribute to enhancing safety measures in both military and civilian contexts exposed to blast events near trench structures.

关键词： Trench Blast Injury risk Eardrum rupture Lung injury Traumatic brain injury

Utilization of Basalt Saw Mud as a Spherical Porous Functional Aggregate for the Preparation of Ordinary Structure Concrete

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Journal of Wuhan University of technology(Materials Science) 2024年第2期39卷 364-375页

作者：周永祥关青锋 LENG Faguang WANG Jing LI Tianjun Faculty of Architecture Civil and Transportation EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of Ministry of Education Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100012China School of Materials Science and Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China Institute of building Materials China Academy of Building ResearchBeijing 100013China State Key Laboratory of building Safety and Built Environment Beijing 100013China Zhejiang Chinavigor E.P.technology Co. Ltd.Zhejiang 315043China

To promote the production and application of artificial aggregates,save natural sand resources and protect the ecological environment,we evaluated the feasibility of using spherical porous functional aggregates(SPFAs) formed by basalt saw mud under autoclave curing in ordinary structural *** our work,two types of prewetted functional aggregates were taken as replacements for natural aggregates with different volume substitution rates(0%,5%,10%,15%,20%,25%,and 30%) in the preparation of ordinary structural concrete with water-to-binder ratios(W/B) of 0.48 and *** effects of the functional aggregate properties and content,W/B,and curing age on the fluidity,density,mechanical properties and autogenous shrinkage of ordinary concrete were *** experimental results showed that the density of concrete declined at a rate of not more than 5%,and the 28 d compressive strength could reach 31.0-68.2 *** W/B,long curing age and high-quality functional aggregates were conducive to enhancing the mechanical properties of SPFAs *** the rolling effects,SPFAs can optimize the particle gradation of aggregate systems and improve the fluidity of concrete,and the water stored inside SPFAs provides an internal curing effect,which prolongs the cement hydration process and considerably reduces the autogenous shrinkage of *** exhibits high strength and high density,as well as being more cost-effective and ecological,and is expected to be widely employed in ordinary structural concrete.

关键词： lightweight concrete civil concrete building basalt saw mud fly ash internal curing environmentally friendly

3D simulation of image-defined complex internal features using the numerical manifold method

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 1023-1039页

作者： WU Jie MA GuoWei School of Civil and Transportation Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300401China Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prefabricated building and Intelligent Construction Tianjin 300401China

The numerical simulation of internal features,such as inclusions and voids,is important to analyze their impact on the performance of composite ***,the complex geometries of internal features and the induced continuous-discontinuous(C-D)deformation fields are challenges to their numerical *** this study,a 3D approach using a simple mesh to simulate irregular internal geometries is developed for the first *** the help of a developed voxel crack model,image models that are efficient when recording complex geometries are directly imported into the *** reconstructions,which are usually labor-intensive,are excluded from this ***,using image models as the geometric input,image processing techniques are applied to detect material interfaces and develop contact ***,the C-D deformations of the complex internal features are directly calculated based on the numerical manifold *** accuracy and convergence of the developed3D approach are examined based on multiple *** 3D C-D simulation of sandstones with naturally formed complex microfeatures demonstrates the capability of the developed approach.

关键词： 3D continuous-discontinuous simulation image-based simulation complex internal features numerical manifold method voxel crack model structured mesh

Global hydraulic stability analysis for dynamic regulation in multi-zone variable air volume air-conditioning system

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Energy and Built Environment 2024年第4期5卷 592-606页

作者： Tianyi Zhao Zhe Li Xiuming Li Honglian Peng Institute of building Energy School of Civil EngineeringFaculty of Infrastructure EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent building&building Energy Saving Anhui Jianzhu UniversityHefei 230022China School of Metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China School of Architecture Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150006China

Variable air volume air-conditioning system(VAV system)has multiple control loops that interfered with each other,which has serious impacts on its actual operation *** solve this problem,the index of global hydraulic stability,which takes the physical quantity of the pipe network pressure and the air flow rate as reference,is proposed based on Graph theory,and a pipe network model for the hydraulic calculation is ***,the simulation study based on the actual operation data is carried out in *** distribution of the pressure and the air flow in the pipe network is obtained,and the action interferences among adjacent terminal boxes are analyzed based on global hydraulic stability under damper position regulation strategy(DP strategy)and fan frequency regulation strategy(FF strategy).Results indicate that the FF strategy can decrease the total change distance of the damper position compared with the DP strategy,and then the fluctuation of the pressure and the air flow can be *** contribution of this study is to provide an evaluation index of global hydraulic stability,which can also be used in other air-conditioning systems with multiple terminals and multiple control loops.

关键词： VAV system Global hydraulic stability Adjustment strategy VAV box damper position