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Pre-MASLD:Should it be defined separately?

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第1期23卷 1-3页

作者： Hang-Kai Huang You-Ming Li Cheng-Fu Xu department of Gastroenterology Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseasesthe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310003China

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is one of the most common chronic liver diseases,yet it has not received sufficient attention[1].Over the past two decades,the overall global prevalence of NAFLD has risen from 25%to 37%[2].The disease burden of NAFLD is fueled by the epidemic of obesity and diabetes[3].It is estimated that more than half of patients with diabetes have NAFLD.

关键词： NAFLD liver diseases

Quick and easy assessment of sarcopenia in cirrhosis: Can ultrasound be the solution?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第17期30卷 2287-2293页

作者： Francesca Campani Tancredi Vincenzo Li Cavoli Umberto Arena Fabio Marra Erica Nicola Lynch Claudia Campani department of Health Science University Hospital CareggiUniversity of FlorenceFlorence 50134Italy Internal medicine and Liver Unit University Hospital CareggiUniversity of FlorenceFlorence 50134Italy department of Experimental and clinical medicine University of FlorenceFlorence 50134Italy Gastroenterology Research Unit Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences“Mario Serio”University of FlorenceFlorence 50134Italy department of Medical Biotechnologies University of SienaSiena 53100Italy

Cirrhosis is frequently associated with sarcopenia,with reported rates of over 80%in patients with decompensated alcohol-related liver *** nega-tively impacts the prognosis of cirrhotic patients and affects the response to treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).For these reasons,identifying an easy-to-perform method to assess sarcopenia in is a key element in the optimization of care in this patient *** of muscle mass by computed tomography is considered the standard of care for the diagnosis of sarcopenia,but exposure to radiation and high costs limit its application in this setting,especially for repeated *** believe that ultrasound,a cheap and harmless technique also used for HCC screening in cirrhotic patients,could have an expanding role in the diagnosis and follow-up of sarcopenia in these patients.

关键词： Sarcopenia Ultrasound Cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma Computed tomography

Hyperpolarized ^(13)C MRI in hepatocellular carcinoma:Unmet questions during clinical translation

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第13期137卷 1516-1518页

作者： Zheng Ye Bin Song Christoffer Laustsen department of Radiology West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China The MR Research Center Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhus N 8200Denmark

Hyperpolarized(HP)^(13)C magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is a powerful molecular imaging *** dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization(d-DNP),it can achieve dramatic signal increase and allows for dynamic and quantitative investigation of real-time metabolism in vivo.[1]The typical HP^(13)C MRI workflow begins with formulating the^(13)C probe,and then placing it in the hyperpolarization equipment to achieve the desired signal amplification level,which typically amounts to an increase in the MRI signal by more than 10,000 *** subsequent data acquisition is supported by a specialized^(13)C coil and^(13)C acquisition sequence,and finally quantitative and visualized metabolic information is obtained through a post-processing *** date,research of HP^(13)C MRI has focused on diabetes,cardiovascular diseases,and cancers,[2]showing great promises in tumor detection and the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy.

关键词： metabolism polarized specialized

FUT8-mediated aberrant N-glycosylation of SEMA7A promotes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression

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International Journal of Oral Science 2024年第2期16卷 333-348页

作者： Zhonglong Liu Xiaoyan Meng Yuxin Zhang Jingjing Sun Xiao Tang Zhiyuan Zhang Liu Liu Yue He department of Oral Maxillofacial&Head and Neck Oncology Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseaseShanghaiChina department of Oral Surgery Shanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNational Center for StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShanghaiChina department of Oral Pathology Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease ShanghaiShanghaiChina

SEMA7A belongs to the Semaphorin family and is involved in the oncogenesis and tumor *** glycosylation has been intricately linked with immune escape and tumor ***7A is a highly glycosylated protein with five glycosylated *** underlying mechanisms of SEMA7A glycosylation and its contribution to immunosuppression and tumorigenesis are ***,we identify overexpression and aberrant N-glycosylation of SEMA7A in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma,and elucidate fucosyltransferase FUT8 catalyzes aberrant core fucosylation in SEMA7A at N-linked oligosaccharides(Asn 105,157,258,330,and 602)via a direct protein‒protein interaction.A glycosylated statue of SEMA7A is necessary for its intra-cellular trafficking from the cytoplasm to the *** EGF triggers SEMA7A N-glycosylation through increasing the binding affinity of SEMA7A toward FUT8,whereas TGF-β1 promotes abnormal glycosylation of SEMA7A via induction of epithelial–mesenchymal *** N-glycosylation of SEMA7A leads to the differentiation of CD8^(+)T cells along a trajectory toward an exhausted state,thus shaping an immunosuppressive microenvironment and being resistant immunogenic cell *** of SEMA7A significantly improves the clinical outcome of EGFR-targeted and anti-PD-L1-based ***,we also define RBM4,a splice regulator,as a downstream effector of glycosylated SEMA7A and a pivotal mediator of PD-L1 alternative *** findings suggest that targeting FUT8-SEMA7A axis might be a promising strategy for improving antitumor responses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients.

关键词： aberrant squamous SEMA

Spi1 regulates the microglial/macrophage inflammatory response via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 161-170页

作者： Guoqiang Zhang Jianan Lu Jingwei Zheng Shuhao Mei Huaming Li Xiaotao Zhang An Ping Shiqi Gao Yuanjian Fang Jun Yu department of Neurosurgery The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina department of Neurosurgery Huashan Hospital of Fudan University School of MedicineShanghaiChina clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province HangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases HangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina

Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that microglia and macrophages participate in a multiphasic brain damage repair process following intracerebral *** E26 transformation-specific sequence-related transcription factor Spi1 regulates microglial/macrophage commitment and ***,the effect of Spi1 on intracerebral hemorrhage remains *** this study,we found that Spi1 may regulate recovery from the neuroinflammation and neurofunctional damage caused by intracerebral hemorrhage by modulating the microglial/macrophage *** showed that high Spi1expression in microglia/macrophages after intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with the activation of many pathways that promote phagocytosis,glycolysis,and autophagy,as well as debris clearance and sustained ***,microglia with higher levels of Soil expression were chara cterized by activation of pathways associated with a variety of hemorrhage-related cellular processes,such as complement activation,angiogenesis,and *** conclusion,our results suggest that Spi1 plays a vital role in the microglial/macrophage inflammatory response following intracerebral *** new insight into the regulation of Spi1 and its target genes may advance our understanding of neuroinflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage and provide therapeutic targets for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.

关键词： intracerebral hemorrhage macrophage microglia neuroinflammation phagocytosis PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway Spi1 transcriptomics

DNA methylation drives a new path in gastric cancer early detection:Current impact and prospects

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第2期11卷 847-860页

作者： Xinhui Wang Yaqi Dong Hong Zhang Yinghui Zhao Tianshu Miao Ghazal Mohseni Lutao Du Chuanxin Wang department of clinical Laboratory The Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandong 250033China department of clinical Laboratory Fuling HospitalChongqing UniversityChongqing 402774China Suzhou Research Institute of Shandong University SuzhouJiangsu 215123China department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Shandong University School of Basic Medical SciencesJinanShandong 250012China Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection JinanShandong 250033China Shandong Provincial clinical medicine Research Center for clinical Laboratory JinanShandong 250033China

Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common and deadly cancers *** detection offers the best chance for curative treatment and reducing its ***,the optimal population-based early screening for GC remains *** DNA methylation occurs in the early stage of GC,exhibiting cancer-specific genetic and epigenetic changes,and can be detected in the media such as blood,gastric juice,and feces,constituting a valuable biomarker for cancer early ***,DNA methylation is a stable epigenetic alteration,and many innovative methods have been developed to quantify it rapidly and ***,large-scale clinical validation of DNA methylation serving as tumor biomarkers is still lacking,precluding their implementation in clinical *** conclusion,after a critical analysis of the recent existing literature,we summarized the evolving roles of DNA methylation during GC occurrence,expounded the newly discovered noninvasive DNA methylation biomarkers for early detection of GC,and discussed its challenges and prospects in clinical applications.

关键词： Biomarkers DNA methylation Early detection Gastric cancer Translation

Liposomalα-cyperone targeting bone resorption surfaces suppresses osteoclast differentiation and osteoporosis progression via the PI3K/Akt axis

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2949-2959页

作者： Lin Yang Xueying An Wang Gong Wenshu Wu Bin Liu Xiaoyan Shao Yansi Xian Rui Peng Baosheng Guo Qing Jiang Division of Sports medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery Department of Orthopedic SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University321 Zhongshan RoadNanjing 210008China Branch of National clinical Research Center for Orthopedics Sports Medicine and RehabilitationNanjing 210008China State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Medical SchoolNanjing University&Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive SurgeryDepartment of Orthopedic SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing 210008China

Osteoporosis is a metabolic dysregulation of bone that occurs mainly in postmenopausal women,and the hyperfunction of osteoclasts is the primary contributor to postmenopausal ***,the development of effective therapeutic drugs and precise delivery systems remains a challenge in the field of anti-absorption ***,we reported theα-cyperone(α-CYP)for anti-osteoporosis and developed a liposome-based nano-drug delivery system ofα-CYP,that specifically targets the bone resorption ***,we found that theα-CYP,one of the major sesquiterpenes of Cyperus rotundus L.,attenuated the progression of osteoporosis in ovariectomized(OVX)mice and down-regulated the expression of phosphorylated proteins of phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)and protein kinase B(Akt),causing down-regulation of osteoclast-related genes/proteins and curbing osteoclast ***,α-CYP reversed the activation of osteoclastic differentiation and enhanced osteoporosis-related proteins expression caused by PI3K/Akt agonist(YS-49).More importantly,we adopted the osteoclastic resorption surface targeting peptide Asp8 and constructed the liposome(lipαC@Asp8)to deliverα-CYP to osteoclasts and confirmed its anti-osteoporosis effect and enhanced osteoclast inhibition by blocking PI3K/Akt *** conclusion,this study demonstrated thatα-CYP inhibits osteoclast differentiation and osteoporosis development by silencing PI3K/Akt pathway,and the liposome targeting delivery systems loaded withα-CYP might provide a novel and effective strategy to treat osteoporosis.

关键词： osteoporosis α-cyperone osteoclast phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt) liposome

Cardiac arrest, stony heart, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation: An updated revisit

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第3期16卷 126-136页

作者： Ayman El-Menyar Bianca M Wahlen department of Trauma and Vascular Surgery Clinical ResearchHamad Medical CorporationDoha 3050Qatar department of clinical medicine Weill Cornell Medical CollegeDoha 24144Qatar department of Anesthesiology Hamad Medical CorporationDoha 3050Qatar

The post-resuscitation period is recognized as the main predictor of cardiopul-monary resuscitation(CPR)*** first description of post-resuscitation syndrome and stony heart was published over 50 years *** manifestations may include but are not limited to,persistent precipitating pathology,systemic ischemia/reperfusion response,post-cardiac arrest brain injury,and finally,post-cardiac arrest myocardial dysfunction(PAMD)after successful *** do some patients initially survive successful resuscitation,and others do not?Also,why does the myocardium response vary after resuscitation?These ques-tions have kept scientists busy for several decades since the first successful resuscitation was *** modifying the conventional modalities of resu-scitation together with new promising agents,rescuers will be able to salvage the jeopardized post-resuscitation myocardium and prevent its progression to a dismal,stony *** awareness and staff education are crucial for shortening the resuscitation time and improving short-and long-term *** of these components before and early after the restoration of circulation will enhance the resuscitation *** review extensively addresses the underlying pathophysiology,management,and outcomes of post-resuscitation *** pattern,management,and outcome of PAMD and post-cardiac arrest shock are different based on many factors,including in-hospital cardiac arrest vs out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA),witnessed vs unwitnessed cardiac arrest,the underlying cause of arrest,the duration,and protocol used for *** restoring spontaneous circulation is a vital sign,it should not be the end of the game or lone primary outcome;it calls for better understanding and aggressive multi-disciplinary interventions and *** development of stony heart post-CPR and OHCA remain the main challenges in emergency and critical care medicine.

关键词： Cardiac arrest Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest In-hospital cardiac arrest Post-resuscitation Myocardial dysfunction Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Stony heart

Connecting cellular mechanisms and extracellular vesicle cargo in traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2119-2131页

作者： Nikita Ollen-Bittle Austyn D.Roseborough Wenxuan Wang Jeng-liang D.Wu Shawn N.Whitehead department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Western UniversityLondonONCanada Schulich School of medicine and Dentistry Western UniversityLondonONCanada Deparment of clinical Neurological Sciences Western UniversityLondonONCanada

Traumatic brain injury is followed by a cascade of dynamic and complex events occurring at the cellular level. These events include: diffuse axonal injury, neuronal cell death, blood-brain barrier break down, glial activation and neuroinflammation, edema, ischemia, vascular injury, energy failure, and peripheral immune cell infiltration. The timing of these events post injury has been linked to injury severity and functional outcome. Extracellular vesicles are membrane bound secretory vesicles that contain markers and cargo pertaining to their cell of origin and can cross the blood-brain barrier. These qualities make extracellular vesicles intriguing candidates for a liquid biopsy into the pathophysiologic changes occurring at the cellular level post traumatic brain injury. Herein, we review the most commonly reported cargo changes in extracellular vesicles from clinical traumatic brain injury samples. We then use knowledge from animal and in vitro models to help infer what these changes may indicate regrading cellular responses post traumatic brain injury. Future research should prioritize labeling extracellular vesicles with markers for distinct cell types across a range of timepoints post traumatic brain injury.

关键词： axonal injury biomarkers blood-brain barrier chronic traumatic encephalopathy extracellular vesicles glial activation neuroinflammation traumatic brain injury