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A One Health approach to fight antimicrobial resistance in Uganda: Implementation experience, results, and lessons learned

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Biosafety and Health 2024年第2期6卷 125-132页

作者： Reuben Kiggundu J.P.Waswa Niranjan Konduri Hassan Kasuja Marion Murungi Patrick Vudriko Harriet Akello Eric Lugada Cecilia Muiva Esther Were Dinah Tjipura Henry Kajumbula Kate Kikule Emmanuel Nfor Mohan P.Joshi USAID Medicines Technologiesand Pharmaceutical Services ProgramManagement Sciences for HealthKampala 256Uganda USAID Medicines Technologiesand Pharmaceutical Services ProgramManagement Sciences for HealthArlingtonVA 22203USA College of veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and BiosecurityMakerere UniversityKampala 256Uganda Ministry of Health Uganda Kampala 256Uganda USAID Strengthening Supply Chain Systems Activity Management Sciences for HealthKampala 256Uganda USAID Medicines Technologiesand Pharmaceutical Services ProgramManagement Sciences for HealthNairobi 254Kenya Department of Microbiology College of Health SciencesMakerere UniversityKampala 256Uganda

Uganda has been implementing the Global Health Security Agenda(GHSA)since 2015 to build its capacity according to World Health Organization(WHO)Benchmarks on International Health Regulations *** country remains prone to outbreaks,with more than 20 disease outbreaks reported in the past five years,including Ebola virus disease,Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever,Marburg haemorrhagic fever,measles,yellow fever,coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and *** resistance(AMR)is an ongoing *** scored capacity level 3 on infection prevention and control(IPC)and antimicrobial stewardship(AMS)in the 2017 Joint External Evaluation(JEE)*** gaps were being addressed after a self-assessment in *** paper describes the technical assistance approaches provided to Uganda by the Medicines,Technologies,and Pharmaceutical services Program,funded by the United States(U.S.)Agency for International Development,and implemented by Management Sciences for *** program,through a One Health approach,supported systematic capacity strengthening based on the JEE's capacity advancement framework for global health security,specifically relating to *** program's interventions impacted 32 WHO benchmark actions(7 for AMR multisectoral coordination,16 for IPC,and 9 for AMS),contributing to Uganda's strengthened GHSA *** success built on the AMR platform,the program trained 745 health workers in IPC for the Ebola virus and provided support for simulation exercises by eight district IPC *** program also worked with the Ministry of Health to coordinate IPC for the COVID-19 response in five health regions,covering 45 districts and reaching 5,452 health workers at 858 health facilities.

关键词： One health Antimicrobial resistance Antibiotic resistance Jointexternal evaluation Global health security Uganda Africa WHO Benchmarks for International Health Regulations Capacities

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Fentanyl and xylazine crisis:Crafting coherent strategies for opioid overdose prevention

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第6期14卷 760-766页

作者： Lakshit Jain Jasleen Kaur Shahana Ayub Danya Ansari Rizwan Ahmed Abdul Qadir Dada Saeed Ahmed Department of Psychiatry University of ConnecticutFarmingtonCT 06032United States Addiction services Division Connecticut Valley HospitalMiddletownCT 06457United States Department of Psychiatry Institute of LivingHartfordCT 06102United States Department of Medicine Islamabad Medical and Dental CollegeIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Medicine Liaquat College of Medicine and DentistryKarachi 75290Pakistan Department of Medicine Trinity School of MedicineRoswellGA 30075United States Addiction services and Dual Diagnosis Unit Saint Francis Hospital and Medical CenterHartfordCT 06105United States

The United States is in the throes of a severe opioid overdose epidemic,primarily fueled by the pervasive use of fentanyl and the emerging threat of xylazine,a veterinary sedative often mixed with *** high potency and long duration of fentanyl is compounded by the added risks from xylazine,heightening the lethal danger faced by opioid *** such as enhanced surveillance,public awareness campaigns,and the distribution of fentanylxylazine test kits,and naloxone have been undertaken to mitigate this ***-related overdose deaths persist despite these efforts,partly due to inconsistent policies across states and resistance towards adopting harm reduction strategies.A multifaceted approach is imperative in effectively combating the opioid overdose *** approach should include expansion of treatment access,broadening the availability of medications for opioid use disorder,implementation of harm reduction strategies,and enaction of legislative reforms and diminishing stigma associated with opioid use disorder.

关键词： Fentanyl Xylazine Opioid overdose Epidemic Opioid use disorder Buprenorphine Medications for opioid use disorder

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Achillea fragrantissima,rich in flavonoids and tannins,potentiates the activity of diminazine aceturate against Trypanosoma evansi in rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第3期9卷 223-229页

作者： Ibrahim M.El-Ashmawy Naser A.Al-Wabel Aida E.Bayad Department of veterinary Medicine College of Agricultural and Veterinary Medicine.Qassim University Department of Pharmacology.Faculty of veterinary Medicine.Alexandria University veterinary services Center Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAlexandria University

Objective:To evaluate activity of methanol extract of Achillea fragrantissima(meth)(***) alone or in combination with diminazine aceturate(DA) against Trypanosoma evansi in experimentally infected ***:Sixty adult male Wister albino rats were divided equally into 6 groups(A-F).Rats in groups A-E were experimentally infected with *** and those in group F were *** groups were treated respectively as follows:group A- with 3.5 mg/kg DA;group B- with 1 000 mg/kg meth,***;group C-3.5mg/kg DA plus 500 mg/kg meth ***;group D-3.5 mg/kg DA plus 1 000 mg/kg meth *** E was left ***,survivability,packed cell volume,hemoglobin concentration,total leucocytes count,lymphocyte count,and serum malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione(GSH) levels were *** screening of meth *** was also ***:The phytochemical analysis of the meth *** indicated a higher content from polyphenols tannins and non tannins and *** efficacy percentage against trypanosomiasis in groups A to E was respectively as follows 80,40,90.100,*** administration of ***(1000)mg/kg ***.) produced a moderate efficacy against *** rats in group E died between 25 and 30 d post *** rats given DA and meth *** combinations(C and D) showed faster and higher recovery rates than the uninfected control and groups A and *** initial reduction in packed cell volume,hemoglobin,total leucocytes count,increases in serum malondialdehyde and decreases in GSH levels were reversed by the treatments.C onclusions:The administration of the methanol extracts of *** and DA combination therapy was more effective than each product alone in the treatment of rats infected with Trypanosoma evansi and further studies are required to isolate more active ingredients.

关键词： Achillea fragrantissima Trypanosoma evansi Flavonoids Malondialdehyde Reduced glutathione Rats

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Entomopathogenic fungi isolated from Yukon soil against unfed larvae of the winter tick,Dermacentor albipictus

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Studies in Fungi 2019年第1期4卷 123-134页

作者： Dobrotka CJ Krieger M oakley M Trotter J Rodell BM Stein KL Klever LA Fisher KA Yoder JA Department of Biology Wittenberg UniversitySpringfieldOH45501USA Champagne and Aishihik First Nations Haines JunctionYTY0B 1L0CAN oakley veterinary services HainesAK99827USA

Fungal composition of Yukon soil samples consisted of 29 soil saprobes common to acidified forest,subarctic *** of the fungi identified are psychrotrophs,capable of growth at both 4℃ and 20℃.Of these,a total of 17 fungi were found to be entomopathogenic by winter tick(Dermacentor albipictus)larval bioassays:Aspergillus flavus,Beauveria,namely ***,Mucor,Paecilomyces yielded>~70%larval mortality and the remainder,mostly Mortierella and Penicillium,averaged~40%larval *** where elk(Cervus elaphus canadensis)are observed had an overall greater quantity,and diversity of entomopathogenic soil fungi than sites where elk are not *** diversity of fungi at elk-inhabited sites is likely a product of warmer soil microclimate(hillsides where elk are seen,lose snow earlier than other areas),animal presence,and increased nutrient *** conclude that Yukon soils contain fungi that naturally regulate populations of *** fungi are archived at the Wittenberg University Fungus Collection,Springfield,OH,USA.

关键词： Biological control mycoflora moose tick elk tick horse tick Canada Alaska

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Growth characteristics and pathogenic consequences of predominant entomopathogenic Yukon soil fungi Mortierella alpina and Penicillium expansum,and effectiveness of Met52®,against larvae of the winter tick,Dermacentor albipictus

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Studies in Fungi 2019年第1期4卷 101-110页

作者： Yoder JA Krieger M oakley M Trotter J Schmelzer P Niksic A Rodell BM Klever LA Department of Biology Wittenberg UniversitySpringfieldOH45501USA Champagne and Aishihik First Nations Haines JunctionYTY0B 1L0CAN oakley veterinary services HainesAK99827USA

Water activity-temperature relationships are reported for Yukon soil-isolated strains of Mortierella alpina and Penicillium expansum that are natural enemies to larvae(infestation stage)of the winter tick Dermacentor *** fungal strains are psychrotrophs,characterized by low thermal growth ranges,consistent with their occurrence in Yukon *** contrast to ***,*** is more temperature sensitive,has a higher requirement,and is more virulent to tick *** and Biological Control Officers should note that for tick population control these *** and *** strains grow and sporulate well under moderate temperature and humid *** experiments used Met52®Bioinsecticide as a positive control,and this is the first study that demonstrates the effectiveness of this commercial product against winter tick larvae.

关键词： Alaska biological control Canada elk tick horse tick moose tick temperature water activity

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Advances in clinical applications of bioceramics in the new regenerative medicine era

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第11期12卷 1863-1869页

作者： Noha Elshazly Fayza Eid Nasr Ayat Hamdy Safa Saied Mohamed Elshazly Tissue Engineering Laboratory Faculty of DentistryAlexandria UniversityAlexandria 21526Egypt Department of Biochemistry Faculty of ScienceAlexandria UniversityAlexandria 21526Egypt Public Dental Clinic Central Administration of DentistryMinistry of Health and PopulationAlexandria 21554Egypt Department of Surgery Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAlexandria 21526Egypt

In this editorial,we comment on the hard and soft tissue applications of different ceramic-based scaffolds prepared by different mechanisms such as 3D printing,sol-gel,and *** new concept of regenerative medicine relies on biomaterials that can trigger in situ tissue regeneration and stem cell recruitment at the defect site.A large percentage of these biomaterials is ceramic-based as they provide the essential requirements of biomaterial principles such as tailored multisize porosity,antibacterial properties,and angiogenic *** these previously mentioned properties put bioceramics on top of the hierarchy of biomaterials utilized to stimulate tissue regeneration in soft and hard tissue *** clinical applications registered the use of these materials in triggering soft tissue regeneration in healthy and diabetic patients such as bioactive glass *** results were promising and opened new frontiers for utilizing these materials on a larger *** same results were mentioned when using different forms and formulas of bioceramics in hard defect *** bioceramics were used in combination with other polymers and biological scaffolds to improve their regenerative and mechanical *** this progress will enable a larger scale of patients to receive such services with ease and decrease the financial burden on the government.

关键词： Regenerative medicine Bioceramics Chronic wounds Bone defects Clinical applications

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Control of animal brucellosis: the Malaysian experience

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第12期9卷 1111-1115页

作者： M.Zamri-Saad M.I.Kamarudin Research Centre for Ruminant Diseases Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversiti Putra Malaysia Department of veterinary services Malaysia Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease characterized by reproductive failure in animals and undulent fever in humans. In cattle, it is caused by Brucella abortus while in goats by Brucella melitensis, the main cause of brucellosis in humans. Brucellosis in livestock has been associated with importation of animals from breeder herd of unknown disease status. The prevalence of bovine brucellosis Brucella abortus in 2014 ranged between 1%-2% in Thailand and Indonesia, and 4%-5% in Malaysia and Myanmar. Prevalence of goat brucellosis Brucella melitensis is approximately 1% in Malaysia and Thailand. ‘Test-and-slaughter' is the general policy against brucellosis adopted by most ASEAN countries to eradicate the disease. Under this program, the Rose Bengal Plate Test(RBPT) is used as the screening test to identify infected farm/herd while the Complement Fixation Test(CFT) is the confirmatory test. The test-and-slaughter eradication strategy that was implemented since 1979 had managed to keep the prevalence rate to less than 5%, from 3.3% in 1979, 0.23% in 1988, 1% in 1998 and 5% in 2016. The test-and-slaughter program seemed effective in reducing the prevalence of brucellosis but was unable to eradicate the disease due to several factors, which include failure to locate and identify the remaining affected animals and to control their movement, importation of breeder animals from non-brucellosis free countries and lack of participation by the farmers following unrealiable test results. To support the eradication policy, research activities since 1980 s have suggested combinations of serological tests to improve diagnosis while surveillance should be focused on hotspots areas. The prevalence can be further reduced by strictly sourcing breeder animals from brucella-free areas or countries.

关键词： Brucellosis Animal Control

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Opportunistic infection of Aspergillus and bacteria in captive Cape vultures (Gyps coprotheres)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2013年第5期3卷 401-406页

作者： Stephen Chege Judith Howlett Majid Al Qassimi Arshad Toosy Joerg Kinne Vincent Obanda Life Sciences Department Al Ain Wildlife Park and Resort Central veterinary Research Laboratories veterinary services Department Kenya Wildlife Service

Objective:To describe clinical signs,pathology,diagnosis and treatment of Cape vultures in which Aspergillus fumigatus(***)and mixed species of bacteria were ***:Six Cape vultures sourced from South Africa for exhibition at Al Ain Zoo developed illness manifesting as anorexia,dyspnea,polyuria and *** vultures died manifesting"pneumonia-like syndrome".These three vultures were necropsied and gross lesions recorded,while organ tissues were collected for *** organs were swabbed for bacteriology and *** live vultures,blood was collected for hematology and biochemistry,oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were collected for mycology and ***:*** was isolated from the three dead vultures and two live ones that eventually *** of the dead vulture and two live vultures were co-infected with *** and mixed species of bacteria that included Clostridium perfringens,Pseudomonas,Staphylococcus,Escherichia,Proteus,Enterococcus and *** of the Cape vulture and a Lappetfaced vulture,however,were free of Aspergillus or bacterial *** necropsy,intestinal hemorrhages were observed and the lungs were overtly congested with granulomas present on caudal air *** examinations demonstrated granulomatous lesions that were infiltrated by mononuclear cells and giant ***:Aspergillosis is a persistent threat to captive birds and we recommend routine health assessments so that early diagnosis may prompt early *** is likely that prompt prophylaxis by broad spectrum antibiotics and antifungals medication contributed to the survival of some of the vultures.

关键词： Aspergillosis Cape vultures Wild birds Aspergillus Bacteria

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Land use and river-lake connectivity: Biodiversity determinants of lake ecosystems

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第5期21卷 329-340页

作者： Huiyu Xie Yu Ma Xiaowei Jin Shiqi Jia Xu Zhao Xianfu Zhao Yongjiu Cai Jian Xu Fengchang Wu John P.Giesy State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing100012China College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China China National Environmental Monitoring Centre Beijing100012China Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources Institute of HydroecologyMinistry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430079China Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing210008China Department of Integrative Biology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48895USA Department of veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanS7N 5B3Canada Toxicology Centre and Department of veterinary Biomedical Sciences University of Saskatchewan44 Campus DriveSaskatoonSKS7N 5B3SaskatoonSKCanada

Lake ecosystems confront escalating challenges to their stability and resilience,most intuitively leading to biodiversity loss,necessitating effective preservation strategies to safeguard aquatic ***,the complexity of ecological processes governing lake biodiversity under multi-stressor interactions remains an ongoing concern,primarily due to insufficient long-term bioindicator data,particularly concerning macroinvertebrate *** we utilize a unique,continuous,and in situ biomonitoring dataset spanning from 2011 to 2019 to investigate the spatio-temporal variation of macroinvertebrate *** assess the impact of four crucial environmental parameters on Lake Dongting and Lake Taihu,i.e.,water quality,hydrology,climate change,and land *** two systems are representative of lakes with Yangtze-connected and disconnected subtropical floodplains in *** find an alarming trend of declining taxonomic and functional diversities among macroinvertebrate communities despite improvements in water *** contributing factors to this decline include persistent anthropogenic pressures,particularly alterations in human land use around the lakes,including intensified nutrient loads and reduced habitat ***,river-lake connectivity is pivotal in shaping differential responses to multiple *** results highlight a strong correlation between biodiversity alterations and land use within a 2e5 km radius and 0.05e2.5 km from the shorelines of Lakes Dongting and Taihu,*** findings highlight the importance of implementing land buffer zones with specific spatial scales to enhance taxonomic and functional diversity,securing essential ecosystem services and enhancing the resilience of crucial lake ecosystems.

关键词： Taxonomic richness Functional diversity Biotic homogenization River-lake connectivity Multiple stressors

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Recent advances in bird sperm morphometric analysis and its role in male gamete characterization and reproduction technologies

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第6期18卷 882-888页

作者： Julian Santiago-Moreno Milagros Cristina Esteso Silvia Villaverde-Morcillo Adolfo Toledano-Diaz Cristina Castafio Rosario Velazquez Antonio Lopez-Sebastian Agustin Lopez Goya Javier Gimeno Martinez Department of Animal Reproduction INIA 28040 Madrid Spain veterinary Clinical and Research services Fieb Foundation 28760 Tres Cantos Madrid Spain FAUNIA 28032 Madrid Spain

Postcopulatory sexual selection through sperm competition may be an important evolutionary force affecting many reproductive traits, including sperm morphometrics. Environmental factors such as pollutants, pesticides, and climate change may affect different sperm traits, and thus reproduction, in sensitive bird species. Many sperm-handling processes used in assisted reproductive techniques may also affect the size of sperm cells. The accurately measured dimensions of sperm cell structures （especially the head） can thus be used as indicators of environmental influences, in improving our understanding of reproductive and evolutionary strategies, and for optimizing assisted reproductive techniques （e.g., sperm cryopreservation） for use with birds. Computer-assisted sperm morphometry analysis （CASA-Morph） provides an accurate and reliable method for assessing sperm morphometry, reducing the problem of subjectivity associated with human visual assessment. Computerized systems have been standardized for use with semen from different mammalian species. Avian spermatozoa, however, are filiform, limiting their analysis with such systems, which were developed to examine the approximately spherical heads of mammalian sperm cells. To help overcome this, the standardization of staining techniques to be used in compute^-assessed light microscopical methods is a priority. The present review discusses these points and describes the sperm morphometric characteristics of several wild and domestic bird species.

关键词： avian computer-assisted assay morphometry spermatozoa

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