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Element mapping the Merensky Reef of the Bushveld Complex

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第3期12卷 259-278页

作者： William Smith Wolfgang Maier Stephen Barnes Gareth Moorhead David Reid Bartosz Karykowski School of Earth and ocean Sciences Cardiff UniversityCardiff CF240DEUnited Kingdom CSIRO Mineral Resources Perth 6160Australia CSIRO ClaytonVictoriaAustralia University of Cape Town South Africa Fugro Germany Land gmbh 12555 BerlinGermany

The Merensky Reef hosts one of the largest PGE resources *** has been exploited for nearly 100 years,yet its origin remains *** the present study,we characterised eight samples of the reef at four localities in the western Bushveld Complex using micro-X-ray fluorescence and field emission scanning electron *** results indicate that the Merensky Reef formed through a range of diverse *** exhibited by chromite grains at the base of the reef are consistent with supercooling and in situ *** local thickening of the Merensky chromitite layers within troughs in the floor rocks is most readily explained by granular *** and deformation textures in pyroxenes of the Merensky pegmatoid bear testament to recrystallisation and *** footwall rocks to the reef contain disseminations of PGE rich sulphides as well as olivine grains with peritectic reaction rims along their upper margins suggesting reactive downward flow of silicate and sulphide ***-hosted melt inclusions containing Cl-rich apatite,sodic plagioclase,and phlogopite suggest the presence of highly evolved,volatile-rich *** reverse zonation of cumulus plagioclase in the footwall of the reef indicates dissolution or partial melting of plagioclase,possibly triggered by flux of heat,acidic fluids,or hydrous ***,these data suggest that the reef formed through a combination of magmatic,hydrodynamic and hydromagmatic processes.

关键词： Merensky Reef Bushveld Complex Magmatic sulphide Platinum-group elements PGE Anorthosite

A Water Movement Study in Lianzhou Bay, Guangxi Province, China

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Journal of ocean University of China 2014年第1期13卷 13-22页

作者： SUN Ting Andreas Macrander David Kaiser College of Physical and Environmental oceanography Ocean University of China Marine Research Institute Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Ecology

This study investigates the physical conditions(water depth, current speed, salinity, temperature) in Lianzhou Bay, a shallow coastal bay in southern China, during two expeditions in the dry and wet seasons of 2011. Based on these expedition data, basic hydrodynamic parameters like Brunt-V?is?l? Frequency, Richardson Number, Rossby radius, and Resonance Period are calculated. The results show that Lianzhou Bay is characterized by comparatively small quantity of freshwater input and weak stratification. Strong tides, which are spatially uniform within the bay, cause turbulent mixing. Residence time of the water is shorter in winter due to a stronger coastal current in that season. Consideration of the water movement may help to reduce the harmful ecological impact of aquaculture waste water discharge.

关键词： water movement water mixing process Rossy radius tidal resonance residence time Lianzhou Bay

Correction of Wave Surge Forces to Improve Surf-Riding/Broaching Vulnerability Criterion Check Accuracy

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2017年第5期22卷 549-554页

作者：封培元范佘明马宁 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ship Engineering Marine Design and Research Institute of China State Key Laboratory of ocean Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Surf-riding/broaching is one of the five stability failure modes to be included into the International Maritime Organization (IMO) second generation intact stability criteria (which are risk-based stability criteria) that can ensure the safety of ships in actual seaways more effectively. This study focuses on the influence of wave surge force prediction accuracy on surf-riding/broaching vulnerability criterion check result. Firstly, it is demonstrated that the wave surge force prediction method adopted in the current vulnerability criterion check procedure is not accurate and may lead to wrong conclusions. The experimental data from captive model test and the numerical result based on 3D panel method both indicate that the diffraction effect must be considered to correctly predict the wave surge forces. Besides, sophisticated methods are not suitable for Level 2 vulnerability criterion check due to their complexity. Therefore, an empirical formula for wave surge force correction based on sample ship calculation results is proposed. The proposed empirical correction formula can effectively improve the vulnerability criterion check accuracy and thus contribute to the design and safety of the ships which are vulnerable to this stability failure mode. © 2017, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag gmbh Germany.

关键词： Broaching Diffraction Failure modes Forecasting Numerical methods Safety engineering Ships Stability

Numerical Analysis of the Soil Compaction Degree Under Multi-Location Tamping

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2017年第4期22卷 417-433页

作者：王威窦锦钟陈锦剑王建华 Engineering Research Center of Railway Environment Vibration and Noise of Ministry of Education East China Jiaotong University School of Naval Architecture ocean and Civil Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Dynamic compaction (DC) is an efficient soil improvement technique. The previous numerical studies mainly focus on the soil response of single location tamping, but ignore the soil compaction degree under multilocation tamping. In this study, a numerical investigation of multi-location tamping in granular soils is carried out using three-dimensional (3D) finite element model (FEM). The behaviors of the granular soils are described by means of the viscoplastic cap model. The constitutive relationship of the soils is implemented into LS-DYNA and is integrated with 3D FEM for numerical investigation. Then utilizing the field data from the previous studies, we investigate the soil compaction degree at different stages by a case of two basic patterns, and discuss the cause of soil response. Lastly, we evaluate the effect of construction parameters on soil compaction. The simulation results show that the previous tamping affects the soil compaction degree beneath the adjacent tamping location, and the effect is greater near the side of previous location. Meanwhile, the soil compaction degree around the existing tamping crater weakens due to the adjacent tamping. Moreover, the rational selection of DC construction parameters can improve the soil compaction degree, and some hints on the effect of soil compaction are given. © 2017, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag gmbh Germany.

关键词： dynamic compaction(DC) soil improvement multi-tamping locations finite elements plastic volumetric strain

Effect of Orthogonal Stiffeners on the Stability of Axially Compressed Steel Jacking Pipe

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2017年第5期22卷 536-540页

作者：甄亮陈锦剑王建华乔丕忠 Department of Civil Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University State Key Laboratory of ocean Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Engineering Mechanics Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Load conditions for steel pipe-jacking are complex during the construction stage. The stability of steel jacking pipe has been an increasingly important problem as jacking forces, pipe diameters and jacking distances increase. However, there are no standards for pipe reinforcement, for prevention of buckling, or for remedying pipe that buckles when being jacked axially. Past experience suggests that stiffeners can effectively reinforce the structure. This study analyzes the effect of different stiffeners on the stability of steel jacking pipe under axial compression using finite element analysis. The results suggest that the stability of steel jacking pipe can be significantly improved by using orthogonal stiffeners, in terms of engineering costs and construction space inside the pipe. Based on current engineering practice, the application of orthogonal stiffeners is discussed. This study provides a useful reference for the design and construction of steel jacking pipe. © 2017, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag gmbh Germany.

关键词： steel pipe-jacking stiffeners numerical simulation stability analysis

A Review of Arctic-Subarctic ocean Linkages: Past Changes, Mechanisms, and Future Projections

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ocean-Land-atmosphere Research 2023年第1期2卷 134-172页

作者： Qiang Wang Qi Shu Shizhu Wang Agnieszka Beszczynska-Moeller Sergey Danilov Laura de Steur Thomas W.N.Haine Michael Karcher Craig M.Lee Paul G.Myers Igor V.Polyakov Christine Provost Øystein Skagseth Gunnar Spreen Rebecca Woodgate Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research(AWI) BremerhavenGermany First Institute of oceanography and Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical ModelingMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdaoPeople’s Republic of China Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling QingdaoPeople’s Republic of China Institute of oceanology Polish Academy of SciencesSopotPoland Department of Mathematics and Logistics Jacobs UniversityBremenGermany Norwegian Polar Institute Fram CentreTromsøNorway Earth&Planetary Sciences The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA .8ocean atmosphere systems gmbh HamburgGermany Applied Physics Laboratory University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada. International Arctic Research Center and College of Natural Science and Mathematics University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAKUSA. Finnish Meteorological Institute HelsinkiFinland. Laboratoire Locean-IPSL Sorbonne Université(UPMCUniversity Paris 6)CNRSIRDMNHNParisFrance. Institute of Marine Research and Bjerknes Centre of Climate Research BergenNorway. Institute of Environmental Physics University of BremenBremenGermany

Arctic ocean gateway fluxes play a crucial role in linking the Arctic with the global ocean and affecting climate and marine *** reviewed past studies on Arctic-Subarctic ocean linkages and examined their changes and driving *** review highlights that radical changes occurred in the inflows and outflows of the Arctic ocean during the ***,the Pacific inflow temperature in the Bering Strait and Atlantic inflow temperature in the Fram Strait hit record highs,while the Pacific inflow salinity in the Bering Strait and Arctic outflow salinity in the Davis and Fram straits hit record *** the ocean heat convergence from lower latitudes to the Arctic and the hydrological cycle connecting the Arctic with Subarctic seas were stronger in 2000-2020 than in ***6 models project a continuing increase in poleward ocean heat convergence in the 21st century,mainly due to warming of inflow *** also predict an increase in freshwater input to the Arctic ocean,with the largest increase in freshwater export expected to occur in the Fram Strait due to both increased ocean volume export and decreased *** Strait sea ice volume export hit a record low in the 2010s and is projected to continue to decrease along with Arctic sea ice *** quantitatively attribute the variability of the volume,heat,and freshwater transports in the Arctic gateways to forcing within and outside the Arctic based on dedicated numerical simulations and emphasize the importance of both origins in driving the variability.

关键词： Arctic ocean Strait

Exploring seamount ecosystems and biodiversity in the tropical Western Pacific ocean

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Journal of oceanology and Limnology 2021年第5期39卷 1585-1590页

作者： Kuidong XU Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny Shandong ProvinceKey Laboratory of Experimental Marine BiologyInstitute of OceanologyCenter for Ocean Mega-ScienceChineseAcademy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Pilot NationalLaboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Springer-Verlag gmbh Germany,part of Springer Nature 2021 Seamounts are underwater mountains that rise at least 1000 m from the seafl *** are generally extinct underwater volcanoes,of which a few remain active and support both vent and seamount *** constitute distinct submarine landscape of the world’s ocean fl oor and over half the number of seamounts occur in the Pacifi c ocean,among them the Magellan seamounts and Marcus-Wake seamounts are found to have the most developed cobalt-rich *** have been known to support higher biomass and higher diversity of marine life than their surrounding deep-sea fl *** exploration of seabed minerals and the Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA)have continuously driven the seamount surveys.

关键词： tropical mountains submarine

Erratum to “A Review of Arctic–Subarctic ocean Linkages: Past Changes, Mechanisms, and Future Projections”

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ocean-Land-atmosphere Research 2023年第1期2卷 234-236页

作者： Qiang Wang Qi Shu Shizhu Wang Agnieszka Beszczynska-Moeller Sergey Danilov Laura de Steur Thomas W.N.Haine Michael Karcher Craig M.Lee Paul G.Myers Igor V.Polyakov Christine Provost Øystein Skagseth Gunnar Spreen Rebecca Woodgate Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research(AWI) BremerhavenGermany First Institute of oceanography and Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical ModelingMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdaoPeople’s Republic of China Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling QingdaoPeople’s Republic of China Institute of oceanology Polish Academy of SciencesSopotPoland. Department of Mathematics and Logistics Jacobs UniversityBremenGermany. Norwegian Polar Institute Fram CentreTromsøNorway. Earth&Planetary Sciences The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA. ocean atmosphere systems gmbh HamburgGermany. Applied Physics Laboratory University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada. International Arctic Research Center and College of Natural Science and Mathematics University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAKUSA. Finnish Meteorological Institute HelsinkiFinland. Laboratoire Locean-IPSL Sorbonne Université(UPMCUniversity Paris 6)CNRSIRDMNHNParisFrance. Institute of Marine Research and Bjerknes Centre of Climate Research BergenNorway. Institute of Environmental Physics University of BremenBremenGermany

In the Review Article"A Review of Arctic–Subarctic ocean Linkages:Past Changes,Mechanisms,and Future Projections"[1],the x-axis in Figure 4B and y-axis in Figure 8F were skewed during picture beautification by an ***... 详细信息

关键词： Arctic arctic Figure

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壳牌对未来车用能源多元化发展趋势的思考

汽车安全与节能学报 2020年第1期11卷 17-35页

作者：贾恬郑彬 Warnecke W Kolbeck A Aradi A Kofod M Clark R Wilbrand K 壳牌(上海)技术有限公司上海201210 Shell Global Solutions(Germany)gmbh Hamburg 21107Germany Shell Global Solutions US Inc Houston 77082-3101USA Shell Global Solutions(UK)Ltd London SE17NAUK

面对能源短缺和环境污染的双重挑战,交通领域的转型升级不可避免。本文结合未来车用动力系统的发展趋势,对交通运输领域中应用的多种先进动力系统、清洁能源及替代燃料进行综述和评价,包括目前主要使用的传统液态化石燃料即汽、柴油及... 详细信息

面对能源短缺和环境污染的双重挑战,交通领域的转型升级不可避免。本文结合未来车用动力系统的发展趋势,对交通运输领域中应用的多种先进动力系统、清洁能源及替代燃料进行综述和评价,包括目前主要使用的传统液态化石燃料即汽、柴油及先进内燃机技术,清洁替代燃料(如生物燃料、天然气合成油(GTL)燃料、电转液(PTL)燃料、液化天然气(LNG)等),以及电气化动力系统(包括混合动力、纯电动和燃料电池)等,并着重讨论液体燃料。壳牌认为没有一种单一的解决方案可以解决复杂的能源问题,未来交通能源结构将呈现多种能源并存的特点,并分别适用于不同的场景。该文还介绍了壳牌近期基于不同政治、经济和社会发展程度提出的3种远景(壳牌“高山”、“海洋”和“天空”远景),提出壳牌对未来车用能源领域转型脱碳发展情景的思考。

关键词：清洁替代燃料内燃机技术生物燃料天然气合成油(GTL) 电转液(PTL)燃料液化天然气(LNG) 电气化动力总成远景预测