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Genetic variation for phytic acid content in mungbean(Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)

The Crop Journal 2015年第2期3卷 157-162页

作者： Vinod Janardan Dhole Kandali Srinivasalu Reddy nuclear agriculture and biotechnology division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre

Mungbean(Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is a short-duration legume crop cultivated for seeds that are rich in protein and carbohydrates. Mungbeans contain phytic acid(PA), an anti-nutritional factor that is the main storage form of organic phosphorus in seeds. It is a strong inhibitor against the absorption of nutrients including iron, zinc, calcium and magnesium in monogastric animals. Genotypes with low phytic acid(lpa) in seed may show increased assimilation of nutrients and be useful in breeding lpa cultivars. The present study was conducted to identify lpa sources, genetic variation, heritability, and association with seed coat color, inorganic phosphorus(IP), and seed size in 102 mungbean genotypes including released varieties, land races, mutants, and wild species grown in two seasons: summer 2011 and rabi 2012. PA and IP in dry seeds were estimated by modified colorimetric method and Chen's modified method,respectively. PA, IP, and 100-seed weight differed significantly in the two seasons. PA content in102 genotypes ranged from 5.74 to 18.98 mg g-1and 5.85 to 20.02 mg g-1in summer 2011 and rabi 2012, respectively. High heritability was found for PA(0.87 and 0.86) and seed size(0.82 and0.83) but low heritability for IP(0.61 and 0.60). A negative correlation was found between PA and seed size(r =-0.183 and-0.267). Yellow and green seed coat genotypes contained significantly less PA than black seed coat genotypes. Cluster analysis revealed the distinctness of wild species, land races and cultivated varieties on the basis of PA content. The genotypes YBSM(6.001 mg g-1) and JL-781(6.179 mg g-1) showed lowest PA. These lpa sources can be used to develop high-yielding mungbean cultivars with low phytic acid.

关键词： Mungbean Phytic acid Inorganic phosphorus Cluster analysis

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Genotypic variation for seed protein and mineral content among post-rainy season-grown sorghum genotypes

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The Crop Journal 2016年第1期4卷 61-67页

作者： Ashok Badigannavar G.Girish V.Ramachandran T.R.Ganapathi nuclear agriculture and biotechnology division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Agricultural Research Station University of Agriculture SciencesGulbarga

Sorghum is an important staple food crop of Asian and African *** a poor man s crop",it provides dietary starch,protein,and some vitamins and *** are important for various physiological functions in the human *** a major staple crop of central and southern Indian provinces,sorghum landraces are a source of supplementary *** of micronutrients and protein and yield parameters were studied using 112 local landraces and *** analysis revealed wide variation for iron(1.10-9.54 mg 100 g^(-1)),zinc(1.12-7.58 mg 100 g^(-1)),protein(3.50-12.60%),and grain yield(2.50-76.50 g) among the *** estimates of genetic/phenotypic coefficient of variation,and genetic advances over the mean were identified for landraces and *** heritabilities were also identified for yield and mineral *** estimates among the genotypes indicated that grain yield was positively correlated with copper and protein with copper and *** analysis based on Euclidean distance resolved all of the genotypes into three major *** wide range of values with high heritability estimates may favor the use of these landraces in recombination breeding to improve nutritional quality in sorghum.

关键词： Mineral content Post-rainy sorghum Genetic correlation Cluster analysis

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Genetic variation for seed phosphorus and yield traits in Indian sorghum landraces and varieties

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The Crop Journal 2015年第4期3卷 358-365页

作者： Ashok Badigannavar G.Girish T.R.Ganapathi nuclear agriculture and biotechnology division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) Agricultural Research Station

Phytic acid is the major storage form of phosphorus in cereals. It binds with nutritionally important metals and affects mineral bioavailability. The present study analyzed phytic acid, inorganic phosphorus(IP) content, seed weight, and grain yield in 98 sorghum landraces and varieties grown in two environments to evaluate genotypic and environmental effects and to determine trait stability. Genotypic effects and genotype × interaction were significant for phytic acid concentration and yield components. A promising landrace, Malkhed-1, had the lowest phytic acid(0.015 mg g-1)concentration, with a higher yield(70.02 g plant-1), than the check variety M-35-1 in both environments. Similarly, among the varieties, Phule Maulee showed the lowest phytic acid(0.07 mg g-1) and a higher grain yield of 53.15 g plant-1in both environments. Phytic acid and IP were negatively correlated(r =- 0.34), whereas grain yield and seed weight were positively correlated(r = 0.20). Cluster analysis based on seed phosphorus traits and yield components identified five and six clusters, respectively. Genotypes containing low phytic acid with high yield identified in this study would be helpful for increasing the bioavailability of mineral nutrients.

关键词： Phytic acid Sorghum Genetic variability Correlation

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Rpivnt1 provides resistance through the mediation of a light responsive guardee in potato

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aBIOTECH 2021年第4期2卷 415-418页

作者： Suvendu Mondal nuclear agriculture and biotechnology division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India

The disease triangle describes the interrelationship among pathogen,host,and environment towards disease prevalence in the *** mechanistic role of environment on NLR-mediated resistance was not known until ***,a comprehensive work revealed that light controls late blight disease reaction in potato caused by the lrish famine pathogen.A specific R gene Rpivnt1 in potato showed dichotomous behavior in disease reaction due to the light-responsive alternate promoter selection of another host gene glycerate 3 kinase(GLYK)during its *** full-length GLYK protein traps the pathogen effector AVRvnt1 into a recognition event which is later sensed by Rpivnt1 in the presence of *** dark,the truncated GLYK protein devoid of its chloroplastic transit peptide could not able to recognize AVRvnt1 and thus resistance get compromised.A possible model for this event is proposed here for ease in understanding.

关键词： Disease resistance Guardee Pathogen effector Programmed cell death R gene Resistosome

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Time course of physiological,biochemical,and gene expression changes under short-term salt stress in Brassica juncea L.

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The Crop Journal 2017年第3期5卷 219-230页

作者： Manish Pandey Suprasanna Penna Plant Stress Physiology and biotechnology Section Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology DivisionBhabha Atomic Research CentreTrombayMumbai 400085India

Salinity-imposed limitations on plant growth are manifested through osmotic and ionic imbalances. However, because salinity-induced responses vary considerably among crop plants, monitoring of such responses at an early stage has relevance. In this study,physiological(seed germination, seed vigor index, root length, shoot length, fresh weight,dry weight) and biochemical attributes(osmoprotectants, K^+/Na^+ ratio) were analyzed for a time-course assessment of salt responses in Indian mustard(Brassica juncea L.) with an emphasis on early monitoring. The results showed strong correlations for total soluble sugars at germination phase(24 h), proline content in the seedling establishment phase(48 h) and various physiological parameters including seed vigor index(R^2= 0.901), shoot length(R^2= 0.982), and fresh weight(R^2= 0.980) at 72 h(adaptation under stress). In addition, transcriptional changes were observed under NaCl treatment for key genes belonging to the family of selective ion transporters(NHX, HKT) and abscisic acid synthesis(AAO-3). The status of mitochondrial respiration was also examined as a probe for salinity tolerance at an early stage. The results suggested that although all the analyzed parameters showed correlations(negative or positive) with salt stress magnitude, their critical response times differed, with most of the studied biochemical, physiological, or molecular markers providing valuable information only after radicle emergence, whereas mitochondrial respiration via alternative oxidase was useful for the early detection of salt responses.

关键词： Alternative oxidase Brassica Osmolytes Salinity Seed germination

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Gamma Irradiation of Embryogenic Callus Cultures and In vitro Selection for Salt Tolerance in Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2008年第9期7卷 1147-1152页

作者： Vikas Y Patade P Suprasanna V A Bapat Plant Cell Culture Technology Section Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology DivisionBhabha Atomic Research Centre

Radiation induced mutagenesis followed by in vitro selection was employed for salt tolerance in popular Indian sugarcane （Saccharum officinarum L.） cv. CoC-671. Embryogenic calli were gamma irradiated and exposed to different levels of NaCl （42.8, 85.6, 128.3, 171.1,213.9, 256.7, 299.5, or 342.2 mM）. The relative growth rate （RGR） decreased progressively with increasing salt stress and was the least with a salt stress of 256.7 mM （0.25±0.009）, almost 10 fold lesser than the control. The RGR was significantly lower in 85.6 mM and higher salt stressed calli than the control. The survival percent also decreased, with an increase in NaCl concentration. In case of 10 and 20 Gy irradiated calli, regeneration was observed up to 85.6 mM NaCl selection, medium, whereas, higher treatments （128.3 mM and beyond） exhibited browning initially. However, in the subsequent subcultures, regeneration was obtained in the case of 10 and 20 Gy irradiated calli on 128.3 and 171.1 mM NaCl selections. Higher dose of gamma irradiation （40 Gy） also showed regeneration, but only with 85.6 mM NaCI selection. The unirradiated calli regenerated the highest number of plantlets followed by 10 and 20 Gy irradiated calli on salt selection. A total of 147 plantlets were selected from different salt levels. The salt selected plants are being tested for their field performance.

关键词： sugarcane in vitro mutagenesis in vitro selection salt tolerance

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Perspectives of Using L-Tryptophan for Improving Productivity of Agricultural Crops: A Review

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Pedosphere 2018年第1期28卷 16-34页

作者： Ayesha MUSTAFA Muhammad IMRAN Muhammad ASHRAF Khalid MAHMOOD Soil and Environmental Sciences division Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB)

Plant growth regulators are biologically active signaling molecules that regulate a number of plant physiological processes. Auxin(indole-3-acetic acid) is an important plant growth regulator and is synthesized within plant tissues through L-tryptophan(L-TRP)-dependent and-independent pathways. It has been found that plants respond to exogenously applied L-TRP due to insufficient endogenous auxin biosynthesis. The exogenous application of L-TRP is highly significant for normal plant growth and development.L-tryptophan is applied through foliar spray, seed priming, and soil application. Soil-applied L-TRP is either directly taken up by plants or metabolized to auxin by soil microbiota and then absorbed by plant roots. Similarly, foliar spray and seed priming with L-TRP stimulates auxin synthesis within plants and improves the growth and productivity of agricultural crops. Furthermore, L-TRP contains approximately 14% nitrogen(N) in its composition, which is released upon its metabolism within a plant or in the rhizosphere and plays a role in enhancing crop productivity. This review deals with assessing crop responses under the exogenous application of L-TRP in normal and stressed environments, mode of action of L-TRP, advantages of using L-TRP over other auxin precursors, and role of the simultaneous use of L-TRP and auxin-producing microbes in improving the productivity of agricultural crops. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review reporting the importance of the use of L-TRP in agriculture.

关键词： auxin biosynthesis auxin precursors auxin-producing microbes crop productivity indole-3-acetic acid plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria plant response to abiotic stresses

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Determination of Essential Fatty Acid Composition among Mutant Lines of Canola (Brassica napus),through High Pressure Liquid Chromatography

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第12期51卷 1080-1085页

作者： Ghulam Raza Aquil Siddique Imtiaz Ahmad Khan Muhammed Yasin Ashraf Abdullah Khatri Plant Genetic division Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA) Tando Jam 70060 Pakistan nuclear Institute for agriculture and Biology Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan

The present study aimed to quantify the methyl esters of lenoleic acid （LA）, γ-lenolenic acid （LNA） and oleic acid （OL） in the oil of Brassica napus mutants. Five stable mutants （ROO-75/1, ROO-100/6, ROO-125/12, ROO-125/14, and ROO-125/17） of B. napus cv. ＇Rainbow＇（P） and three mutants （W97-95/16, W97-0.75/11 and W97-.075/13） of B. napus cv. ＇Westar＇（P） at M6 stage, exhibiting better yield and yield components, were analyzed for essential fatty acids. The highest seed yield was observed in the mutant （ROO-100/6） followed by ROO-125/14 of Rainbow, that is, 34% and 32% higher than their parent plants, respectively. Westar mutant W97-75/11 also showed 30% higher seed yield than its parent plant. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of the composition of fatty acids indicated that OL was the most dominant fatty acid, ranging from 39.t to 66.3%; LA was second （15.3-41.6%） and LNA was third （18.1-28.9%）. Mutant ROO-125/14 showed higher OL contents than parent （Rainbow）. These results are expected to support the approval of ROO-125/14 in the National Uniform Varietal Yield Trials （NUVYT） as a new variety based on high oil quality.

关键词： Brassica high performance liquid chromatography lenoleic acid lenolenic acid oleic acid.

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Impact assessment of nuclear power plant discharge on zooplankton abundance and distribution in coastal waters of Kalpakkam, India

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 295-304页

作者： A.L.Muthulakshmi Usha Natesan Vincent A.Ferrer K.Deepthi V.P.Venugopalan S.V.Narasimhan Anna University Chennai 600025India All India Council for Technical Education Nelson Mandela MargVasanth KunjNew Delhi 110067India nuclear agriculture&biotechnology division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreTrombayMumbai 400085India Chemistry Group Water and Steam Chemistry DivisionBhabha Atomic Research CentreKalpakkam 603102India.

Background:Kalpakkam coastal area serves as fishing ground,influenced by anthropogenic effluents from its surrounding populations and ***:The monthly abundance and distribution of zooplankton and some physico-chemical parameters were investigated in coastal waters near a nuclear power plant,Kalpakkam *** and surface water samples collected from three different locations(stations P1,P2 and P3)in the heated and non-heated parts of the coastal waters were analyzed using standard ***:Among all plankton genera in the cooling water,zooplankton was observed most sensitive group to entrainment-induced *** genera were identified over the period of the *** population followed a trend as P1>P3>P2.A clear monthly variation and slight differences among stations were observed in terms of the zooplankton *** investigations revealed that changes in zooplankton genera across water bodies could be associated with differing ***:Our results clearly demonstrate that heated water discharge from the Madras Atomic Power Station has a negligible effect on zooplankton population at engineered canal near Plutonium Recycle Project(station P2).There is no impact on zooplankton population due to thermal effluent discharge into the coastal area(stations P1 and P3).Hence,further investigation is required to estimate the impact zone at either side during different seasons.

关键词： Zooplankton Physico-chemical parameters Season Kalpakkam nuclear power plant

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Drought Stress Impairs Grain Yield and Quality of Rice Genotypes by Impaired Photosynthetic Attributes and K Nutrition

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Rice science 2020年第1期27卷 5-9页

作者： Muhammad Zahid MUMTAZ Muhammad SAQIB Ghulam ABBAS Javaid AKHTAR Zia Ul-QAMAR Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Agriculture Institute of Molecular Biology and biotechnology The University of Lahore Department of Environmental Sciences COMSATS University Plant Breeding and Genetics division Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology

Drought is one of the most prevalent abiotic stresses that adversely affect rice productivity(Petrozza et al, 2014). Rice is very sensitive to drought stress and drought can cause 50% reduction in rice production globally(Yang et al, 2008). To meet the food needs for global population, 63% more agricultural production will be required by the year 2050 than.

关键词： drought Yield globally

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